SPJCMP92 Approved For Release 20AFDQW-'EIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 C0PY4A__0F 01-0187-92-0930-003 8 May 1992 719.9 Big AENOWAPI--- Uff @@a Science Applications International Corporation An Employee-Owned Company Authors: Edwin C. May, Ph.D. and Wanda L. W Luke Presented to: U. S. Government Contract MDA908-91-C-0037 Submitted by: Science Applications International Corporation Cognitive Sciences Laboratory 1010 El Camino Real, Suite 330 Menlo Park, California 94025 Classify by: Contractor Security Procedures Guide DT-S-1040-S Declassify on: OADR 10 10 El Camino Real, Suite 330, P. 0. Box 1412, Menlo Park, CA 94025 0 (415) 325-8292 Other SAIC Offices:ApplroVl§dtTdt-Refgi-sevemity4if v SECRET/NOFORN Technical Pfwp@wd For ReleastMO(Nnif3ffi-UP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. OBJECTIVE (U) ............................................................ 1 II. APPROACH (U) ............................................................ 2 6. Specific Tasks (U) ........................................................ 2 7. Quick Reaction Capability (QRC) (U) ...................................... 8 III. GLOSSARY (U) ............................................................. 9 IV REFERENCES (U) ......................................................... 10 V. MOSSBAUER BACKGROUND (U) .......................................... 11 VI. RESUMES (U) ............................................................. 22 r Approved For ReleasqjMVASSWfMP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 i Technical pftWMed For ReleaseUPPM13Sg;&;DP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 1. OBJECTIVE (U) (U) The objective of this effort is to continue the work being conducted under contract MDA908-91-C-0037 by extending the analysis of the data and adopting approaches that were devel- oped to conduct specific experiments. Approved For Releas4j=&AgSoi~MP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Technical PPqqpnm4ed For ReleascU$tCLASSW$WP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 11. APPROACH (U) (U) For convenience, the section numbering matches that of the Statement of Work (SOW) from re- quest for quote RSQ-4. 6. Specific Tasks (U) (U) The specific tasks are modest extension of those that are currently being investigated. In most cases, they involve analysis of existing data or involve the implementation of experiments that were de- signed under the current effort. 6.1 Basic Research (U) (U) Basic research of anomalous mental phenomena (AMP) is defined as that activity that is primarily designed to understand the parameters of and theoretical basis for AMP. Ir 6.1.1 Biophysical Measurements (Follow-on to SOW 6.3.11) (U) 6.1.1.1 Magnetoencephalograph Electroencephalograph Correlation (U) (U) The trend in some magneto encephalograph (MEG) laboratories has been to collect magnetic and elec- trical data simultaneously. Thus, for some measurements, it may be possible to correlate the results from the two techniques. We propose to conduct a literature search for such studies and conduct a meta-analysis on the pertinent papers to determine the degree to which EEG may be substituted for MEG. In particular, 'we will examine experiments that do not involve precise source localizations within the brain. 6.1.1.2 Magnetoencephalograph Data Analysis (U) (U) The magnetoencephalograph database consists of 11 blocks of data obtained from an earlier pro- gram and an additional 80 blocks obtained in the current program. Altogether there are brain-wave data for over 9,000 remote stimuli (i.e., stimuli that are sensorially and physically isolated from a receiv- ert), a similar amount for pseudo stimuli (i.e., randomly placed time markers generated during the ex- eriment), and additional 9,000 stimuli of each type that were collected as a control (i.e., identical cir- ,P curnstances as in the experiment, but without a receiver being present). We propose to apply the following analysis techniques to this substantial database. a. Efficient Phase-Shift Calculations (U) (U) The primary purpose for the collection of magnetoencephalograph data is to determine the degree -to which remote stimuli affects the phase of the primary alpha rhythm. There is a vast literature dating back to the 1930s suggesting that a relaxed brain, which is producing sustained alpha bursts, reacts to weak external stimuli with a phase shift of that alpha activity. * All follow-on SOWs refer to the current contract PR330/012Z/91. t Please refer to the Glossary (Section III) for a definitions of terms. Approved For ReleastMt;LMSElf3FMP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 2 Technical FAppaul?d For ReleaseUMLAiSSCREOP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 (U) To study alpha-phase shifts in an efficient way, itis important to present stimuli only when the sub- ject is producing alpha; however, the effort under SOW 6.3.1 in PR 330/012Z/91 was an attempt to repli- cate a similar experiment conducted in 1988. The protocol for data collection was constrained to match that study, and therefore presented stimuli randomly. J* (U) We propose to reevaluate the alpha-phase shifts for all the data collected under PR 330/012Z/91. In this new analysis we will compute the phase shifts for only those stimuli that happen to occur within an appropri- ate alpha burst. We will use pseudo stimuli that meet this constraint as within-ran controls and generate Monte-Carlo stimuli only within alpha bursts during which no other stimuli occurred. Standard statistical methods will be used to compute effect sizes and evaluate the observed phase shifts. b. Higher Order Spectral Processing (U) (U) Fourier-based spectrum estimation techniques have proven valuable for the analysis of signals in the frequency domain. These techniques use only second-order statistical information; thus, they as- surne that the signals are Gaussian. In fact, most real-world signals are not Gaussian; hence, there is usually much more information in a stochastic non-Gaussian or deterministic signal than is conveyed by its autocorrelation or spectrum. Higher-order spectra are defined in terms of the higher order statistics of the signal; therefore they can proved non-linear information.2,3 An additional benefit is realized because all Gaussian noise vanishes, and thus any non-linear signals are more easily detected. (U) One such higher-order technique is the bi-spectrum. Preliminary application of the bi-spectrum of the MEG data has produced promising results. It appears that remote stimuli produce significantly different bi-spectra than those observed in non-stimulus intervals. c. Wavelet Analysis (U) (U) Recent work has produced techniques for representing signals in terms of a set of orthogonal basis functions with local support. While such a method was thought impossible for many years, recent re- search has shown ihat an infinite number of such basis function sets exist.4,5 These basis functions con- sist of dilations and translations of a "mother wavelet" function which is zero outside of some range. Since they are an orthogonal and complete set, the wavelet transform is information preserving, that is, the original signal can be reconstructed from the wavelet coefficients without error. (U) The wavelet coefficients are generated by correlating these functions with the signal at every posi- tion, with wavelets on every scale. In this way, features in the signal can be located in time with great precision; hence, these methods could prove highly effective in clearly indicating the discontinuity which is thought to occur at the time of the remote stimulus. d. Time-Frequency Distributions (U) (U) Time-frequency distributions describe how the spectral content of a signal changes over time. They consist of a set of methods which represent the energy or intensity of a signal simultaneously in time and frequency. The spectrogram, which used windowed short-term Fourier transforms to produce a local estimate of the spectrum, was an early method of this sort. It had a severe disadvantage: small windows provided good time localization put poor frequency resolution; large windows produced the opposite problem. The Wigner distribution was developed to alleviate this problem, but was found to introduce serious artifacts with certain signals. References may be found in Section IV. Approved For ReleaseL;FMM1,qSfMgBP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 3 Technical PApposubd For Release U04OL443 SMEDP96-00789 R003100170001-9 (U) More recent methods showing better performance include the Wigner-Ville distribution6 and the Choi-Williams distribution.7 Both of these improve time and frequency resolution while suppressing unwanted artifacts. Since these distributions are complex, their transfer functions provide both gain and phase information. e. Cyclostationarity (U) (U) Most conventional signal processing methods treat random signals as if they were statistically sta- tionary. If the parameters of the underlying signal-generating mechanisms are time varying, as they are in brain-wave data, then this assumption is invalid and other techniques must be used to extract impor- tant properties of the signal. For example, a signal whose autocorrelation function fluctuates periodi- cally with time is said to exhibit second-order cyclostationarity. A number of signal processing methods can extract information from such signals.8 (U) By constructing time intervals that are symmetric around the remote or pseudo stimulus, we can produce pseudo periodic signals that are likely to exhibit properties that can be extracted by cyclosta- tionary processing methods. f. Conclusion (U) (U) Since the underlying physical process which produces signals is poorly understood, it is impossible to predict which of these signal analysis techniques will yield the best results. However, a systematic program of applying these methods to the MEG data will greatly increase the probability that a genuine physiological response can be detected and measured with much higher confidence levels. 6.2 Data Pafterns/Correlations (Follow-on to SOW 6.32) (U) (U) The search for patterns or correlations within anomalous cognition (AC) is part of basic research. 6.2.1 Sender/No-Sender Analysis (U) a. Sender/No-Sender in the Ganzfeld (U) (U) Under the current contract, we initiated two investigations of whether the quality of AC depends upon a sender. We let a subcontract to Psychophysical Research Laboratories (PRL) to perform a meta-analysis of the pertinent literature to determine the appropriate parameters for a Ganzfeld study of the sender condition. The Ganzfeld is a protocol for conducting a type of AC experiment. PRL was also tasked to design an appropriate experiment using the results from the meta-analysis. Unfortunately, the number of previous Ganzfeld experiments was insufficient to determine heuristic parameters. Instead, PRL drew from its 20 years of Ganzfeld experience and designed an appropriate experiment. (U) We propose to continue this effort by tasking PRL to conduct approximately 70 Ganzfeld trials with novice receivers (i.e., first-timers) as screening/selection for the multi-condition sender-environment ex- periment. One of the most important elements in any AC experiment is to identify individuals who can demonstrate high quality results. This is particularly important if, as in this case, the primary experiment is designed to examine the effect of an independent variable. Thus, this preliminary screening effort is critical to understanding the role of the sender in AC experiments. (U) Besides the usual judging and analysis implied by the Ganzfeld protocol, the data from the screen- ing/selection experiment will also be examined with regard to six facets of extroversion. Honorton et al. have shown that the degree of extroversion is important in quality AC, and, thus, this variable is impor- tant to the success of the main experiment.9 Approved For ReleasqjfflME;SflF4WP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 4 pov 4 188j"EF96-00789RO03100170001-9 Technical Arpo osayd For Release fflQ&A a. Sender/No-Sender with Static and Dynamic Tdrgets (U) (U) Using the AC database that was obtained under the existing contract, we will apply fuzzy set theory to search for target/receiver properties that yield higher quality AC. Under an earlier program, we applied fuzzy set theory to the analysis of AC. In particular, we developed fuzzy set representations of all the static targets used in the current study. They were encoded with 131 separate visual target elements; therefore, to capitalize on this earlier work, we will examine our AC result from this particular viewpoint.10 (U) Under the current program we have developed an "adaptive" fuzzy set algorithm thatwill be able to determinewhich, if any, of these 131 target elements were responsible for receivers' improved AC qual- ity. In the adaptive method, fuzzy sets are modified in accedence with a receiver's historical perfor- mance, and the modified version is applied to new data. The historical record is then updated to ac- count for the results of that additional analysis. (U) We propose to apply these techniques to approximately 250 AC trials. This analysis will cover the four combinations of sender/no-sender and static/dynamic targets that were used in the current study. 6.2.2 MEG/EEG Parameter Search (U) (U) During a previous program, we tasked Psi Sources of Information Center to place the literature of all English language parapsychological technical journals into a computerized database. From that time, Ms. Rhea White has maintained that database, which now includes abstracts of all technical articles dating back to the early 1900s. We propose to use this database to examine all relevant MEG/EEG data and worldwide AC research to identify key performance and target pattern parameters (e.g-, physical, psychological, bio- physical). If enough studies identify a specific parameter, we propose to conduct a formal meta-analysis of that parameter to determine its effect upon performance quantitatively. 6.3 Applied Research (Follow-on to SOW 6.2.3.3) (U) (U) Applied research of AMP is defined as that activity that is primarily designed to improve the quality of experimental results. 