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,%we DTI-S-1054-SL
DEFENSE
INTELLIGENCE
AGENCY
PROFICIEncy PROJECTS:
"Ble SERIES (11)
4 FEBRURRY 1993
190FOM
re fle n
LINDIS
STHR GHTE
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PROFICIENCY PROJECTS: I'D" SERIES
SHORT TITLE: DTI-S-1054-SL
Date of Publication
4 February 1993
This document was prepared by the
Directorate for Scientific and Technical Intelligence,
Defense Intelligence Agency.
REPRODUCTION REQUIRES
APPROVAL OF ORIGINATOR
OR HIGHER DOD AUTHORITY
FURTHER DISSEMINATION
ONLY AS DIRECTED BY DT
OR HIGHER DOD AUTHORITY
10
NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
CLASSIFIED BY: DIA/DT
DECLASSIFY ON: OADR
OFORN/LIMDIS
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PREFACE
(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) This report is part of a series that
summarizes proficiency project activity conducted by DTI-S
personnel. It contains a discussion of basic proceduresp and
includes an assessment of results. Specifies on targets, data
summaries, and evaluations are contained in the appendix.
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U If C L A 8 S I F I E D
CONTENTS
PREFACE
PME
I PURPOSE ......................
11 BACKGROUND ................
III DISCUSSION ............... 2
IV SUMMARY OF RESULTS ... ........... 7
V FUTURE PROFICIENCY ACTIVITIES ....... o9eemee:1.3
APPENDIX:
A - TARGET A-1
B - TARGET B-1
C - TARGET C-1
D - TARGET D-1
Z - TARGET E-1
F - TARGET F-1
G - TARGET G-1
H - TARGET H-1
I - TARGET I............ ....... ........
J - TARGET
U N C L A S 0 1 F I E D
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U N C L A 8 8 1 P I E D
APPENDIXO CTD:
K - TARGET		X-1
L - TARGET		L-I
X - TARGET		M-1
N - TARGET		N-I
0 - TARGET		0-1
P - TARGET		P-1
Q - TARGET	Q...........................................	Q-1
R - TARGET		R-I
8 - TARGET		B-3.
T - TARGET		T-I
U N C L A 8 B I P I E D
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LIST OF FIGURES
PAGE
FIGURE I TASKING SHEET 4
FIGURE 2 EVALUATION SCALES 6
FIGURE 3 INDIVIDUAL AVERAGES 11
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1 RATING DATA SUMMARY
TABLE 2 RATING DATA SUMMARYr ctd 9
TABLE 3 INDIVIDUAL AVERAGES 10
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PROFICIENCY PROJECTS: "B" SERIES
I (U) PURPOSE: (SINFISGILIMDIS) The primary purpose of this
proficiency "B" series was to provide project personnel with a
variety of general interest targets for their own proficiency
enhancement or development. A secondary purpose was to examine
the data for trends useful in future proficiency or operational
activity.
II (U) BACKGROUND
(U) Basic approaches for in-house proficiency activity was
defined in DT-S-1031-SL, Procedures for Special Proficiency
Targets, 5 April 1991, and in DT-S-1039-SL, Proficiency
Enhancement Prolects, 21 June 1991. Evaluation procedures for
these types of projects were presented in DT-S-1046-SL,
Proficiency Program Reporting and Evaluation, 3 Jun 1992.
(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) This report is part of the on-going
proficiency activity conducted by DTI-S personnel. This
particular series was defined in advance to consist of 20 targets
that were randomly drawn from pre-established target pool
consisting of pictures of people from diverse population groups.
(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) The basic objective was for project
viewers to describe the specific target personality. only public
information contained in the picture (or accompanying article)
would be sought. This would include appearance, age-group, race,
key orientations/actions, or other apparent features. In some
cases, dominant background information (e.g., colors, buildings/
shapes, setting) were considered as a pertinent part of the
target personalities' picture and were included for evaluation.
All key aspects/features. however, were identified in advance
during target pool preparation.
(SINFISGILIMDIS) This proficiency "B" series, therefore,
gave project viewers a chance to see how well they could perform
on "people". These results will assist in task/person matching
and in estimating data reliability for application projects that
would involve foreign personalities as potential targets.
