"rriam -0 Approved For Release 2003/09/09 : CIR-Wbft 87ROO0500150001-2 Final Report October 1978 ADVANCED THREAT TECHNIQUE ASSESSMENT (U) By: HAROLD E. PUTHOFF RUSSELL TARG EDWIN C. MAY INGO SWANN WARNING NOTICE Sensitive Intelligence Sources and Methods Involved 333 Ravenswood Avenue Menlo Park, California 94026 U.S.A. '00@@ (415) 326-6200 Cable: SRI INTL MNP FRI ApprovR0brWA-dV3r5126%3/09/09: CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 'm GO *E+mmot Releasable to Foreign Nationals ?W-r- . --ft -rv_ Approved For Release 2003/OMS PCOA4ZOVISIMIGINTRO00500150001-2 Final Report October 1978 Covering the Period 18 April 1977 to 15 April 1978 0 ADVANCED THREAT TECHNIQUE ASSESSMENT (U) k i r-pm_ By: HAROLD E. PUTHOFF EDWIN C. MAY V@ k RUSSELL TARG INGO SWANN Radio Physics Laboratory Consultants Wig ad" aw V" SRI Project 5309 WARNING NOTICE Sensitive Intelligence Sources 11 fl, and Methods Involved im I WIN Approved by: ROBERT S. LEONARD, Director Radio Physics Laboratory DAVID D. ELLIOTT, Executive Director Systems Research and Analysis Division SRI 8-4566 tInter CLASSIFIED BY: DIA (DT) EXEMPT FROM GDS OF E. 0. 11652 EXEMPTION CATEGORY: 2 DECLASSIFIED ON: Notification of Originator 65 Copy No . .............. This document consists of 132 pages. NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION Unauthorized Disclosure Subject to Criminal Sanctions 333 Ravenswood Avenue - Menlo Park, California 94025 U.S.A. (415) 326-6200 - Cable: SRI INTL MNP - TWX! 910-373-1246 Approved For Release 2003/0 AMR @A%9d190PJf'ilgn Nationals (This Page is UNCLASSIFIED) M@ Approved For Release ZOL61W rkVW7T-P96-00787R000500150001-2 CONTENTS (U) SG1A SG1A LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . o v LIST OF TABLES (U) . . . . . . . . . . o . . . . . . . . . . . vii I OBJECTIVE (U) . o . . . . . . . . . o. . . . . . . . . o I II EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (U) . . . . . . o . . . . . . . . . . . 3 A. Definition (U) . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . 3 B. Psychoenergetic Processes (U) . . . . . . . . . . . 3 C. SRI Work (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1. Advances of the Current Contract Period (U) 7 a. Example: Remote Viewing of I I (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 b. Example: Communication with a Submerged Submarine via the Remote-Viewing Channel (U) . o 1 10 C. Example: Resolution ;tu*dies (Ob'jec@s' Hidden in Metal Containers) (U) . . . . . 12 2. Remote-Viewing State of the Art (U) . . . . . . 12 III LONG-DISTANCE COORDINATE REMOTE-VIEWING EXPERIMENTS (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 A. Introduction (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 B. East European Site (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 C. USSR Sites (S) . . . . . . . . . o o . . . . . . . . 19 1. General (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1 -1 . o - - - 22 D. Headquarters, Strategic Air Command (SAC) (U) . . . 22 E. Underground Nuclear Test Detection (S) . j . . . . . 28 IV LONG-DISTANCE REMOTE VIEWING FROM A SUBMERSIBLE (U) . . . 33 A. Communication Experiment (U) . o . . . . . . . . . . 33 B. Examination of the ELF H ypothesis (U) . . . . . . . 39 C. Preliminary Conclusions (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 iii SG1A -KM or Approved For Release lw@. ff -DP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 Approved For Releas 9. RDP96 00787ROO0500150001-2 VoRdMI I F I E_ ID V REMOTE VIEWING OF OBJECTS, PICTURES, AND SYMBOLS (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 A. Experiments with Objects in Metal Containers (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 B. Abstract Targeting of Building Interiors (U) . . . . 48 C. Experiments with Analytical Targets (U) . . . . . 50 1. Alphanumeric Targets (U) . . . . . . . . . o 51 2. Color/Shape Targets (Parallels Between Remote Perception and Ordinary Perception) (U) . . . . 51 VI ROLE OF FEEDBACK IN REMOTE VIEWING EXPERIMENTS (U) . . . 55 A. Background Discussion (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 B. Experimentation (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 C. Conclusions (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o . 57 1. General (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 2. Recent Results (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 VII REMOTE PERCEPTION OF AUDIO SIGNALS (U) . o . . . o . 61 VIII SUBJECT-INDUCED EQUIPMENT PERTURBATION EFFECTS (U) . . . 65 A. Strain-Gauge Experiments (U) . o . o . . . . . . . . 65 B. Random-Event Generator Experiments (U) . . . . . . . 66 IX SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS (U) . . . . . . . . . 69 APPENDICES (U) A STANDARD REHOTE-VIEWING PROTOCOL.(LOCAL TARGETS) (U) 77 B SUMMARY OF KEY EXPERIMENTS IN LONG-DISTANCE COORDINATE REMOTE VIEWING GENERATED FOR THIS PROGRAM DURING PREVIOUS YEAR (U) . . . . . o . o . . . . . . . . . . 