6.3.1 Long Distance AC Experiment (U) (U) Under the current contract, we developed a two-by-five error-correcting block code, which we applied to an AC ejq)eriment. The objective was to increase the reliability of detecting AC and to explore its poten- tial for communications. In that effoM receivers were not monitored and target feedback was sometimes significantly delayed. In addition, the receivers were allowed to respond to an intended target at any time during a one-week interval. (U) We propose to improve upon this protocol and apply the techniques to testbeds that are similar to potential applications. Specifically, each AC trial will be monitored at a site designated by the contract- ing office's technical representative, and each AC trial will be conducted in real time. Feedback and a portion of the analysis will be provided immediately. (U) We plan to explore a number of analytical techniques to determine the optimal technique for po- tential applications. They will include "crisp" answers (i.e., either "yes" or "no" to a predefined set of questions) for the input to the two-by-five block code and "fuzzy" answers (i.e., receivers express the degree of confidence in their answers to each question) to the same questionnaire. In the latter case, we will use a rich set of standard fuzzy set mathematical techniques in the analysis. Approved For Release 20dW&4ilAo-ur-1=6-00789ROO3100170001-9 FMD rovpd For Releasedfle Technical Fftoosa MlqMfDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 6.4 Theoretical Issues (Follow-on to SOW 6.2.5) (U) (U) As part of basic research, theoretical issues address potential underlying mechanisms for AMP 6.4.1 Nuclear Mossbauer Effect (U) (U) We propose to construct an anomalous perturbation (AP) experiment using the nuclear Mossbauer effect. Sometimes referred to as gamma raw resonance spectroscopy, using the Mossbauer effect is an extremely precise way of measuring the electromagnetic environment at the nuclear site within an atomic lattice and measuring the structure of the nucleus, itself. The nuclear environment is impervious to external factors. Experiments that use the Mossbauer effect are also exquisitely sensitive. Because it is inherently controlled, a Mossbauer set-up is ideal for the study of AP An overview of the Mossbauer effect can be found in Section V, Mossbauer Background. (U) In a Mossbauer AP experiment, an individual watches a dynamic display of gamma ray absorption as feedback. He or she is instructed to use mental strategies to affect the absorption, and thus the nu- clear properties, in predetermined ways. For example, the instructions might suggest to increase or de- crease or shift the location of the maximum absorption. Random control periods (i.e., no human effort to modify the absorption) are intermixed with effort periods. Statistical comparison is made between these periods and both are compared to long-term, stable measurements of the unattended apparatus. (U) To our kno)yledge, no other AP experiment has exclusively attempted to modify nuclear properties; therefore, this exploratory experiment must be considered a pilot effort. Should we observe potential AP effects, we will recommend an extension to verify that the effects cannot be accounted for by known interactions. 6.4.2 Theoretical Models (U) (U) We propose to explore at least two theoretical approaches toward understanding the physics of AC. The heuristic observables are the following: (1) Information, albeit noisy, "propagates" from point A to point B regardless of the spatial or tempo- ral separation. (2) The quality of the reception appears to be proportional to target complexity. (U) The first of these suggests that a four-dimensional, non-electromagnetic model is appropriate. The second implies a relationship to thermodynamic entropy, but at the present, there is no known propaga- tion mechanism for "pure" information. (U) All theoretical approaches to these two questions will be constrained toward testable hypotheses. We suspect that if a reasonable theoretical model can be developed, that it will entail physics implica- tions that can be tested by traditional experimentation. 6.5 Research Methodology (Follow-on to SOW 6.4) (U) 6.5.1 Committees (U) (U) As a continuation of the current program, we propose to the use the three existing committees, which are in place, as support and quality control for methodological and policy issues. These commit- tees are: Approved For Release 2ffipqlAt)%foffib96-00789ROO3100170001-9 6 %W&.0-t Technical PobppsaVed For Release 20CSMEqiA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 SG1 B (U) The Scientific Oversight Committee (SOC). The five voting members of the SOC are respected ,scientists from the following disciplines: physics, astronomy, statistics, neuroscience, and psychology. Since the time of the original proposal, we have added Professor of Neuroscience Steven A. Hillyard of the University of California at San Diego. His resume is include in Section IV. (U) The SOC is tasked with three major responsibilities: 40 Review and approve all experimental protocols prior the collection of data. 40 Critically review all experimental final reports as if they were submissions to technical scientific jour- nals. Ali remarks are in writing and are included in the technical final report to the sponsor. 40 Suggest directions for further research. (U) In addition to these three responsibilities, the SOC members are encouraged to exercise un-announced drop-in privileges to view experiments in progress. (U) Institutional Review Board (IRB). Ile IRB's responsibility is to assure the safety of human sub- jects in experiments and to assure the sponsor that all research involving the use of human subjects is in compliance with all appropriate federal regulations. The IRB members represent the health, legal, and spiritual professions in accordance with government guidelines. The membership is as follows: ~ Gary R. Fujimoto, M.D. ~Byron Wm. Brown, Jr., Ph.D. ~ John Hanley, M.D. ~ Robert B. Livingston, M.D. ~ Robin R Michelson, M.D. ~ Ronald Y. Nakasone, Ph.D. ~ Louis J. West, M.D. ~ Garrison Rapmund, M.D. Occupational Medicine, Palo Alto Medical Foundation Biostatistics, Stanford University Neuropsychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco Buddhist Studies, Institute of Buddhist Studies, Berkeley, CA Neuropsychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles Air Force Science Advisory Board (S/NF) Policy Oversight Committee (POC). The POC's responsibility is to advise SAIC and assure the Defence Intelligence Agency that the activity under this contract fulfills the requirements of the Intelligence Community (IC) and the Department of Defence (DOD). In addition, the POC recom- mends policy for the establishment of a long-term program for the application of anomalous mental phenomena to problems of interest to the DOD and the IC. 6.5.2 Management and Research Support (U) @U) we win proviae tecnnicaj, management, ana aummistrative support tor an researcn Approved For Rel FCMP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 7 Technical Po%pmyed For Release 20CSL;4META-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 7. Quick Reaction Capability (ORC) (U) (S/NF) We propose to reserve approximately five percent of the program effort in order to respond rap- idly to the sponsor's request for briefings, conference attendence, or unanticipated experiment or ap-. plication requirements. Approved For ReleSE(M:EW/WFGfW96-00789ROO3100170001-9 8 Technical Pi6ppeated For Releas4MoLQ4WlFMCDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 M. GLOSSARY (U) ( U) Not all the terms defined below are germane to this report, but they are included here for complete- ness. In a typical anomalous mental phenomena (AMP) task, we define: 41, A_Q-A form of information transfer in which all known sensorial stimuli are absent. That is, some individuals are able to gain access, by as yet an unknown process, to information that is not available to the known sensorial channels. 40 Recei er-An individual who attempts to perceive and report information about a target. 4D AgejA-An individual who attempts to influence a target system. 4D Drget-An item that is the focus of an AMP task (e.g., person, place, thing, event). 4o Thrget Desi2nation-A method by which a specific target, against the backdrop of all other possible targets, is identified to the receiver (e.g., geographical coordinates). 4D Sender/BeagQn-An individual who, while receiving direct sensorial stimuli from an intended target, acts as a putative transmitter to the receiver. 40 Moni=-An individual who monitors an AC session to facilitate data collection. 4D Sgmjun-A time period during which AC data are collected. 4o ELQLQ-wj-A template for conducting a structured data collection session. 40 Respo nse-Material that is produced during an AC session in response to the intended target. 40 Feedback-After a response has been secured, information about the intended target is displayed to the receiver. ~ Analyst-An individual who provides a quantitative measure of AC. ~ Sp-edialify-A given receiver's ability to be particularly successful with a given class of targets (e.g., people as opposed to buildings). Approved For ReleasUNCIMSirdEDDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 9 Technical AW6Md For Release f flpfM/ 16811FILU96-00789ROO3100170001-9 IV. REFERENCES (U) (U) All the following references are unclassified. 1. E. C. May and W L W Luke, "'Pxhnical Protocol for the MEG Investigation," Protoool Submitted to the Scientific Oversight Committee, Science Applications International Corporation, The Cognitive Sciences Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA (August 1991) UNCLASSIFIED. 2. J. M. Mendel, "Signal Processing and System Theory: Theoretical Results and Some Aplications," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 79, No. 3, pp. 278-305 (March 1991) UNCLASSIFIED. 3. C. L. Nikias and M. R. Raghuveer, "Bispectrum Estimation: A Digital Signal Processing Framework," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 75, No. 7, pp. 869-891 (July 1987) UNCLASSIFIED. 4. 1. Daubenchies, "Orthonormal Basis of Compactly Supported Wavelets," Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol. XLI, pp. 909-996 (1988) UNCLASSIFIED. 5. E. C. Heil and D. Walnut, "Continuous and DIscrete Wavelet Tkansforms," SLIMReview, Vol 31, No. 4, pp. 628-666 (December 1989) UNCLASSIFIED. 6. L. Cohen, "Time-Frequency Distributions-A Review," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 77, No. 7, (July 1989) UNCLASSIFIED. 7. H. 1. Choi and W J. Williams, "Improved Time-Frequency Representation of Multicomponent Signals Using Exponential Kernals," IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Vol 37, No. 6, pp. 862-871 (June 1989) UNCLASSIFIED. 8. W A. Gardner "Exploitation of Spectral Redundancyh in Cyclostationary Signals," IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, (April 1991) UNCLASSIFIED. 9. C. Honorton, D. C. Ferrari, and D. J. Bern, "Extraversion and ESP Performance: Meta-Analysis and a New Confirmation," Proceedings of the Parapsychological Association 33rd Annual Conventior; Chevy Chase, MD (August 1990) UNCLASSIFIED. 10. E. C. May, J. M. Utts, W L. W Luke, T. J. Frivold, and V. V`ftask, 'Advances in Remote-Viewing Analysis," Journal of Parapsychology, Vol. 54, pp. 194-228 (September 1990) UNCLASSIFIED. Approved For Release :UffafMqf;JEU96-00789ROO3100170001-9 10 Technical pNW@btpd For ReleaseL;fn~AlSSU%EUP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 V. MOSSBAUER BACKGROUND (U) (U) This Section is entirely unclassified. Gamma Ray and Gamma Ray Resonance Spectroscopy by Jon J. Spijkerman Frank J. Davies Kah Nee Ona Tamara L. Steele May 17, 1991 Ranger Scientific, Inc. 7101 Stephenson-Levey Road Burleson, TX 76028 Approved For ReleasqJV41MIRSflF4MP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 11 Technical Fkppcxi*d For Release M"$S;PM[)P96-00789ROO3100170001-9 INTRODUCTION Resonance phenomena are today a very direct part of our lives. They are used in radio, tuning in a station or selecting a TV channel, in microwave cooking and heating, store security and many other daily uses. It was Lord Rayleigh who, a century ago, first suggested that resonance scattering should occur in atomic systems. Gamma ray Resonance Spectroscopy (GRS), also known as The Mossbauer Effect, was discovered by Rudolf L Mossbauer in 1957, at the time a graduate student at the University of Heidelberg in Germany. Mossbauer was interested in the line shape (profile) of gamma radiation. It was a known fact that gamma rays, photon 'particles', would give a recoil to the nucleus which emitted the gamma ray. The gamma ray would therefore have a lower energy. Similarly, if the gamma ray were to strike another nucleus its energy must be higher, in order to be absorbed and also to provide the absorber recoil energy. This energy can be provided by heating the gamma ray source, since this raises the average velocity of the atoms in the source and therefore the energy. Both positive and negative velocities will be present and thus the line shape of the gamma ray will be broadened. This line broadening is known as a Doppler broadening. The energy lost to recoil could now be compensated for by raising the temperature. Mossbauer's initial experiment was very straightforward, consisting of a gamma ray source. an absorber, and a counter to detect the gamma radiation. As the temperature of the source and absorber was raised, the count rate of unabsorbed gamma rays went down since the increase in thermal energy compensated for the energy lost in recoil. This is shown in figure I To obtain a reference count rate, Mossbauer cooled the source and absorber to liquid nitrogen temperature. There the count rate should have been the highest, but to his amazement, it was not. Mossbauer interpreted this effect as a recoil-free emission and absorption at lower temperatures. This obviously violates the principles of conservation of energy and momentum and was, at first, not well accepted. Mossbauer continued his work at the University of.Munich, Germany, and his experiments were soon confirmed at other taboratori6s. R. L Mossbauer was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1961. Within a decade (GRS) became a standard tool, with applications in Physics, Chemistry, Metallurgy, Mineralogy, Geology, and Biology. I DECREASING % TZMMATURC A- Figure 1. Increased overlap of source and absorber line profiles, moved apart as a resuft of recoil, due to Doppler broadening vAth temperature. 