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III (U) DISCUSSION:
1. (U) Basic Procedures:
(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) This proficiency series employed
standard remote viewing approaches used by DTI-S personnel. To
examine possible effects in targeting conditions, two targeting
protocols were manipulated: (1) the targets would either be
known to a beacon person; or (2) the specific targets would not
be known to anyone (i.e., double blind, no beacon person
condition). It was defined in advance to select approximately an
equal number of beacon person and no beacon person targets. This
condition was not randomized so that the schedule of available
beacon persons could be accommodated.
(U) Basic protocols, records, and other aspects of
this proficiency series were performed according to previously
established procedures that are reported in documents cited in
the background section.
(SINF) Due to the small number of targets in this
series, definitive conclusions should not be drawn from the
results. However, it was anticipated that data trends might be
observed that could be useful for certain aspects of future
proficiency and possibly operational projects.
2. (U) Target Pool:
(SINF) The 20 targets used in this series were
selected from an extensive target pool based on pictorial
material extracted from readily available magazines (e.g.,
National Geographic, Newsweek, various trade or travel
magazines). The material could be anything published within the
past 20 years. This particular pool is relatively homogeneous in
that it contains a wide variety of people/personalities. Some
of them are quite similar, although sufficient differences exist
for data differentiation.
(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) The criteria for selecting pictures for
this target pool included diversity and uniqueness of content, as
well as definitive and clear features to avoid ambiguousness in
target comparisons. Targets in this pool were previously sealed
in opaque envelopes and secured in a special office file. once
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selected, the target was not replaced back into the target pool.
This procedure was used to avoid problems observed in the past
when identical targets are used with little time separation
between projects. This eliminates influence of memory of
previous targets, especially when trial-by-trial feedback is
used.
3. (U) Session Procedures:
(SINF) Targets for each session were selected randomly
from the target pool and placed in a dedicated, secure safe
drawer. When no beacon person was involved, the target would
remain unopened until after all the viewer's data was recorded
and given to the project officer. When a beacon person was
involved, the beacon person would open the envelope, observe the
target, and place it in the secure file drawer. No other person
would be permitted access to this target and the beacon person
would not in any way discuss the target until after all data were
recorded and given to the project officer.
(SINFISGILIMDIS) A typical tasking sheet for the
viewers is shown on figure 1. Other data records are on the
viewers response forms as shown in the appendix material.
(SINFISGILIMDIS) Upon completion of all records for
each target, the viewer (sources) were only then provided access
to the target for trial-by-trial feedback and preliminary
evaluation.
(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) All three of the current viewers on
the DTI-S staff were involved in this series. Not all projects
could be worked by some individuals due to leave or TDY. An
individual not involved in viewing activity and who had no prior
viewing experience was used as a "control person". The control
persons data is included in this report and evaluated according
to the same procedures established for evaluating the viewers
data.
4. (U) Evaluation:
(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) All targets were independently
evaluated by comparing the viewers data to the target picture
according to two data categories (concept/generic;
specifics/analytic). Four or five statements had been prepared
in advance for these two data categories were also included in
the sealed target envelopes. They were prepared to help provide
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FIGURE I
TASKING SHEET
SOURCE NO:
DATE:-5 OCT 92
SUSPENSE:-5 OCT 92-
-1600 hrs -
1. PROJECT NUMBER: 92-108-P
2. METHOD/TECHNIQUE: Method of Choice.
3. BACKGROUND: None.
4. ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION:
---- Describe the target personality.
5. COMMENTS:
---- Optional-Coordinates: 226231/800253
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a consistency in judging and to clarify the content of the two
target categories. These statements are also included in the
appendix for each target. A "value factor" is also identified to
indicate those target elements considered to be more important
than others as an additional assist in data evaluation.
(U) Occasionally, a viewer's response consists
primarily of specific or "naming" data. In this case, the
generic data category would be given a provisional rating based
on the content of the specifics provided.
(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) It has been suspected that the
viewers initial data is of a "pattern-making" or concept
identification nature. Later data tends to be more specific,
eventually leading to higher precision in identifying or "naming"
the target. Thus, evaluating the data according to these data
categories would be consistent with the viewers natural process.
Examining the data from this perspective could also add insight
on individual strengths or preferences.
(SINF) Response assessments were based on a basic
evaluation scale as shown on figure 2. Experience has shown
these scales to be generally reliable and adequate for evaluation
of data in projects of this type. Detailed evaluation methods
are also available that can be used to refine evaluation of this
series or to apply to future projects.
(SINFISGILIMDIS) All results were initially assessed
by the project officer and the branch chief for correlation to
the two basic data categories. An individual external to the
DTI-S unit and judged to be neutral to this area was also used as
a third evaluator. An "average" of all three evaluations was
then computed and recorded on the evaluation records form.