11(p 4. Recoil NO b. DOPPI-V Lro"*4i.1 V. E. - U-4 tow-M % 0. R-OM... COL-10a Figure 2. Classical analogy of a boat firing a cannon in a choppy lake, then 'freezing the take., Approved For ReleasUNDCtASSIFIEWP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 12 Te c h n I c a I APopproosval d For Release 60(4LW/ t§jftgff96-00789R003100170001-9 The Mossbauer Effect is a quantum phenomenon. However, some of its basic characteristics may be easily understood through a classical analogy. The analogy developed by FraUenfelder In Ref. I is particularly apt. He likens the gamma ray source to a cannon firing at a target. The statistical spread of the impacts is the natural line width. If the cannon is firing from a boat, it vvill recoil so that the center of the impact distribution is shifted to a shorter range (lower value of energy for the gamma ray), as in Fig. 2a. Doppler broadening can be represented by placing the boat in a choppy sea. Since the aim is much less accurate, the distribution of impacts is broadened (Fig. 2b.). The Mossbauer Eff ect is made possible by 'freezing the lake,* so that recoil and Doppler broadening are eliminated (Fig. 2c). In the actual source and absorber, this is done by locking the atoms in a crystal lattice. Ir 01 To observe the Resonance Effect, we must change the energy of the gamma ray by a small amount. We can use the Doppler shift to our advantage. Instead of Doppler broadening, we can use a coherent Doppler shift, or Doppler modulation, by giving the entire source a known velocity. The line width of the source and the line width of the absorber overlap by a differenct amount for each velocity. It total transmission is plotted against velocity, the absorption curve will be observed to have a line width twice that of either source or absorber. (See Fig. 3). Emission Line Absorption Line CPO @@2r 2r I j Velocity Transmission spectrum Figure 3. Doubling of observed linewidth THEORY As was pointed out in the introduction, eliminating the recoil given to the nucleus by the emitted gamma ray Is the first prerequisite for the Mossbauer Effect. If the nucleus is initially at rest, its momentum after emission is = _Py Pn =Ey / C. The recoil energy imparted to the nucleus by the leaving gamma ray is then EY2 2 ER=Pnl2M . 2Mc2 Here M is the mass of the nucleus. For a gamma ray of 14.4 keV, this recoil energy is 2 X 10" eV. To explain the Resonance Effect, we must not use the mass of the nucleus in equation 1, but the mass of the crystal to which the nucleus is bound. This recoil free process is also demonstrated in X-rays by the Bragg reflection from a crystal. The recoil energy then becomes vanishingly small. The binding energy plays a very important role in the Mossbauer Effect. If the recoil energy E@ is larger than the binding energy, the recoil-free process will not take place. Thermal vibrations due to higher temperature can also destroy the recoil-free emission and absorption. Equation (1) therefore places limits on when the Mossbauer effect will take place. We must have a solid or very large molecule so that Et becomes vanishingly small, and the gamma ray energy must be low so that Ef, is LESS THAN THE BINDING ENERGY OF THE NUCLEUS. Many Isotopes have shown the Mossbauer Effect, but Fe" has the best properties for our purpose. The source used for Fe" Resonance spectroscopy is Ce?, with the radio-active decay scheme and the corresponding radiation emitted by this source is shown in figure 3. Cobalt has a positive nuclear charge of 27. The nucleus captures an electron, to reduce the charge to 26, and balances the energy by emitting three gamma rays, 14.4 keV, 122 keV, and 136 keV. The electron capture leaves a hole in the elctron shell, which is promptly filled producing 6.3 keV and lower energy X-rays. The 14.4 keV gamma ray shown in the energy level diagram of figure 4 is used in Approved For Release 2df4ef%§W096-00789ROO3100170001-9 13 Technical 104ppawd For Release ttMOUAISSIF[EIRP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 1$7 A 5 keV .7064 57 Co (mdioactive, tl,,2 = 270 days) ELECTRON CAPTURE 981 3/Z- 0.3668 5/, t (1/2) 10- sec (1,12) - 98 n sec 4@ 90% INTERNAL CONVERSION 112-- 10 MAKOV y.ray r IMIN.W ca@t,m E1VCVM2 3 %A K" A.9w firctreg 9 3 mv X-MY t"812 /0110-iV IAC #'ZwdfAm a/tAr "Fe &urim. sAdnamV Me miathe 101 GRS Rambe'i elpholom and flocinkW pmahmid Cobalt-57 Decay Scheme the Mossbauer Effect. The 122 keV transition does not go to the ground state, and the 136 keV gamma ray is too energetic for a usable effect. The line shape of the recoil free 14.4 keV radiation is a Lorentzian profile, or L (x) A ; X= E-Eo 2 +X2 r Where Eo is the gamma ray energy and r is the haffwidth. The haltwidth or line width can be calculated from the uncertainty principle, and the lifetime of the excited state. The uncertainty principle states that 0.13632 ill 891 0.01439 AE* AT =h 3 Where 1h is Planck's constant divided by 2 7r. The lifetime of the 14.4 keV level can be determined by measuring the 1.4 X 10"7 second delay between the 122 keV and 14.4 keV radiation, because the lifetime of the 122 keV level is 50 times shorter than that of the 14.4 keV level. This corresponds to a line vvidth of 4.670 X 10'9 eV. The resolution required to observe this line is E@r or about 1012. To distinguish this narrow band of recoil free radiation from non-recoil free radiation using a gamma detector is hopeless, since the detectors have at the best a 10% resolution. Gamma ray Approved For Releas4MOLMgSI(FifEFWP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 14 Technical PA"Wiliarlbd For ReleaseUbWbAISSUREOP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 spectrometers using a diffracting crystal can do a thousand times better, but this still leaves a factor of 1 (@. However, we can use the source and absorber technique with the Doppler effect. This time we do not raise the temperature, but move either the source or the absorber at various velocities. The Doppler effect is given by V =Vo (1+ V 4 'a Where v. Is the transition frequency of the stationary absorber and v the frequency of the source moving at a velocity v. I q Figure 5. Electric Quadrupole Splitting (a) Electric Monopole (EO) which results in the isomer shift (Fig. 5) and originates in the Coulomb potential between the nucleus and the surrounding electron cloud. Since the chemical valence is determined partially by the number of electrons associated with the iron, there is a strong relation between the isomer shift and valence state. See Experiment 1. M1 I Olue 1 2 I 2 Re-writing equation 4, V =V O+Vo V and AV =v -vo=VO V C or @v ,AE = v 5 VO EO C Since E = lhv. E. is the basic transition energy, 14.4 keV. If we use the values for '@re, the velocity required to shift the line by one line width is 0.191 mrn/sec. Plotting the count rate as a function of velocity gives the familiar absorption pattern, as shown in figure 5. The recoil-free emission and absorption was not the only surprise of this new effect. When an iron foil was used for an absorber, a six line absorption pattern as in figure 6 was observed and identified as a nuclear Zeeman effect brought about by the iron's internal magnetic field. Iron compounds used for absorbers gave a variety of spectra, and the simple energy level diagram of figure 4 could no longer explain the observed results. There were other interactions (forces) present, previously completely obscured. With the ultra precise energy measuring capability of the Mossbauer Effect it was possible to determine the energy and derive the nature of these interactions. For this analysis we must first look at the nucleus and its electron cloud. There are three electron-nuclear (hyperline) interactions: 2 Splitting Figure 6. Magnetic splitting of nuclear levels. (Nuclear Zeeman Effect). .1 2 -7 2 Approved For ReleasUpt("SISIF*IPP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 15 V2 I Isomar Shift Qu&&"Pale splitting Ir T 26-- 2 1 04wr Bally. Technical F)(pP9@9bd For Release UNii"$,SMY"96-00789ROO3100170001-9 (b) Electric Quadrupole (112).which generates the quadrupole splittiiig observed in iron spectra as a typical doublet liR'e'-pattern (Fig. 5). The asymmetry in the electron cloud forces the nucleus to align itself either with or across the electric field gradient, allowing two possible energy states. See Experiment 3. (c) Magnetic dipole (MI) with the typical six line pattern of the nuclear Zeeman effect. For Fe5' the nuclear spin is W with the four possible energy states of 1,tt, tti, n.L and 14.4 spin states of the excited state and t or 4 for the ground state, resulting in a possible six transitions. (Fig. 6) The magnitude of the magnetic field at the nucleus determines the separation of the six line pattern. For iron metal this corresponds to a magnetic field at the nucleus of 331.5 kGauss. See Experiment 4. INSTFILIMENTATION The GR spectrometer is a computer based instrument. The computer collects the daM processes the data for storage on a diskette and display on the video screen. The data is analyzed by the computer using a least square fitting routine. To understand the operation of the spectrometer, we will follow the gamma ray from its detection to the display of its presence on the monitor. When the y ray enters the detector, the Krypton gas is ionized into electrons and positive ions, the number of !on pairs depends on the gamma ray. energy. The electrons move toward the positively charged wire in the center of the detector, and after gaining energy they ionize more atoms, and the cascade process produces a pulse of electrical charge at the wire, which is converted to a voltage pulse by a charge sensitive amplifier. In this way electronic pulses whose voltages are proportional to gamma ray energy are produced. Gamma rays of a certain energy are detected, and those of higher and lower energy ignored, by comparing the voltage pulses to an upper voltage level and lower voltage level in a circuit known as a discriminator. Those pulses that cross the lower level (LLD) but not the upper level (ULD) are registered. In order to measure the gama ray energy spectrum, the discriminator window defined by LLD and ULD is swept over a range, in a process known as pulse height analysis (PHA). In practice, the window is repetitively incremented through 1024 positions. Each of these 1024 positions has a counter, known as a channel, which counts the gamma rays that pass the discriminator while the window is in that position. Thus, as the discriminator window is swept over a range of energies, an energy spectrum is accumulated. It is transferred to the computer, where it is stored and displayed graphically. The energy calibration of the spectrometer is then achieved from the channel peak positions of known energies. To measure the gamma ray resonance spectrum, we need to obtain count rate as a function of doppler velocity. In order to improve signal to noise ratio in the spectrum, the discriminator is no longer swept, but set to recognize only the 14.4 KeV gamma rays. The velocity is cyclically swept, and each of the 1024 channels counts those gamma rays emitted at a certain velocity. Over time a spectrum is accumulated, as the statisticaJ fluctuations due to the random nature of radioactive decay average out, and the count rates corresponding to different velocities become more accurate. SERVO-AMP d - DAC I ULD I PH& n=A= MCS MB COUIRM IXIC INTERFAM 286 ca@s= Figure 7. Block diagram of spectrometer Approved For Releastffif;[N$Blf3fMP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 16 Technical PAPPMObd For ReleaseUNCiMSWARDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 A block diagram of the spectrometer is shown in figure 7. The data from the memory in the MS.- 1500 is transferred to the computer via DMA (direct memory access). The interface control translates the computer key board functions to adjust the High Voltage power supp@ (HVPS), the gain of the proportional counter pulse amplifier, the upper and lower discriminator, the Doppler velocity amplitude, and the selection of GRS or GS and PHA or PHS. The interface control also has additional ports for temperature control and frequency generator for the advanced experiments. Generally, 30% transmission should be used for an initial trial, as judged from the pulse height spectrum. This should also give a good measure of the Compton scattering which is hard to calculate for different absorbers. The 14.4 KeV peak should be at least 20% above the background, in the pulse height spectrum. Too thick an absorber will cause line broadening, as shown in Experiment 1 (Ref. 2. pp. 32-33). Position of the absorber is not critical, although if the Comption scattering is large, the absorber should be placed closer to the source to minimize inverse-square-law distortions. Ex erimental Techniques The absorbers supplied with the spectrometer are encapsulated in plastic. Optimum thickness is a function of three factors: the atomic absorption, the number of Mossbauer nuclei per unit area, apd the production of scattered radiation bythe absorber. The attenuation of the absorber can be expressed as T/xo=e(-A/P) W) 6 where p/p is the mass absorption coefficient in cm@lg, and px is the absorber thickness in g/CM2 The attenuation coefficient for 14.4 KeV gamma rays; is given in Fig. 8. lee too 140 120 100 90 - 40 49 20 410 Fe 0 10 20 30 40 60 70 Be Figure 8. Attenuation coefficient for 14.4keV gamma radiation as a function of element. Many materials are suitable for mounting absorbers. Plexiglass, and polyethylene are most suitable, If their iron content is low. Clear plastic tape is convenient for quickly mounting a powder sample - simply sprinkle the powder onto the sticky surface. Samples in solution may be allowed to dry on filter paper. Samples may be mixed with epoxy and cast between two glass plates which have been previously coated with silicon release compound. In all cases, a mount without the sample should also be prepared, to measure its attenuation. Foils, thin films, and paper samples may be mounted in standard 2 X 2 inch cardboard slide mounts for convenience in handling. EXPERIMENTS 1. Uncertainty Principle Measurement of 1h Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle states that any measurement to determine the energy of system requires at least a time AE* T 7 or the finite life time of the excited state means a given line width r of the emitted radiation, or -rr The lifetime of the excited state has been measured at 98 n see. We now can calculate Approved For ReleasU:NQ)LQ4MIMODP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 17 Technical ftpwA*d For Release ON(W$StPMC)P96-00789ROO3100170001-9 from a careful measurement of the line width r of the resonant line, and make corrections for the experimental conditions; a. Line Broadening Increasing the thickness of the iron absorber not only reduces the intensity of transmitted gamma rays by I.V-st but broadens the transmitted linewidth. It can be shown that the effective thickness of the absorber becomes: T-f.naaj, 9 where fa = fraction of recoil free y rays in absorber n = number of atoms per unit area (cm@ in the path cr, = absorption cross section (15 x 10"' cm2 for iron) a natural abundance (.0217 for iron) t thickness (cm) The fraction of effect then becomes: N@-No 48 (101 N.-B where N.= transmission intensity off resonance No transmission intensity for absorption B non-Mossbauer transmission intensity (background) 1. = fraction of recoil free y rays from source Background in this case should be mea.ured with the source and aN absorbers in place as when taking the spectrum, but with the aperture in the Proportional Counter tube's lead shield covered with a piece of 1/8 inch aluminum or 1/4 inch plexiglass. The amount of line broadening is then given by r,=(2 + 0.27T) r,,,. To obtain IP natural, plot the line width of the 4 single line absorbers against the T of these absorbers contaising various concentrations of iron. Use I, = .9 for the source and f, 0.6 for the absorber. b. The Cosine Effect Since the Doppler shift is defined by U-U - @, + @cl C AE v Cos 0 12 C_ CaJculate the maximum error in the line width measurement from the geometry of one experiment. 2. Debve Temoerature The Mossbauer Effect maf be explained by means of the uncertainty principle. The wave function of an atom in a crystal is limited to a region of space AX. It has an uncertainty in momentum of iVAX. It IVAX of the atom is larger than the momentum hK of the y-ray, there is a possibility of absorbing the recoil without changing the state of the atom. The condition for a large fraction of recoilless emission is x A X < 1. The probability of finding the lattice in the same state after emission is _+ j I G > 1 2 13 I is the wave function of the lattice, fc the wave vector of the gamma-ray and 9 the position of the emitting atom. If the initial states are occupied with probability, gG in thermal equilibrium, then the fraction of recoilless emission is f(t) 9 < G I ex+- G G tK ,]I G >12 [14] Approved For Releas4jnooAgSW~MP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 IS Technical PAPPRAd For Release MOLASSMEROP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 For a harmonic Solid the probability of recoilless emission or absorption is given by exp v?< x! > T ], where ik is the wave vector of the gamma-ray, and < X 2 > T Is the mean square displacement < > T denoting thermal average. If the Debye model is used to describe the solid, then nucleus. The,transitions between these levels are then given by V 171 EWE. 1 + - ut,-H P.M.-p9mg , I C 1 1. /9 E . j Tj f. Out T 15 i?<,x2> T - 3-:L 1/4 xdx el - where eD is called the Debye temperature. Thus, if the nuclear transition is of low energy and it the Debye temperature of the crystal is high, then the probability for recoilless emission or absorption is high. The recoil free fraction, f-e - < X1 > /;L2 and _@ E 're ii TC E, 3 Ir 2 T2 16 ] + 2 f-e K001 @ 6D I Calculate the Debye temperature for the absorber used in experiment 1. 3. Electric Quadrupole S121itting The absorber furnished for this experiment gives a well resolved doublet. Measure the quadrupole splitting, isomer shift and line width. 4. MAGNETIC DIPOLE SPLITTING: NUCLEAR ZEEMAN EFFECT IN IRON Fe" foil, because of its high intrinsic magnetic field, is the most convenient sample for observing the Nuclear Zeeman Effect. Run a Mossbauer Spectrum with sufficient velocities (± 8 mnVsec) to observe all six absorption lines. (See rig. 6) The ground state in Fe" foil, with total spin 1. 112, is split into two levels of m. = ± 1/2 by the magnetic field H. The excited state, with 1,, = 312, is split into four levels of m, = ± 1/2, ± 312. The displacement of each sublevel is given by AE = -,uHmA, where p = nuclear magnetic moment, and H = internal magnetic field at the with the limitation of the selection rule that Am 0, ± 1. E', takes into account the isomer shift, since the six line spectrum does not center on zero velocity. The nuclear magnetic moments of the ground state and excited state arep, and p, respectively. Of the four variables H, and the velocity calibration of the apparatus, two can be determined H the other two are known. In particular, If p. and velocity calibration are known, H and p. can be calculated. H is given by the equation above. /j, is calculated from the sublevel displacement. AE-E,'--jjHM11. Z Taking AV,= Ve - V,, as the difference in velocity between the last two absorption lines and substituting I = X2, and m = 3/2, 1/2, we find AV E. -1 - 213 ji. H For the lower level, C Av2= v, - v3 both originating from the m = t1/2 upper level). Then . A V2 E. C 2jugH. 18 Eliminating E,, H, and c between the two equations, then Avi - . [ 19 AV2 has been measured to be 0.0903 :L- .0007 nuclear magnetons. Velocity calibration-of the apparatus may be achieved by measuring the separation of the outermost two lines. The intrinsic magnetic field of Fe" at the nucleus is 331.5 Kilogauss. From the Zeeman splitting, calculated the following: a. magnetic moment of the excited state b. calibration of the spectrometer Approved For ReleAJ&4Cd3PASIFWA3RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-919 Technical HAppmabd For ReleaseU&i(DiMSMWP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 c. line width and amplitude of the resonant lines 5. Antiferromagnetism Test the sample provided with a bar magnet, and notice that the material is not magnetic. Set the velocity range to ± 8 mm/sec, and take a spectrum. a. Explain the presence of a magnetic dipole spectrum b. Measure the magnetic field, quadrupole splitting and isomer shift. using Mossfit, for a. Magnetic, quadrupole and isomer shift .Jor each valence state. . . 4-3 b. 'Assign these parameters to the Fe" and Fe sites. If-you have a problem with the interpretation or assigning the resonance lines, use the NiFe.O. absorber, the resonance lines, use here the Fe" lines are missing. Ref erences 6. The Iron Phosphide Paradox Again, test the sample provided with a bar magnet, and use a velocity range of ± 8 mrn/sec. a. explain the spectrum b. analyze the data c. What could be done to change the spectrum? 01 1. L May, ed., An Introduction to Mossbauer SDectroscopy, New York, 1971 (An excellent general reference) 2. H. Frauenfelder, The Mossbauer Effect, New York, 1962 (Contains reprints of many of the classical papers on the subject). 3. L May and J. J. Spijkerman, @Mossbauer Spectroscopy,, Chemistry, 40 (14 - 17). 1967. 7. Polarization of Y-ravs The Mossbauer spectrum of iron, seen in experiment 4, changes when the iron sample is magnetized- - that is, when all the magnetic moments are polarized in one d"Irection. The two samples provided are magnetically polarized parallel and perpendicular to the beam. From the theory given in experiment 4, a. Calculate the line intensities for a parallel and perpendicular magnetic field. b. Add the intensities of a, and give the resulting Spectrum. REFERENCES: Experiments A. J. Bearden and P. L Mattern, Am J. Phys. 3, 109-19(1964), eMossbauer-Eff ect Apparatus for an Advanced Undergraduate Teaching Laboratory.' N. Benczer-Koller and R. H. Herber, 'Experimental Methods,8 in Chemical Applications of Mossbauer Spectroscopy, edited by V. 1. Goldanskii and R. H. Herber (Academic Press, New York, 1968), pp 114-58. 8. Oxidation States Theclassical question of the iron's valence state in Fe.0, is given a decisive answer by GRS- the observed absorption curve shows two superimposed iron spectra, one with an isomer shift corresponding to a valence of +2, the other corresponding to a valence of +3. The Fe +3 spectrum has twice the magnitude of the other, thus showing that two of the iron atoms have valences of +3, and one has a valence of +2. Record the spectrum, and analyze the data, J. W. Klein and H. Faatz, GIT Fachz. Lab. 13. 741-4 (1969), 'Aufbau eines; industriellen Mossbauer-Spektrometers., H. Yamamoto, Kinzoku 6, 49-56 (1969). lInstruments for Mossbauer Effect Measurements.0 J. J. Spijkerman, 'Conversion Electron Mossbauer Spectroscopy! in Mossbauer Effect Methodology (Seventh Symposium on Mossbauer Eff ect Methodology, New York City. January 31, 1971) Approved For Release lj"GIAI; SMIKP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 20 Technical PAQjpnWed For Releasom"PLF11F QP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 edited by Irwin J. Gruverman (Plenum Press. New York. 1971). Vol. 7. pp 85-96. G. M. Kalvius and E. Kankeleit, 'Recent improvements in Instrumentation and Methods of Mossbauer Spectroscopy,* In Mossbauer Spectroscopy and Its Applications. (Proc. of Panel, Venna, May 24-28, 1971) edited by (Int. Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1971), pp 9-88. E. Kankelelt, 'Some Technical Developments in Mossbauer Spectroscopy,N in Proceedings International Conference on Mossbauer Spectroscopy. (international Conference on Mossbauer Spectroscopy, Cracow, Poland, August 25-30, 1975) edited by A. Z. Hrynkiewicz and J. A. Sawicki (Wykonano W. Powielarni Akad. Gorniczo-Hutniczej, Cracow, 1975). Vol 2, pp 43-58. G. K. Shenoy and F. E. Wagner. 'The Measurement of Isome(Shifts,6 in Mossbauer Isomer Shifts, edited by G. K. Shenoy and F. E. Wagner (North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1978), pp 49-110. R. N. Kuz'min and A. A. Opalenko, Prib. Tekh. Eksp. 7-16(1981), 'Methods for Generating and Measuring Pressure in Mossbauer Experiments! G. Longworth, Stud. Phys. Theor. Chem. 25, 122-58(1983), oInstrumentation for Mossbauer Spectroscopy! A. Deriu, *Methodology of Mossbauer Spectroscopy.' in Proceedings of the School on Applications of Nuclear Gamma Resonance Spectroscopy (Mossbauer Spectroscopy) (Applications of Nuclear Gamma Resonance Spectroscopy, ICIP, Trieste, Italy, August 11-16, 1986) edited by N. S. Eissa and G. Denardo ONorld Scientific Publishing Go., Pie. Ltd., Singapore, 1988) pp 65-100. R. Nagarajan, Indian J. Pure Appl. PhYs. 27. 393-406 (1989), 'Instrumentation for Mossbauer Spectroscopy.' SLIDES 1. PROPORTIONAL COUNTER DESIGN AND CHARACTERISTICS CURVE 2. C05' ENERGY LEVEL DIAGRAM AND INTERNAL CONVERSION 4. X-RAY ABSORPTION AND ABSORPTION EDGES 5. X-RAY FLUORESCENCE 6. COMPTON EFFECT THEORY AND COMPTON SPECTRUM 7. DOPPLER EFFECT AND GRS 8. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF GAMMA RESONANCE SPECTROMETER 9. RECOIL FREE EMISSION AND ABSORPTION, OVERLAP INTEGRALS, CURVE PITTING 10. LINE BROADENING THEORY 11. UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE 12. THE DEBYE TEMPERATIJRE 13. THE GRS PARAMETERS 14. MAGNETIC SPLITTING, CLEBSCH-GORDON COEFRAND SELECTION RULES 15. MAGNETIC POLARIZATION 16. MAGNETIC MATERIALS; FERROMAGNETIC, ANTIFERROMAGNETIC, RELAXATION 17. CURIE AND NEEL TEMPERATURES 18. FM MODULATION OF GAMMA RAYS 19. CONVERSION ELECTRON GRS 20. REFRACTIVE INDEX OF PLASTIC MEASURED BY GRS M. L Alexandrov and V. P. Andreev, Fresenius Z Anal. Chem. 335, 2-8(1989), 'Some Aspects of Analytical Instrumentation: Models, Techniques, Instruments.' Approved For Release 20UNiDtAaf'AtliMR-00789ROO3100170001-9 21 Technical p48p6qb(pd For ReleaseUlWb"$tFArPMP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 V1. RESUMES (U) (U) This section includes only those resumes that were not included in the original proposal. Approved For Release 20OUNJ&kv4fPASERP-00789ROO3100170001-9 22 ,@UM VITAE CUR@'ICW @ c Approved or e ease 2003/0APU NAME: Byron Wm. Brown, Jr. BORN: MARITAL STATUS: June 10, 1991 00170001-9 SGFOLA3 OFFICE Department of Health Research and Policy, Division of ADDRESS: Biostatistics, HRP, Room 114C@ Stanford, CA 94305-5092 Phone: (415) 723-5687 HOME ADDRESS: EDUCATION: University of Minnesota B.A. 1952 Major: Mathematics University of Minnesota M.A. 1955 Major: Statistics University of Minnesota Ph.D. 1959 Major: Biostatistics Minor: Mathematics ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS: Assistant Professor, Biometry Division University of Minnesota 1959-1961 Associate Professor, Biometry Division University of Minnesota 1961-1965 Professor and Head, Biometry Division Director of Graduate Study in Biometry University of Minnesota 1965-1968 Professor and Head, Division of Biostatistics Stanford University, California 1968- Acting Chairman, Department of Family, Community and Preventive Medicine 1975-1976, Stanford University 1984 Chairman, Department of Health 1988- Research and Policy Stanford University brown/cv 1991 SGFOIA3 SGFOIA3 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Approved_For RelpaRf 39M04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 L,u ricu Byron Wm. Brown, Jr. Ir u RECOGNITION AND HONORS: B.A. magna cum laude, Univ, of Minnesota Phi Beta Kappa; Sigma Xi Fellow, American Statistical Association Fellow, Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science Who's Who in America; Dictionary of International Biography Statistics Section Award, American Public Heaith Assn., 1983 International Institute of Statistics Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS: American Statistical Association Institute of Mathematical Statistics Biometric Society American Heart Association American Association fo.r-the Advancement of Science 2 Approved For Release 2003/04/18: CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Approved For Release 2mmkiltlhgJ*P96-00789ROO3100170001 -9 GARY PANDALL FUJIMOTO, M.D. AddreW: DwIslon of occupiational Med1cine pajo Alto Medical ;;0tjnjation @00 H=er Avenue 301 SGFOIA3 Date of SirtK, PRIEUNT P-031TIM.' 04f88 -- present Medical Director, OcCuoationai Medicine DeDartment, Health Care Division, 0-alo Alto Medical Fourdation. Miedical Director - Travel Medicine Clinic, Pab Alto Medical Foundation, Palo A! to, CA. Ar@AQEMIC_ 6PPOINTM ENTS: 1991 - present t in :>i v, Med4C81 Center Lanford Univers'll[V t ., Stanford, CA 967 - present Assistant C11 Inical Proffessor of Medicine, L*pwr.ment orl"edlclr@e, 5ahool ur MedIcIne, Unlver5ity of California, Sari Francisco, CA 1967-- 1989 C1 In! cal instructor @ n Medicine, Department of Medicine 5tani,ora,inwersity iiewcw center, 5tanr-1-4 cA 1986.- 1988 Associate CMIeT, UIVISIon Of Occupational Mealcinu wx! Employee Health Services, Santa Clara Valley Medfcal Center, Sm Jose, CA I 9B5 .- 1987 Assistant Clinical Professor OT Med)CIne, Department or Medicine, University of California Md1cal Center, San Diego, CA 1983- 1985 Clinical Instructor of t1edicine, Department wrmaicine, Univers! ty of Califomia Medical Center, San Diego, CA 1983 - !, 9015 Post-Doctoral Scholar, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of MedicIne, UniversIty of Cal, J f om,,a mew ca; Center, San Dieco.. CA I 11CENSING AND CERTIFICATION: 1980 G43075 Medical License. State of Cai!fomla 1980 AFQ486867 DEA Registratior nur-,@)er 11983 018C)"100 Board certified. American Board of Internal Medicine 1990 -Z?406 Board certif led, American Board of Preventive rledicIne (Occupatlonal, Medicine) Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 rurf6i!