(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) All results were initially assessed by the
project officer and the branch chief for correlation to the two
basic data categories. An individual external to the DTI-S unit
and judged to be neutral to this area was also used as a third
evaluator. An "average" al all three evaluations was then
computed and recorded on the evaluation records form.
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IV (U) SUMMARY OF RESULTS:
(U) Overall results from this series of 20 targets
(A through T) are shown on table 1 and table 2 for the three
viewers (1, 2, 3) and the control person (C). Both data
categories (a, b) are also shown. For quick reference, the
appendix is keyed to the same target identifier. The general
nature of the target is shown on the tables to facilitate target-
type comparisons.
(SINFISGILIMDIS) Since the evaluation scale is based on a
0-5 (and corresponding 0-100) rating scheme, ratings of 2+ to 3-
(40-60) or higher would support the possibility that the viewer
was in fact accessing at least some of the target material. For
the conceptual/generic data category (a), one person scored a 2+
or more on 5 targets, another scored 2+ or more on 6 targets, and
the third scored 2+ or more on 2 of the targets. The control
person who made "random guesses" scored considerably lower, on
the average, than the viewers did. Results were not as good,
overall, for the analytic data category (b); however, the viewers
data were better for most of the targets than the control person
for this data category.
(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) Table 3 and figure 3 show overall averages
for the viewers and the control person. Not all viewers were
able to work all 20 projects due to leave or TDY commitments.
(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) As in the previous proficiency study (DTI-
S-1052-SL; Proficiency Projects: "All Series), there was little
difference between the "beacon" and the "no beacon" condition.
Some viewers appeared to do better in the "no beacon" condition;
however, the small sample size limits conclusions.
(SINFISGILIMDIS) one of the viewers (No. 2) score was
considerably lower then for previous proficiency projects, It
may be that this individual's subliminal preference is for other
target categories (i.e., those involving geometric shapes or area
sites), and not for people-related targets. Such a preference is
important for estimating results in potential application tasks.
(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) It was difficult to identify viewer/target
preferences for this series. Results were quite variable and not
consistent. Some viewers did, however, appear to do better on
target that had sharp contrasts, implied dynamics (e.g., specific
activity, or motions).
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TABLE 1
RATING DATA SUMMAR
	AVERAGE RATING (2)
TARGET	TARGET	V. N0.1	V. No.2	V. No.3	C (3)
TYPE	I.D.								
(1)		a	b	a	b	a	b	a	b
	A								
NB	POLICEMAN	60	20	1	0	21	18	21	7
	B								
B	OLD WOMAN	19		13
13	4	4	4	15	13
	C								
B	RAFSANJANI	0	1	--	--	29	2.	0	0
	D								
B	AFRICAN WOMAN	28	6	1	0	7	15	0	0
	E								
B	KIM II SUNG	68	49	18	5	21 1	16	4	0
	F								
NB	BULL FIGHTER	15	1	--	--	58	15	3	0
	G								
NB	WOMAN/CHILD	1	0	--	--	61	33	1	0
	H								
NB	DANCER	1	0	1	0	40	18	0	0
	I								
NB	BUSINESS WOMAN	28	26	28	39	27	32	0	0
	i								
NB	ELECTRIFIED CHILD	18	19 1	52	26	17		14	4
NOTES: (1) B = BEACON PERSON USED; NB NO BEACON PERSON
(2) a = CONCEPT/GENERIC; b SPECIFICS/ANALYTIC
(3) C = CONTROL PERSON
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TABLE 2
RATING DATA -SUMMARYt CTD.
	AVERAGE RATING (2)
TARGET	TARGET	V. NO.1	V. N0.2	V. N0.3	C (3)
TYPE	I.D.								