^uh TIM Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 %_ @- I. -vitae PW TWO C7ary R, Fujimoto, M.D. A 4 gall _ , .983 Medic3l Chief ReSident Gener-al internal P%alclne, Department or Medicine, University Of CalifOrDlat1ed1cal Center, 3an Dlego, CA 1980- 1982 Medical ReSident Department or Medicine, University of California Medical Center, San Diego. CA 1979- 1980 Medical Intern: Department of Medicine, University of California Medical center, San Diego, CA 1975- 1979 Medical School: M,D.: Albert, Einstein College of Med1cine, Bronx, N.Y. 1971 - ',973 College B.A.: Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH JQN0R& 1970, !Ya Pubir, Mqmrr1P,,) Award in Pulmonary Mem'lclne, Al@elr't' Efnsteln Colleqe of Meftine ?"J@ 7 5 Honors at graduation, Oberlin College -CQNSULTANT- FQ_FL Raychem Corporation, Stanford University, Stanford University MedIC31 Center, Alza Corporation, SySternix Corporation, DNAX Corporatli on, Failure Analysis Stanford Research Insititute, Californila Blotechniogy, City of Palo Alto, Menlo Park Fire Protection District, City of Sunnyvale Fire Department -Hazardous Materlals Teams, City of Mountain View Fire Department-Hazardous Materials Teams RE,M'ED ACT I 1989 medical Advisor, Santa Clara County Infectious Waste TasK Force 1988 medical Adv1sor - HlV/Hepat1t1s 8 Exposures Arnong Health Care workers, Santa Clara Valley MedlIcal Center -,Infection Control 50commlttee ,957 - pr sent membe'-, Environmenta" and PublIc Health Advisory com.mittee.. Santa Ciam County Medical Society, San Jose.. CA 966 memter,. Specialty Consultant Panel, Central-Coast. Cot-intles Regionall Polson Center, San Jose, CA @957 - C355 Corajltant, Subcommittee on the HealtP, Ef fects of Ref use- Derived Energy.. AmerIcan Lung.Assoclation of San Diego and Approved For Re14WWcWWt4P CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Curriculum Vitae Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Gary R. FuJ4,moto, M.D. Page Three RFLAI "D ACTIVI TIES Scont,InUed) 1986 Chairman, Subcommittee on the Health EffeCts Of Refuse- Derivpd Fnprfjy, Arnerir;n I jjng A&eWj;3tjon of San Diego and Imperial Countles 1984- 1986 Medlcal Director, County Medical Services Program, University of California, San Diego Medical Center 1983- 1986 Occupational and fnternal Medleine ConWlt2nt and Attending Physician, Beach Area Community Health Center, Sw Diego, CA 1962- 1986 Occupational Mclicine ConsUlt2rit, AMertcan Lung ASSOciation of San Diego and Imperial Counties 3QQEj-1ES AND PROFESSIONAL ASSO.Cl-AT-1-0 Western Occupational ttdiclne Association American OCCUPational Medical Association Santa Clam Cowty Medical Society American College of Physici" American Public Healtn Association, Occupational Health Section Arneri,can Lung Association of 3an Diego and Imperial Counties, Occupational and Environmental Health Committee CallrorrilafleOcal Association RESEAR_CR ACTLYIIIF5w 1952 - Present Acute and chronic effects or fire f Ighting amung Sw D i egu r it V ffghtem. (Princloal investigator) J, !983- 1985 C] fntcal research on new antlhyoertenstve medications - MK 256 (a Lricosuric 04uretic) and tlapamll (a calcium channei blocker). A double Ond clinical inve5tigation. Paul Jagger, M.D. (Principal investigator) 05/78 Participation in a stucly OT the Michigan population exposea to polybrominated b1ohenyls (PBB's). Munt Sinai School of Medicine, Environmental 5erviceS Laboratory. Irvingi. Selikoff, M.D. 06-08/78 Research on the chemical hazards in the Dharmaceutical industry. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, and the OR, Che-mical and Atomic Worker's Union Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 4(* TrTAI- PA3;:-n04 Curri cul u in vitae Approved For Release 2003104118 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Gary R. Fujimoto, M.D. Page Four RESEA11CH AG-TIVIIIES (continued) 06-08/75 study or asbestos-related disease of the gastrointestinal tracts and lungs of inClividuhis "m Duluth, Minnesota, Mount 31nal, Sehool of Medicine, EnvIronmenta) sciences Laboratory. Irving J. 5elikoff, M.D. 1974- 1975 Senior Honors Thesis (Oberlin Colle@p) on the biological ef fects of asbestos fiber (gross and electromtcroscopic pathology) on the gastrointestinal tracts of mice. Oberlin College,. Department of Biology, Dr. Anna P. Brummett, ChatrTnan, Department of 131ology 015-0/74 Errectb or rwat and chemical eVosvres among woMem in the rubber 1:1 re Industry. HwVard School of Publ i c Heal tN john rL Peters, MD. 06-013173 5tuay or pulmonary disease assoctal.W wltl) asbestos exposure (electromicroscopic pathology). Mount 31nal School of meoicine, Env Ironmemal 5cl ences Laboratory, livingi. Selikoff, M. 06-08/72 Occupational hazards In the newspaper Industry. Intemational minting PreSSMen-G Wa ASSIStantV Union PUBLICAILm- Edited Chapter by Graef, J.W. and Lovejoy, F.M., Jr.: Heavy Metal Poisoning. in Harrison's Principles of Internal Medic Ine. I I th Ed. 1986. Fujimoto, G,R., McQuadt@, S.F., and Ramsdell. J.W., Eds.: 0-rug PrICIngManual. UCSD -PublIcatlons 1983. Fujirnvto, G.R., Eckert, C-AL, and Harrison, RJ.: Undergraduate Training In Occupational Health, 0S-afety-anrlHoWtha@nposla, 1,978. DHEWNIOSH)PublirationNo.80- 105, 151-153. 10/91 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 CURRICULUM VITAE February 1985 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 SGFOIA3 EDUCATION: Years School Location 1957-61 Boston University Boston, Mass. 1961-62 Loma Linda University Los Angeles, Calif. Rotating Internship White Memorial Hospital 1963-66 University of California at Los Angeles Psychiatric Residency PROFESSIONAL TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE: 1956-57 Research Assistant Maos-9achusetts General'Hospital Harvard Medical School 1962-63 General Praotice Kaiser Permanente (Compton Clinic') 1963-66 Member, Neuroendocrine Clinic and Diabetic Retinopathy Clinicr UCLA 1965-66 Postdoctoral Fellowship Award USPHS MH-6415 Brain Research Institute, UCLA 1966-present Member, Brain Research Institute, UCLA 1966-71 Assistant Professor in Residence, Dept. of Psychiatry,,School of Medicine, UCLA; Assistant Research Psychiatrist, BRI, UCLA 1972 Associate Professor in Residence, Dept. of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, UCLA 1973-77 Joint Appointment: Associate Professor in Residence, Computer Science Dept., School of Engineering, UCLA 1977-present Joint Appointments: Professor in Residence, Dept. of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Computer Science Dept., School of Engineering, UCLA 1978-present Joint Appointment: Professor in Residence, Dept. of Anesthesiologyr School of Medicine, UCLA Boston, Mass. Degree M.D. Los Angeles, Calif. Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 UNIVERSITY 2003104118: CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Data Processing Laboratory Advisory Committee Telemetry Consultant to Brain Research Institute Mountain Campus Committee Representative for the Dept. of Psychiatry on Mental Health Training Program Committee Mental Health Training Program Subcommittees on Budget and Education Brain Research Institute Committee on Future of Brain Research Institute The Next Ten Years Brain Research Institute Committee for BRI 10th Anniversary Hospital, Intensive Care Committee Appointment and Promotion Committee, Dept. of Psychiatry (two years) , Ad Hoc Committees CONSULTATION SERVICES: a. Consultant to Dept. of Urology, University of Rochester, School of Medicine, for hyperbaric research b. EEG Consultant to NASA for Biosatellite III Program, 1967 to present c. Consultant to AMPEX Corporationt Redwood City, California, for advanced EEG research d. Consultant to Alza Corporation, Stanford, California, on computer analysis of EEG data e. Consultant to Committee on Space Research (COSPAR), on space terminology f. Consultant to Jet Propulsion Laboratory Biomedical Group on the use of ultrasonics g. Consultant to the Behavioral Research Foundation, St. Kitts, British West Indies, on animal telemetry systems h. Consultant to the Behavioral Science Foundation i. Consultant to the Sleep Laboratory at the Southern California Neuropsychiatric Institutet La Jolla, California j. Consultant to Assessment Systems, Incorporated, Houston, Texas k. Consultant to the Sleep Disorders Clinic (John Andrews, M.D.), Provo, Utah 1. Consultation service to the N.I.H. Neurology Study Section (sleep) HONORS: 1957-61, Leopold Schepp Foundation Scholar (in medical school) 1957-58 Johnson Wax Foundation Scholar Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Approved For?fkftft 21kq3/WftL)MAfpDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 curriculum Vitae PERSONAL DATA VMrArr'rnm B.S.# California Institute of Technology, 1964. (Biology) Ph.D. Yale University, 1968. (Psychology) VnQTTTnMQ SGFOIA3 Professor of -ONeurosciences, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego (U.C.S.D.) 1980 - present Lecturer through AssociAte Professor, Department of Neurosci- ences, U.C.S.D. 1968-1980 USPHS Traineeship at Yale University in Physiological Psychol- ogy with Robert Galambos. 1964-1968 J Research Assistant at Caltech in Psychobiology with C.R. Hamil- ton and R.W. Sperry. 1963-1964 TEACHING AREAS Basic Medical Neurology Sensory Processes: Neurophysiology of Vision and Audition Human Information Processing: Attention and Perception Psychophysiology Neuropsychology HONORS and AWARDS Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science MERIT Award from National Institute of Mental Health UCSD Neurosciences Department outstanding Teacher Award Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-92 ADVISORY AND REVIEW PANELS NIMH Study Section: Mental Health Small Grant Committee, 1976-1980. NIMH Study Section: Neurosciences Research Review Committee, 1986-1990. Advisory Council: International Association for the Study of Attention and Performance 1978-1983; 1985-present. Advisory Panel to NIMH Neurosciences Research Branch. 1982-1983. EDITORIAL BOARDS Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 1977-present. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 1988-present. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1974-1979; 1985-1988. consciousness and Cognition, 1990-present. SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS American Association for the Advancement of Science. Society for Neuroscience GRANTS AND CONTRACTS Principal Investigator: NIMH 2 R01 MH 25594. "Electrophysio- logical Studies of Selective Perception." 1974-1995. Principal Investigator: Sloan Foundation Grant B1980-35. "Event-Related Brain Potentials and Semantic Processing". 1980- 1982. Co-Principal Investigator (with M. Kutas): NSF BNS 80-05525. "Semantic Processing and Event-Related Brain Waves." 1980-1986. Principal Investigator: NINCDS 1PO1 NS17778. "Event-Related Potentials and Cognition: Program in Cognitive Neuroscience" Cor- nell Medical School (M.S. Gazzaniga, Program Head) 1982-1994. Principal Investigator: office of Naval Research Contract, N00014-86-K-0291. "Electrophysiological Studies of Visual Atten- tion and Resource Allocation." 1986-1992. Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Brief Curriculum Vitae, 1991 Robert B. Livingston,M.D. Education: Stanford University (AB, 1940); Stanford University School of Medicine (MD, 1944); (Residency, Internal Medicine [under Professor Arthur L. Bloomfield], Stanford University Hospitals, 1943-1945). Academic Appointments: Stanford University (Instructor in Pathology (under Alvin Cox], 1943-44); Yale University School of Medicine (Instructor to Assistant Professor of Physiology- (under John F. Fulton], 1946-52); (concurrently) Harvard Medical School (Assistant Professor of Psychiatry [under Harry Solomon], 1946-47); UCLA School of Medicine (Associate Professor to Professor of Anatomy and Physioloax [under H. W. Magoun and John Field], 1952-57); Adjunct Professor, Mid-Career Course, U.S. State Department, 1957-1964; Founding Chair, UCSD School of Medicine, Department of Neurosciences (Professor of Neurosciences, 1964-1989 [with Theodore H. Bullock, Robert Galambos, Reginald Bickford, John O'Brien, Marjorie Seybold, Fred Gage, Robert Terry, and Robert Katzman]; Guest Professor of Neurosciences, at the Hirnforschungsinstitut der Universittit Z0rich (under Konrad Akert], 1971-72). Science .CMsultant, [under His Holiness, the Dalai Lama], 1991--). [Airri of this academic career has been to investigate combinations of nervous and mental functions, using a variety of neuroanatomical, neurophysiological, behavioral and clinical techniques and disciplines.] Adtanced Training---: UniversIt6 de Gdn6ve (National Research Council Senior Fellow in Neurology, [under Oscar Wyss],1948-49); Universitfit ZQrich (ditto [under Walter Rudolph Hess], 1949); Colldge de France (Wilhelm B. Gruber Fellow in Neurology, [under Alfred Fessard], 1949-50); Oxford University (ditto [under F.S.C. Little and Paul Glees], 1950); Universitet G6teborg (US Public Health Service Senior Fellow in Neurology, [with Bo Gernandt and Holger Hyde'n], 1956); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Research Associate, Neurosciences Research Program, [under Francis 0. Schmitt], 1961-1973). Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 2 National Service: US Navy Medical Corps (Reserve), World War 11: [Established and directed the hospital for wounded Okinawans and Japanese POWs throughout the battle of Okinawa, (awarded U.S. Navy Bronze Star for this contribution), 1945]; ["Interpreter" for surrender of Japanese Army in North China, (U.S. Marine Corps needed people with even modest Chinese and Japanese language training), 1945]; [Chief, Medical Battalion Laboratory, 2nd Marine Division, Tiensin and Peking, throughout "Cease-Fire" between Kuomintang and Chinese Communists, 194.5-46]; U.S. Public Health Service representative -- First Life Sciences Committee, NASA, advisory for life support systems, safety, communication, selection of Astronauts, etc., 1958-63]. International Digiomatic Contributions: International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW), winner of 1985 Nobel Prize for F5eace, IPPNW Emissary [with Lars Engstedtj to Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Kuwait, Bahrian, and Saudi Arabia, to persuade Arab physicians to contribute internationally to prevention of nuclear war; IPPNW Ambgssador. to Tibetan Govern ment-in- Exile, Dharamsala, India. Contributed to three successive tutorials 1987, 1989, 1990 on Mind and LLte. [under Tenzin Gyatso, His Holiness, The Dalai Lama, winner of the 1989 Nobel Peace Prize],). Participant, two international diplomatic missions conducted by the Center for the Study of the Person [under Carl Rogers] in Rust, Austria, [with Gay Swensen after Roger's death] in San Jos(5, Costa Rica, [under President Arias], to establish dialogue between governments of Nicaragua and United States. Re,search Contributions: Neocortical representations of visceral functions in monkey and chimpanzee [with Ernest Sachs, Jr., Sam Brendler, and Jos6 Delgado]; Human frontal and cingulate cortical representations of visceral functions (with William P. Chapman, William H. Sweet, and Kenneth E. Livingston]; Plasticity of muscle synergy in humans [with Alfred Fessard, Jean Paillard, and Auguste Tourney]; Eye movements controlled by frontal eye fields and occipital visual fields in monkey; Frontal motor representations in deep sulci of cats [with Jos6 Delgado]; Localization of frontal eye fields in cats; Head turning and eye deviation elicited by stimulation of frontal cortex in freely moving cats [under Walter Rudolf Hess, with Donald A. Approved For Release 2003104118: CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 3 MacDonald]; Explosive decompression at high altitude [with Samuel Gelfan and Leslie Nims]; Use of biological potentials to warn of anoxic anoxia [with Harold S. Burr]; Segregation, origin and destination of first- order sensory dorsal column axons [under Paul Glees]; Central control of ascending sensory pathways [with Radl Herndndez-Pe6n and Harald Scherrer]; Cortical influences on brain stem conduction systems, and on brain stem arousal mechanisms [with John D. French, Ra6l Herndndez Pe6n, W. Ross Adey and Josd Segundo]; Cerebrospinal fluid equilibria; Somatic functions of the nervous system [with Ra6l Herndndez-Pe6n]; Differential seizure susceptibility in monkey cortex (with John D. French]; Prevention of seizures in monkeys by intravenous procaine injections [with John D. French, Bruce Konigsmark, and Ken Richland]; Vestibulo-spinal motor projections [with Bo Gernandt, Sid Gilman, and Magdolna lranyi]; Brain mechanisms and behavior; NeUrophysiology of brain stem reticular formation [with Frederic G. Worden]; Neurophysiological contributions to internal medicine [with Frederic G. Worden]; Longitudinal spinal and brainstern reflex systems relayed through the bulbar reticular formation [with Muneo Shimamura]; Dynamics of acoustic pathways under control of middle-ear muscles (with Arnold Starr and Peter Carmel; What makes the sloth so slothful? [with T.H. Bullock, Donald B. Lindsley, and Robert Galambos]; Central control of receptors and sensory transmission systems; Role of central nervous mechanisms relating to reinforcement; Ultrastructure of myelin glial-axonal junctions, and functional dynamics of synaptic boutons [under Konrad Akert]; Cinemorphology of whole human brain serial surfaces, in registration, exposed at microscopically thin intervals throughout the entire brain in 68 "normal" human brains [with Roy Mills and Thornton Egge]; Three-dimensional reconstruction of one whole human brain, using interactive computer graphics [with Kent Wilson, Bill Atkinson, and Bud Tribble, 111]. A film on this subject [produced under Sy Wexler] won sweepstakes awards at all major international documentary film festivals in 1976/7 and has been shown repeatedly on NOVA, National Geographic Society, BBC, OlVINIMAX, and many other television programs, worldwide, since then. Undernourishment affecting human brain development in the U.S. [under Doris H. Calloway, with Helen Ross, and Elisabeth Stern]. Expeditions include: Ship's Physician and Chief Diver, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Expedition CAPRICORN [under Roger Revelle and Walter Munk], 1951-1952; Alpha Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 4 Hellix Expedition to the Amazon [with Theodore H. Bullock and Donald B. Lindsley], 1968; Expedition to Panama (with Theodore H. Bullock and Robert Galambos] 1970. Rpsearch Publications: Some 200 research publications including a few research monographs. Chapters on Neurophysiology in a textbook for psychologists; Chapters on Neurophysiology in a textbook for psychiatrists- -these latter were republished as a separate monograph, Sensor -Y Processing, Perception, and Behavior, 1978, Section on Neurophysiology consisting of a dozen chapters in Best and Ta"I r's Physiological Basis of Meidical Practice, 11th Edition,1985, and 12th Edition, 1990. Lectureships: AAAS Holiday Science Lecturer, for State-wide honor high school students: Florida, 1958, Oregon, 1959; National Sigma Xi Lje@-.turer, 1960 and 1961@ Queen Kamehameha Lecturer, University of Hawaii School of'Medicine, 1965; AAAS Chautauqua Lectureship [shared with Elisabeth Stern], 1978 and 1979; Sachs Memorial Lecturer, Dartmouth Medical School,1981. Extra- Curricular Activities: Co-Incorporator [with John F. Fulton], the Journal of the History of Medicine, 1951. Participated closely with Leo Szilard in founding the Council for Abolishing War, which became the Council for a Livable World, 1962. Co-Incorporator [with Richard J. Barnet, Marcus Raskin, and Christopher Jencks], of the Institute for Policy Studies, 1962. Co-Incorporator [with Fritjof Capra] of the Elmwood Institute, 1979. Active [under Bernard Lown] in International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, as Emissary and Ambassador; Deputy Council representative for U.S. Physicians for Social Responsibility; House of Delegates, 1986-88, U.S. national Physicians for Social Responsibility, President-Elect 1991, [to serve as President, 1992, Past-President 1993; Co-President, San Diego Chapter, 1989-91. Robert B. Livingston, M.D. Professor of Neurosciences Emeritus University of California San Diego Address: 7818 Camino Noguera, San Diego, California 92122-2027. Telephone: (619) 455-0306; Telefax0l (619) 455-1874. Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 CURRICULUM VITAE NAME: ROBIN P. MICHELSON, M.D. BORN: EDUCATION: 1932-1934 University of California Berkeley, Calfiornia 1934-1936 eStanford University Stanford, California 1936-1940 Stanford-13 hiversity School of Medidne Stanford, California POSTGRADUATE TRAINING: 10.040-1941 Assistant Resident, Pathology San Francisco General Hospital 1946-,10-48 Otolaryngology Resident Veterans Administration, San Francisco MILITARY SERVICE: 10-41-1946 Captain, U. S. Army (MC) B.S M.D. LICE--NSURE AND CERTIFICATION: 1940 Ap p roQW iftqft lease 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 9 5 0 American Board of Otolaryngology SGFOIA3 CURRICULUM V'Thl&irovWA;PRelbW&~iM);~MWI-DCIA-RDP96-00789RO03100170001-cj?- HOSPITAL AFFILIATIONS: 1945-10- 56 St. Luke's Hospital, San Francisco 1946-1956 St. Mary's Hospital, San Francisco 1968-Present University of California Hospitals 1958-Present Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City, California University of California Hospitals, San Francisco POSITIONS HELD: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO Depa Iment of Otolaryngology 1968-1974 Associate Clinical Professor 1974-Present Clinical Professor OUTSIDE THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA: 1948-1952 Clincal Instructor, Stanford University School of Medicine 1952-Present Assistant Clinical Professor, Stanford University School of Medidne 1 0=5-. cgs Cnief, Stanford ENT S-ervic-n, San Francisco General ',-'.,-.-cpitai JQ60_4 - 10-63 Chief of ENT Service San Mateo County Hospital 1940-11 -080 Private Practice, Redwcod Cltl/, California MEMBERSHIP IN SCIENTIFIC SOCIET IE.S AND THEIR COMMIT-1 2=:z .1945 American Medical Association 1945 dft&PP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Me% Approved For slaaagaMINipmr., 89ROO3100170001-9 7 EDUCAT'ION: A.B. Harvard, 1949 M.D. Columbia, 1953 George Washington University School of Government and Business, 1973-1974 Army War College, 1976 MEDICAL LICENSE: New York #77729 California #G-4697 Certified, American Board of Pediatrics, 1961 EXPERTISE: Health and Performance Research Technology Transfer Epidemiology and Infectious Disease Senior Executive Management PRESENT POSITION Consultant to Systems Engineering and Management Associates, Falls Church, Virginia SGFOIA3 Responsible for facilitating commercialization of Strategic Defense Initiative technologies to the health care industry and the life sciences research community. PAST IE14PLOYMENT 1987-1990 Chief Scientist (Biomedical Operations) Flow General Inc., McLean, Virginia Advised the CEO on health-related activities of the six subsidiary companies world-wide. Also served as Director, Biomedical and Veterinary Services Division, Flow Laboratories, Inc., owned by Flow General, Inc. (Left company when health-related activities were sold.) 1957-1986 Active duty, U.S. Army 1957-1986 Continuously involved in research and development (R&D) throughout Army service; retired I September 1986 in the grade of Major General as Assistant Surgeon General (R&D) and Commander, U.S. Army Medical R&D Command. Approved For Release 2003104/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 GARRISON RAPMUND F SGFOIA3 EDucxriON: A.B. Harvard, 1949 M.D. Columbia, 1953 George Washington University School of Government and Business, 1973-1974 Army War College, 1976 MEDICAL LICENSE: New York #77729 California #G-4697 Certified, American Board of Pediatrics, 1961 EXPERTISE: Health and Performance Research Technology Transfer Epidemiology and Infectious Disease Senior Executive Management 0. PRESENT POSITION Consultant Responsible technologies community. Associates, for to Systems Engineering and Management Falls Church, Virginia facilitating commercialization of Strategic Defense Initiative to the health care industry and the life sciences research PAST EMPLOYMENT 1987-1990 Chief Scientist (Biomedical Operations) Flow General Inc., McLean, Virginia Advised the CEO on health-related activities of the six subsidiary companies world-wide. Also served as Director, Biomedical and Veterinary Services Division, Flow Laboratories, Inc., owned by Flow General, Inc. (Left company when health-related activities were sold.) 1957-1986 Active duty, U.S. Army 1957-1986 Continuously involved in research and development (R&D) throughout Army service; retired I September 1986 in the grade of Major General as Assistant Surgeon General (R&D) and Commander, U.S. Army Medical R&D Command. Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Approved For Release 2~9#fttibl*lilJW96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Garrison Rapmund, M.D. SGFOIA3 Major General (Retired), United States Amy DATE OF BIRTH CITIZENSHIP MARITAL STATUS HOME ADDRESS PRESENT POSITION Consultant to Systems Engineering and Management Associates, Falls Churchs Virginia Responsible for facilitating commercialization of Strategic Defense Initiative technologies to the health care industry and the life sciences research community. Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 SGFOIA3 Philip D. Wasserman EDUCATION Study leading to Ph.D. in Computer Science and Engineering MS YZItetrical Engineering and Computer Science. Santa Clara University BS Nkthematics, Summa Cum Laude, College of Natre Dame FR0F1LE OF_ EXWRIENCE Over 29 years experience in the f told of artificial neural networks. Author of two bo'oks and seTeral papers on theory and applications. Successfully applied artificial neural networics to solve a wide range of real world problems. More than 30 years diversified experience as an Electronics Engineer, heavily involved in the detailed design of elcctronic instruinent:3, analog and digital circults, computer software, con1puter hardware and computer iyucius.)EaWisive project nianageinent, and technical supervision 6%peri- BlIce. Founder of two profitable electrordes manufacturing firms. Served as Cidef Executive Officer for eight years. Designed all of the finn's instrumentation products. MAJOR ACUPMFLISHNIENTS, 1979-1991 Developed artificial neural network architectures and training algorithms. Applied these to various problems in pattern recognition, optimization, and control. Published technical papers and presented technical seminars on artificial neural networks for a number of organizations. Wrote two books, Neural Computing and NeuralSource. on artificiall neural networks, Pub- lished by Van Nostrand Reinhold in 1989. Developed analog and digital cireuitq and,@uh,,iysfi-rns for an antnmatir insmimipat used in semiconductor manufacturing, Incinding signall arqiiisition and condlitionivig, eleciroine- chanical,w,"o controllere, and software written in C for control and procesging of c Ilia. Designed annutofocus system for a diffraction limited microscope. TAcluded inventing an algorithm, (patent pending) designing a digital. signal procewing board, and develop* the SGftWaM SyStOM to operate In a multi-proeLssor environment. Designed a solid-state high resolution vi*dco camera for use in a 3einicooducLur hjbp@vtlull system, including Adco, frequency, low level anallog slignal pructning circulb. Nwigised a WgIA aipwd video signal conditioning and Image d1gitizer board with intertace to u 40 Mqgubylt/sec parallel digital bus, Including a/d, d/&@ and analog signal process! IL Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170 i001-9 Perforined architectural design of high speed digital signal processing circuit intended for CNIO 8 i ntegra tion. Superv ised a group wh,lch designed and c onstructed TT L prototype to evaluate the architecture, and implefflenfed-digital signal processing algoritluns for V22bis modem. Developed the architecture, circull, and system design ota high speed modem utill 'izing a multiprocessor configuration, Produced a custom assembler, wrote programming instruc- tions and assisted algorithm developers irk its use. Designed active filters and impleniented sample and hold, a/d, and d1a, circults. Designed power supply including thermal design of package. Superviqed printed eircui t layout, mechanics I packaging, and canducte d t es ts ve'fYIng performance to sppclfleatlon@ Designed three now nuclear radiation measuring instruments and supervised their pAckag. i ing and production wgintering. Conceived) designed clircul tso and supery ised hybrl d circuit packaging of a wrist wo en digited heart rate roonitor. Thi's in-volvetl the design of two semi-custom Integrated circuits, one bipolar and the other CMOS@ and coordination with the integrattil circuit produ4ers. SUptr V11SVd WeClIAMICAl 4011gil *Bid PCf f0l'Alked production eligilleering leading to a suc- Cearid Pruduct. Designed hardware and algorithms fora 160MBPS, parallel-pipellned Imageprocessing system, This included software simulation of processing algorlthms@ digital and@analog circuit designo and integration with optical and mechanical systems. Participated in the establishmexit of a Computer Science Major at the College of Notre Dame. Recommended courses, evaluated instructors, and taught many of the coursd.. Selected software and installed a new administrative computing system for the College of Notre Dame. Upgraded hardware, established procedures, trained personnel, and wrote programs to integrate system for Finance, Admissions, Registration, and Graduate Offlice. M RECE PROFESST EMPLO Sgimp.QcApolicAtio Internationa Coroorati 1990 to Pre;enk Nratinw. Mrmtar, Noursill Netwnrk Applications Pluties. Identify applications for artifical neural networks, develop solutions, mid implement ihem, Am Research 11ar.L 1978 to Proe"t.. Position: Presid,mt Duties: Designed artificial Kieural jket%*urk aculditcutures and a1guriflum fur pattern rtcugnltlox@, optind- zation, and coutivI. Cunipleted cliallenging, detailed, hardware and software design projects. This included buth analog and digital circuits and systems. Designed software systems and algorithms, from concept to coding and test. Markaged development projects, solved technical problems in manufaCturing, developed and evaluated new product proposals, performed technical and Market- ing studies. Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Coll DI Niita Dim Belmont CA 1983 to 1989 (part time) Position.* Nogram, Director and Assistant Pmfessor, Computer Science. Duties.- Teach Computer Science courses, participate in curriculum development, staffing, schedul- ing. ProTide academic adrising for students. Chapma Coll Sunnyvale CA 1987 to Pn=t (Fart Time) Present Position: Lead Instivetor. Computer Science Duties: Teach Computer Science courses, evaluate instructors, ass1qt in course planning. C,01192 fif &LU D.= 061mont CA 1999 to 1996 PwItion., Director of A&n1alstrative Computing Dutiest. Establish and maintain the central computerized administrative computipg system, su@ervise support personnel, provide training and documentation for the various offices. IPATE NTS The following U.S. patents have been issued in my nume. # 4,924,098 Nuclear Radiation Level Detector # 4,293,W Non-Linear Function Generator # 4,476,348 Carbon Microphone Linearization # 4,491,733 Radiation Ylux Measuring System # 3,893,105 Integrating Type Analog-Vighal Converter # 3,273,143 Digital-To-Analog Conyerter # 3,149,Z82 Digital Voltmeter # 3,368,149 Dual-Slope Digital Voltmeter # 4,945,220 Autofocusing System for Microscope Two Additiorwil patent applications have been filed and are pending in the U.S. Patent OfAce RECENT PUBLICATIONS Neural Network On-Line Machine Condition Monitoring Systems, Proceeding of the Confer Once on Artificial Neural Networkq in Engineering. TJnivprqity of Wilwatirl-Rnilsi, Fngine* ,ring Mon. agement.Department, IM. On-Line Machine Condition Monitoring Using Neural Networks, Journal of the Acoustical Socliety of America, Vol. M, No. 4, Pt.2, October 1991. Neural Network On-Line Map-hina Condition Monitoring Systems, Society of ManufacturingEngi- rmra, 1"01 Detroit AD. Ilibration Signatum Analysis Using Artificial Neural Networks, EPRI 4th Incipient Failure Detection Conference, 1990, Philadelphia rA.(With Sam Haddad and Ayaur UAW). Using Artalficial Neural Networks For Vibration Signature Analysis, Fruceedings of the A6ustlcal $K'lety of America, Fall 1990 Vibration Sknature Analysis using Artificial Neural Networks, Proceedirip of the Second Workshop ork Neural Networks* AcademictIndustriall/NASA Defense, Auburn ALO February 11-1 3, Wl. Noural Computing, Theory and Practice, Book published by Van Nostrand Reinhold, Spring 1989 Pleural Source Annotated Bibliography, Book published 4y Van Nostrand Reinhold, Fall 1989 Experiments with a Combined Backpropagation/Cauchy Machine$ Journal of Neural Net Computing. 3 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Neural Networks, rut 1, IEEE Expert, Winter 1987 (With T. Schwartz) Neural Networks, Nrt 20 IEEE Expert, Spring 19S$ (With T. Schwaro) Experiments in Translating Cidnese Characten %ing Backpropagatkoi, rm. IEEE Comput@.r Society Interoationall Confereoce, San Prancisco, Feb. 1987 Experiments with Et Combined Backpropagation/Cauchy Machine, International Neural Network Society Conference, Boston, 1988 LECTURES PU.AE ArtifidA Neural Networks in Engineering Conference, St LaukMO 1991 (Thyltm Paper) Acoustic Society of America, Dallas TX, 1991 (Invited Paper) 010 Pknlld PMranvning Cirmup Mwing, Malibu CA, 101 Amencan Nuclear Society Conference, Jackson Role Wyaming, 1091 IlefeTise Nuclear Agency, Washington DC. Avionics Labontory, Wright Niterson AFB, Dayton OWo. CIVORD, Wm"ton DC. Joint National Intdligonce DoyeJopment Service, Washington DC. Electrical Power Research Institute, lWo Alto CA. KatiorW lastsittAts of Health, Dethesda AID. Federal Bureau of LiYestigation, Wasloington DC. Military Swlift Cuaiiniaindo U.S. Naivy, Wwlilngton DC. Santa Clam Univa%lty, Santit Clara, CA. University of Calift-Wa, Santa Cruz CA, A.I. Forum, Palo Aitoo CA. ,A.L SIG, Santa Clara, CA. Special Interest Group, MachineLearining, Palo Alto, CA. Also, seminars were presented to a number of industrial firms. PRQFESS SOCIETIES Senior Member, IEEE Member, WER Computer Society Member, ACM Member. International Neural Network Society Refem for the IEEE Computer Society Prer.4i Upon Request PURSON&L INFORMATION SGFOIA3 4 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 UNIVERSITY OF Q*LdOOF,,915kgl4g~SZOiMELESCIA-RDP96-0078 -1003100170001-9 URKELEY DAVIS IRVINF LOS ANGELES RIVERSIDE* SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO 'o1SANTA BARBARA (January, 1991) LOUIS JOLYON WEST, N.D. CURRICULUM VITAE PERSONAL SGFOIA3 EDUCATION Marquette School, Madison, Wisconsin 1929-1934 Harvey School, Madison, Wisconsin 1934-1935 East High School, Madison, Wisconsin 1935-1941 University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 1941-1942 State University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (Army Specialized Training Program) 1943-1944 University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota 1945-1948 DEGREES B.S. University of Minnesota 1946 M.B. University of Minnesota 1948 M.D. University of Minnesota 1949 POSTGRADUATE TRAINING Internship (Straight Medicine): University of Minnesota Hospitals, Minneapolis 1948-1949 Residency in Psychiatry: Payne Whitney Clinic of the New York Hospital (Cornell Medical Center), New York 1949-1952 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY AND BIOBEHAVIORAL SCIENCES UCLA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 760 WESTNVOOD PLAZA LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 9W24-1759 UCLA SANTA 01ft Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Louis Jolyon West:7-, M.D. Curriculum Vitae OTHER. EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE Personal psychoanalysis (candidate, Topeka Psychoanalytic Institute) 1958-1962 Group relations training programs (Tavistock/A.K. Rice Institute) 1965-1975 Fellow, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, California 1966-1967 MILITARY SERVICE Army of the United States (enlisted): 301st Infantry Regiment, 94th Division;.other assignments 1942-1946 United States Air Force Medical Corps (Lieutenant to Major) 1948-1956 MEDICAL LICENSURES AND SPECIALTY CERTIFICATION Licensed: Mirfnesota, 1948; New York, 1950; California, 1951; Oklahoma, 1956 Diplomate: National Board of Medical Examiners, 1949 American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (Psychiatry), May 1954 UNIVERSITY APPOINTMENTS Assistant in Psychiatry, Cornell University Medical College, New York 1950-1952 Professor and Head, Department of Psychiatry, Neurology and Behavioral Sciences, University of Oklahoma School of Medicine, Oklahoma City 1954-1969 Professor of Psychiatry, UCLA School of Medicine 1969-- Chairman, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles 1969-1989 Director, UCLA.Neuropsychiatric Institute 1969-1989 HOSPITAL APPOINTMENTS chief, Psychiatry Service, 3700th USAF Hospital, Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas 1952-1956 Psychiatrist-in-Chief, University of Oklahoma Hospitals 1954-1969 Consultant in Psychiatry, Oklahoma City Veterans Administration Hospital 1956-1969 2 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Louis Jolyon West@r M.D. curriculum Vitae HOSPITAL APPOINTMENTS (continued) Chief, Mental Health Section, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City 1956-1969 Consultant in Psychiatry, United States Air Force Hospital, Force Base, Oklahoma 1956-1966 Consultant in Psychiatry, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Hospital 1966-1967 Psychiatrist-in-Chief, UCLA Medical Center 1969-1989 Attending Staff, UCLA Medical Center and UCLA Neuro- psychiatric Institute 1969-- Consultant in Psychiatry, Veterans Administration Center for Psycho-social Medicine at Brentwood, Los Angeles 1969-- Consultant in Psychiatry, Veterans Administration Hospital, Sepulveda, California 1969-- Attending Staff, Harbor General Hospital, Torrance, California 197 1-- Medical Staff, Saint John's Hospital and Medical Center, Santa Monica, California 1979-- HONORS r Alpha Omega Alpha - Honor Medical Society Oklahoma Nominee,, "Ten Most outstanding Young Men in America," United States Junior Chamber of Commerce (1959) Medical Ambassador of Good Will, Pan American Medical Association (1963) Commencement Speaker, University of Oklahoma School of Nursing (1963) Leadership Award, Association of the University of Oklahoma Medical Faculty (1966) -0 Sommer Memorial Lecturer, Portland, Oregon (1968) Certificate of Appreciation, Oklahoma City Council (1969) Abreu Memorial Address, National Medical Student Research Forum, Student AMA (1969) Distinguished Professional Service Citation, Oklahoma State Psychological Association (1969) Certificate of Appreciation, Department of Health, Education and Welfare, United States Public Health Service (1969) Benjamin Rush Gold Medal Award, American Psychiatric Association (1973) Certificate of Appreciation "For Outstanding Service," University of Nebraska, School of Alcohol Studies (1973) Commendation for Exceptional Service, United States Veterans Administration (1974) First Annual Dr. Gustav Bychowski Memorial Lecture, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York City (1974) Knight of Mark Twain (1974) 3 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Louis Jolyon West-, M.D. curriculum Vitae HONOtS (continued) "Louis Jolyon West House" (Facility for Oklahoma Center for Alcohol-Related Studies, University of Oklahoma Medical Center, Oklahoma City, dedicated 1974) Certificate of Commendation, American Psychiatric Association (1976) L.I.F.E. Group Award for outstanding Dedication to Humanity (1977) Karolinska Institute Medal, Stockholm, Sweden (1978) The H.B. Williams Memorial Travelling Professor of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (1979) Consultant Emeritus in Psychiatry, United States Army Medical Research and Development Command (1979) Honorary Fellow, American Association of Psychoanalytic Physicians, Inc. (1980) Walter C. Alvarez Memorial Award, The American Medical Writers Association (1982) Annual Award for Distinguished Professional Service in the Field of Mental Health, The Group Psychotherapy Association of Southern California (1983) Special Award, gociety for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, "For Advancing the Role of Hypnosis in Psychiatry and Medicine" (1986) Vestermark Award, The American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health (1987) Outstanding Achievement Award, Southern California Psychiatric Society (1988) Marshal, Hippocratic oath Ceremony and Medical School Graduation, UCLA (1989) First Annual Thomas H. Holmes Memorial Lecture, University of Washington (1989) Philip R.A. May Award, Howard R. Davis Society for Knowledge Utilization and Planned Change (1989) Leo J. Ryan Award, National Cult Awareness Network (1989) Founder's Award, Center for Research on Alcohol and Drug Abuse, University of Oklahoma School of Medicine (1989) Doctor of Humane Letters (hon. caus.), Hebrew Union College (1990) NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL-APPOIN ENTS American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (Examiner) Advisory Council, Behavioral Sciences Division, United States Air Force office of Scientific Research National Consultant in Psychiatry to the Surgeon General, United States Air Force Board of Directors, The Institute for Research in Hypnosis Committee on Hypnosis, Council on Mental Health of the American Medical Association Professional Advisory Council, National Association for Mental Health 4 1955-1975 1956-1958 1957-1962 1958-1966 1959-1962 1959-1964 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Louis Jolyon West-i M.D. curriculum Vitae NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL APPOINTMENTS (continued) Consultant, United States Information Agency 1960-1961 Executive Council, Committee on Behavioral Research (Advisory on Disaster Research to the Office of Emergency Planning), National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council 1961-1963 Consultant, United States Air Force Aero-Space Medical Center 1961-1966 Consultant, Peace Corps 1962-1963 Consultant, Bureau of Social Research, Inc. 1965-1968 National Advisory Mental Health Council, United States Public Health Service (National Institute of Mental Health) 1965-1969 Board of Scientific Advisors, Morton Prince Clinic for Hypnotherapy, The Institute for Research in Hypnosis, New York City 1965-1966 White House Conference on Civil Rights: "To Fulfill These Rights," Washington, D.C. June, 1966 National Advisory Committee on Alcoholism to the Secretary, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare 1966-1968 National Adviso"ry Committee on Psychiatry, Neurology, and Psychology, United States Veterans Administration 1968-1973 Professional Services Subcommittee, 1968-1972 1970-1972 Chairman, , Anglo-American Conference on Drug-taking in-the Younger Generation, Ditchley Foundation, Oxfordshire, England Spring, 1968 Member, First Public Policy Conference on Psychiatry, Brookings Institution .0 1970 National Committee for Effective Drug Abuse Legislation 1970-1972 Special Medical Advisory Group, United States Veterans Administration 1970-1974 Review Committee for Drug Abuse Training, National Institute of Mental Health 1972-1973 International Board of Directors, Kittay Scientific Foundation 1972-1977 American Professional Advisory Committee, Jerusalem Mental Health Center, Jerusalemr