(1)		a	b	a	b	a	b	a	b
	K								
NB	YOUTH	0	0	7	0	39	29	5	0
	L								
NB	SCUBA DIVER	39	3	16	0	17	0	1	0
	m								
B	BOOT VENDOR	36	25	33	16	45	28	20	5
	N								
B	WEAVER	51	40	--	--	13	0	10	1
	0								
B	COOK	35	3 1	16	6	48	8	32	9
	P								
B	MAN IN CHAIR	15	5	12	1	6	1	15	8
	0								
NB	FACTORY WORKER	10	0	27	13	19	12	1	0
	R								
NB	EXERCISE CLASS	39	3	4	1 6	11	3	0	0
	S								
NB	CARRIAGE RIDER	1	0	55	47	33	31	0	0
	T								
B
J	
, JOGGER	0	0
I	
L-	
1	8
1	0	0	0
NOTES: (1) B = BEACON PERSON USED; NB NO BEACON PERSON
(2) a = CONCEPT/GENERIC; b SPECIFICS/ANALYTIC
(3) C = CONTROL PERSON
&ROMPYNOPORNILINDIS
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TABLE 3
1 N p I V I D U A L A V E R A Q E 0
	NO. or TARGET	AVERAGES PER TARGETING TYPE
VIEWER (V)	TYPES	BEACON (B)	NO BEACON (NB)
No.	B	NB	a	b	a	b
1	9	11	28	17	20	7
2	6	9	10	4	17	12
3	9	1	20	8	31	17
AVERAGE
(ALL VRIS)	
--	
--	
19	
10	
23	
12
CONTROL
(C)	
9-				4	1
NOTES: B = BEACON
NB = NO BEACON
a = CONCEPT/GENERIC DATA
b = SPECIFICS/ANALYTIC DATA
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FIGURE 3
INDIUIDUIRL RUERRGES
RLIL TRRGETS
KEY
E 100-
u
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L BO-
B -
T
1 60-
0
N
40-
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E c 'L L::]
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a b
BERCON
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1,,293 = mUm No'S.
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a=CUNCEPT/GENERIC ORTR
b=SPECIFICS/RNRLYTIC ORTH
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N8=NO BERCON CONDITION
3
2 3
2
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(NB)
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(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) one of the reasons the average scores for
this series are lower than for previous proficiency projects may
be due to the key data elements selected. There were fewer
overall elements, and some of them resulted in a hit or miss
(e.g., male or female). Some targets were hard to differentiate
(even when examined closely) between male/female. A miss on this
category would have led to a significant lowering of overall
scores, especially if any one or two elements were identified as
key features for evaluation purposes. The low scores in the
analytical (b) category indicates the viewers had difficulty in
determining specific features and activity. This may reflect
more on the difficulty of this target-set, and not on basic
phenomena limitations for applied projects. This issue will be
explored in future proficiency/application projects.
(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) In summary, general observations from this
series are:
- Reliability of conceptual/generic data is
consistently better than specific analytic data.
- overall, the viewers did considerably better than
the control person for the concept/generic data
category.
- The viewers also did better (though not as
pronounced on the average) than the control person for
the specific/analytic data category.
- Best results were obtained for clear and distinct
targets, and those with implied dynamic content.
- A differential between beacon person and no-beacon
person conditions could not be identified in this
series.
- Use of a control person provides an important
reference point for making comparisons between pure
guessing and remote viewing activity. In this series,
this comparison provided additional confidence in the
possibility that remote viewing actually occurred.
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V (U) FUTURE PROFICIENCY ACTIVITIES:
(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) Results of this proficiency series
indicate that proficiency projects intended primarily for skills
development can also serve an additional important role. With
proper design and execution, they can provide insight into issues
that are important in potential applications. The possible
influence of a known beacon person on data accuracy, or the
effects of target characteristics on data quality, for example,
would be important issues to resolve.
(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) Consequently, future proficiency projects
for DTI-S personnel will be designed to identify factors that
influence an individual's performance. In addition, an
accumulation of the variety of proficiency projects over time
will provide a track record useful for person-to-project matching
and in quantifying an individual's expected success rate. Such
data will assist in how future operational projects are conducted
and in predicting what aspects of a viewer's data are more
reliable than others.
(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) As a result of experience gained in this
proficiency series, some procedural aspects were identified that
can be improved. More care will be taken in selection of the key
elements in the two data categories (concept/generic; specifics/
analytic). In addition, the viewers may need to perform
additional sessions for each target in order to identify as many
key target elements as possible. this additional data could lead
to improved overall ratings. An alternative to this approach is
to limit the possible data elements to only the most significant
items, as would be the case for most operational needs. these
possibilities, and others, will be explored. An accumulation of
data from similar projects over time will greatly assist in
improving phenomena understanding and in determining application
parameters.
(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) overall benefits were gained from this
proficiency "B" series. The viewers were challenged with a wide
variety of targets (some difficult). Possible influence of
select parameters/conditions on remote viewing results were also
explored. An accumulation of data from similar projects over
time will greatly assist in improving phenomena understanding and
in determining application parameters.
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