Israel 1971-1989 American Advisory Board, Jerusalem Mental Health Center, Israel 1972-1989 Residency Review Committee for Psychiatry and Neurology (Council on Medical Education, American Medical Association) 1973-1978 Ad Hoc Committee to Assess Conflicts of Interest Between Organizational Responsibilities of Physicians in Institutional Settings and Their Concern for Welfare of Individual Patients (National Academy of Sciences - National Institute of Medicine) 1973-1989 Israeli Center for Psychobiology, International Advisory Board 1974-1989 Approved For Release 2003/04/18: 9A-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Louis Jolyon West-, M.D. Curriculum Vitae NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL APPOINTMENTS (continued) Consultant to the Surgeon General, United States Army Medical Research and Development Command 1974-1977 Member, United States Army Medical Research and Development Advisory Panel 1974-1979 Consultant, V.A. Health Care Committee, National Research Council, Division of Medical Sciences, Assembly of Life Sciences 1975-1976 Member, U.S. Honorary Board, International Association of Medicine and Biology 1979-1989 Member, Academic Psychiatry Consortium, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences 1982-1990 Medical Advisory Committee, The John Douglas French Foundation for Alzheimer's Disease 1983-- Committee on Polar Biomedical Research 1983-- Board of Advisors, American Family Foundation 1982-- Board of Scientific Advisors, Institute of Experimental Psychiatry 1985-- Advisory Board, National Depressive and Manic Depressive Association 1987-- Board of Directors, Caring for Children 1987-- EDITORIAL BOARDS Advisory Editor, The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 1958-1966 Advisory Editorial Board, Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1961-1966 Consulting Editor, Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality 1967-1984 Editorial Board, Journal of Existential Psychiatry 1970-1971 Editorial Board of Advisors, Psychiatric Annals - 1971-1977 Psychiatry Editorial Board, Directions irt 1976-- Advisory Editorial Board, Medical-Update 1978-- Editorial Board, Psychiatric Books 1979-- Editorial Board, A critical Guide to Psychiatric Literature 1979-- Advisory Board, Salk Letter to Parents 1982-- Editorial Board, Cultic Studies Journal 1984-- Editorial Board, Violence, Aggression, Terrorism 1985-- REGIONAL AND LOCAL APPOINTMENTS Dean's Committee, Oklahoma City Veterans Administration Hospital 1954-1969 Research Coordinator, Oklahoma Alcoholism Association 1956-1966 Executive Committee, Mayor's Committee on Human Relations, Oklahoma City 1961-1962 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : qlA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Louis Jolyon West-, M.D. Curriculum Vitae REGIONAL AND LOCAL APPOINTMENTS (continued) Oklahoma Mental Health Planning Council 1963-1965 Consultant, Oklahoma City Human Relations council 1963-1969 Board of Directors, Oklahoma City Council on Alcoholism 1964-1969 Governor's Committee on Alcoholism, State of Oklahoma 1964-1966 Professional Advisory Council, central State Community Mental Health Center, Norman, Oklahoma 1966-1969 Board of Directors, Northeast Oklahoma City Community Mental Health Center 1966-1969 Dean's Committee, Wadsworth Veterans Administration Medical Center 1969-1989 Dean's Committee, Brentwood V.A. Medical Center (Chairman) 1969-1989 Board of Consultants, Rush Research Foundation 1969-1989 Dean's Committee, Sepulveda Veterans Administration Medical Center 1970-1989 Committee of Psychiatry Consultants, Charles R. Drew Postgraduate Medical School, Los Angeles 1970-1989 Advisory Commit/tee, National Center for Drug Information, Research and Education, Mills College, Oakland, California 1970-1974 Mental Health Development Commission, Welfare Planning Council, Los Angeles 1971-1989 Research Advisory Committeel Gateways Hospital, Los Angeles 1971-1989 Professional Advisory Committee, Reiss-Davis Child Study Center 1973-1976 Board of Trustees, UCLA Foundation 1975-- Member, Finance and Administration Committee 1976-1980 Board of Directors, Alcoholism Council of California/NCA 1978-- Member, Central City Public Inebriate Advisory commission 1979-- Member, Development Panel, California Self-Help Center 1984-- Member, Ad Hoc Committee, California State Support of Psychiatric Research, West Coast College of Biological Psychiatry 1986-- Member, Board of Trustees, Imagination Workshop, Inc. 1986-- Member, Mental Health Committee, Commission on Cults and Missionaries, Jewish Federation Council of Greater Los Angeles 1989-- UCLA COMMITTEES Board of Directors, University Hospital Chaplaincy Service, Inc. 1970-1989 Vice President, 1972 Advisory Committee, Brain Research Institute 1975-1989 Endowment Committee, Brain Research Institute 1976-1989 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : 9A-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Louis Jolyon West', N.D. Curriculum Vitae UCLA COMMITTEES (continued) Committee to Endow Great Teaching, School of Medicine University Extension Committee, Academic Senate Committee for a Public Medical Forum, School of Medicine School of Medicine Faculty Development Committee Representative to Intercampus Faculty Advisory Committee for the Hutchins Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions Advisory Board, UCLA Archive of American Folk Medicine Student Affairs Committee, School of Medicine Subcommittee on Substance Abuse NATI NAL AND INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS Aerospace Medical Association* Alpha Omega Alpha American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists* American Academyrof Political and Social Science* American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law American Academy of Psychoanalysis (Scientific Associate) Committee on Education and Research, 1960-1965 Research Committee, 1970-1975 American Association for the Advancement of Science (Fellow) American Association of Chairmen of Departments of Psychiatry* 1977-1989 1977-1978 1979-1989 1981-1989 1981-1989 1984-- 1990-- councilor, 1969 Secretary-Treasurer, 1970 Committee on Liaison with the Veterans Administration, 1976 Ad Hoc Committee to Maintain Liaison with the ABPN, Inc., 1976 American College of Neuropsychopharmacology (Charter Fellow)* Credentials Committee, 1973-1976 American College of Psychiatrists (Fellow)* Chairman, Program Committeer San Diego, 1970 Bowis Award Committee, 1982 American Federation for clinical Research* American Medical Association American Orthopsychiatric Association* American Polar Society* American Psychiatric Association (Life Fellow) Committee on Research, 1957-1960 Committee on Program, 1962-1968 Task Force on Drug Abuse in Youth, 1967-1969 Board of Trustees, 1968-1971 council on Research and Development, 1972-1977 Chairman, 1975-1977 Reference Committee, 1975-1977 Foundations Fund Prize Board of Research, 1981-1985 Task Force on Quality of Psychiatry Residency Training, 1983-- Task Force on Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders, 1986-- Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : EIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Approved For Release 2003/04/18: CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Louis Jolyon West,, M.D. Curriculum Vitae NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS (continued) American Psychiatric Association (continued) Task Force on Terrorism, Chairman, 1987-1988 American Psychological Association American Psychopathological Association American Psychosomatic Society American Public Health Association American Sociological Association* Antarctican Society* Association for Academic Psychiatry* Association for the Psychophysiological Study of Sleep* Member, organizing committee, First International Conference, Bruges, Belgium, Junef 1971 Association of American Medical Colleges* Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Diseases National Academy of Religion and Mental Health (Founding Member)* National Committee Against Mental Illness (Sponsoring Member) International Society for Advancement of Humanistic Studies in Gynebology (Honorary Member) New York Academy of Sciences Pan American Medical Association* President, Section on clinical Hypnosis, 1962-1964 Council Member'and Diplomate, Section'on Psychiatry, 1962 Board of Advisory Vice Presidents, 1962 North American Co-Chairman, Section on Clinical Hypnosis, 1966-1968 Pavlovian Society Second Vice President, 1973 First Vice President, 1974 President, 1975 sigma Xi Society of Behavioral Medicine (Fellow) Society of Biological Psychiatry (Senior Member) Public Relations Committeef 1975 Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis* Society for General Systems Research* Society of Medical Consultants to the Armed Forces* Society for Psychophysiological Research* Southern Professors of Psychiatry* President, 1963 World Medical Association* *Inactive or prior member Approved For Release 2003104118 @ CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Louis Jolyon West-, M.D. Curriculum Vitae REGIONAL AND LOCAL SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS Central Neuropsychiatric Association Dallas Southern Clinical Society (Honorary Member) Mid-Continent Psychiatric Association councilor, 1960-1962 North Pacific Society of Neurology and Psychiatry (Honorary Fellow) Oklahoma City Clinical society Oklahoma County Medical Society Medical Center Liaison Committee, 1959-1962 Oklahoma District Branch, American Psychiatric Association (Fellow) Committee on Medical Education, 1964-1969 Oklahoma Psychiatric Association Oklahoma State Medical Association Safety Committee, 1962-1964 Mental Health Committee, 1964-1966 Southern California District Branch, American Psychiatric Associaelon (Fellow) Southern California Society for Adolescent Psychiatry (Honorary Member) California State Medical,@Association Los Angeles County Medical Society Southern California Psychiatric Society California Society for the Treatment of Alcoholism and other Drug Dependencies Mental Health Association of Los Angeles County Southern California Society for Clinical Hypnosis (Honorary Member) BIOGRAPHICAL LISTINGS American Men and Women of science Biographical Directory, American Psychiatric Association Dictionary of International Biography Directory of Medical Specialists Who's Who in America Who's Who in American Science World Leaders in Science World Who's Who in Science Who's Who in 'the West Who's Who in 'Frontiers of science and Technology 1959-1969 1962 1956-1969 1962 1956-1969 1956-1969 1956-1969 1956-1969 1956-1969 1969-- 1970 1971-- 1971-- 1974-- 1974-- 1976-- 1986-- Approved For Release 2003/04/18LbCIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 RONAL.D YUKIO NAKASONE Graduate neological Union Institute of Buddhist Studies 1900 Addison Street Berkeley, CA 94704 PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: Core. Doctoral Faculty, Graduate Theological Unionfinstitute of Buddhist Studies, Berkeley, CA, July 1987 to present Responsibilities: teaching Mahayana, Chinese and Japanese Buddhist philosophy, Buddhist ethics, Buddhist and Japanese aesthetics, homiletics, practical ministry; research and publications; thesis advising Dean for Student Affairs, Institute of Buddhist Studies, 1987-present Responsibilities: Student advising and counsellirig. Buddhist services and ritual, planning special programs and lectures; curator of art exhibits Minister, San Jose Buddhist Church, May 1983 to August 1986 Responsibilities: ritual, sermons, temple administration, counselling; visitations etc. Japanese Analyst with the U.S. Army Publication Review Unit, Silver Spring, MD, June 1981 - April 1983. Reviewed, translated and analyzed political, technical and economic publications Lecturer, Dept. of East Asian Languages, University of HawaiL Jan. 1980 - June 1981 Responsibilities: teach first and second year Japanese (Jordan I and H); teach calligraphy on a non-credit basis 0 Instructor, Japanese Conversation, Adult Education, Pearl City High School (part-time), Sept. 1979 - Dec. 1979). Translator/Interpreter, Oscar Mayer Co., Madison, WI, 1977 (intermittently). Interpreting and translating of Japanese to English and English to Japanese. Teaching English as a Second Language, Kyoto, Japan, 1969-75. Graphic Artist, Planning Dept., City & County of Honolulu, Hawaz 1968-69. Prepared visual aids for public hearings; designed and coordinated the publication of government publications; researched and requisitioned visual aid equipment, etc. Illustrator, University of HawaiL Honolulu, HawaiL 1967-68. Developed visual aid materials for Japanese language textbook. CURRENT RESEARCH Ethics: "Decisionmaking in context of Buddhist notions of interdependence and karma, and its application in Japanese medicine," part of an attempt to develop a theory of Buddhist approach to bioethics Approved For Release 2003104/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Approved For Release 1003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 Miness and Holiness: A Study of AIDS in an American Zen Community." To be presented at the Medicine and Its Stories Conference, May 1992 Buddhist Studies: An interpretative study of the Awakening of Faith based on Chinese and Japanese sources EDUCATION University of Wisconsin-Madison, Ph.D., Buddhist Studies, 1980 (Ph.D. Minor in Philosophy) Ryukoku University, Kyoto, Japan, M.A., Buddhist Studies, 1975 University of Hawaii-Manoa, MA., Oriental Art HistoTy, 1967 University of Hawaii-Manoa, BJL, Philosophy, 1965 Ordained Jodoshinshu Honganji Sect Buddhist Priest in 1993 PROFESSIONAL COMN=ES Scholarship Committee, Graduate Tbeological Union, 1991-92 Internal Review Board, Science Application International Cooperation, Menlo Park, CA. Internal review of cognitive science research projects funded by U.S. Government involving human subjects. 1991-present. UC-Berkeley Committee for the Protection of Human Sub ects, 1988-1991; internal review of j research prot9cols involving human subjects Steering Committee for the Northern California Interfaith Network, 1989-present; sponsor programs of common concern ACADEMIC AWARDS: Luce Grant, Graduate Tbeological Union, 1991-92. Visiting Professor, Ryukoku University, 1990. Visiting Scholar, Center for the Study of World Religions, Harvard University, 1986-87. Fulbright-Hays Doctoral Dissertation Research Abroad Fellowship, 1978-79. Visiting Scholar, Institute of Buddhist Culture, Ryukoku University, Kyoto, Japan, 1978-79. Hawaii Tendai Fellowship, 1976 and 1977 academic years. FLKSONAL SGFOIA3 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9