93 C DATA-SOURCE TRANSCRIPT (COMPLETE) (U) . . . . . . . . . 107 D ERROR-CORRECTING CODING AND THE REMOTE VIEWING OF I TARGET SITES AS A MESSAGE-SENDING MEDIUM (U) . . . . . . 115 REFERENCES (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 iv Approved For Release 00787ROO0500150001-2 UffiffRO-Mb Approved For Release 200.-UQMLik5i;IDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 40 L. %o 1% a. I ILLUSTRATIONS (U) I Target Objects in Metal Containers (U) . . . . . . . . . . 13 2 Subject Sketch of East European Site (S) . . . . . . . . . 23 SG1A 3 Subject Sketch of I (S) . . . . . . . . . . . 24 4 Subject Sketch of Pe tive views of Dominant SG1A Structured (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 SG1A 5 Subject Sketch of Detail on Dominant StructureP r __YS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 SG1A 6 F__ I(S) . . o . . . 27 7 SAC HQ Building, OFFUTT AFB (C) . . . . . . . o . . . . . 29 8 Subject Sketches (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o . 29 9 Comparison Between Subject Remote-Viewing Response and overhead Photography (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 10 Submersible Taurus (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 11 Submersible Experiment Number 1: 170 Meters Deep in 340 Meters of Water. 16 July 1977 (U) . . o . . . . . . o 36 12 Shopping Mall Target Used in Submersible Experiment Number 2 (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 13 Submersible Experiment Number 2: 78 Meters Deep, on the Bottom (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 14 Palo Alto Airport Tower Target (U) . . o . . . . . . . . . 58 B-1 Drawing by Subject of Dust Cloud Raised During Rocket Engine Test (U) . . . . . . . . 0 . . . 0 96 B-2 Photograph of Dust Cloud at Rocket Test Site (U) o 97 B-3 Drawing by Subject, and Rocket Test Site Schematic Shown for Comparison (U) . . . . . o . . . . . . . . . . . 98 B-4 Photograph of Test Bay Showing Test Firing of Rocket Engine (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o . . . . . 99 B-5 Remote Viewing by Grographical Coordinates of Dam Site in the USSR (S) o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 B-6 Remote-Viewing Overview of Dam-Site Locale, Showing Airport of Interest in the Lower Left (U) . . . . . . o 102 B-7 Remote-Viewing Sketch of Detail on Runways and Structures (Soviet Airport) (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 v Approved For Release,-,)nf%aianumi.-r"i~.Or-ID96-00787ROO0500150001-2 JC%.0KC Approved For Release 20031QRIQ-q - JIJ PWD06-00787ROO0500150001-2 ;:VL %00 m It I B-8 Rural Soviet Site (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 D-1 Use of a 5-Bit Error-Correcting Code to Increase Probability of Correct Message Reception (U) . . . . . . 120 vi Approved For Release 2003/&V@i biMP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 Approved For Release 2003,WVLOA;,CIA_-gDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 TABLES (U) 1 Breakdown of the Various Psychoenergetic Processes (U) 4 2 Action Item Areas for Research in Psychoenergetics (U) 5 3 Transcript/Intelligence Correlations (S) . . . . . . . . . 9 4 Message Set (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5 Transcript/Intelligence Correlations (S) . . . . . . . . . 20 6 Submarine Experiment (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 7 Distribution of Rankings Assigned to Subject Response Packets Associated with Each Target (U) . . . . . . . . . 47 8 Music Target Pool with Partial Attribute List (U) . . . . 62 9 Distribution of Rankings Assigned to Subject Response Packets Associated with Each Target for Series 1 (U) . . . 64 10 Distribution of Rankings Assigned to Subject Response Packets Associated with Each Target for Series 2 (U) . . . 64 11 Remote-Viewing State of the Art--Conclusions (U) . . . . . 71 A-1 Direct Matching (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 A-2 Rank-ordering Table (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 D-1 Quantitative Judging Technique (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 D-2 A 5-Bit Decoding Matrix (U) . . . . . . o . . . . . . . . 119 vii Approved For Release 200CWV DP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 -W -2: @Nlft@ N Approved For Release 20nionwfun mot, - 787ROO0500150001-2 - - I I OBJECTIVE (U) (S) The purpose of this program was to provide a basis for assess- ing psychoenergetic processes as an advanced threat technology that could be in development by the USSR. Psychoenergetic processes include: (1) The acquisition and description., by mental means, of information blocked from ordinary perception by distance or shielding and generally believed to be secure against such access. (2) The production of physical effects such as the perturbation of equipment or instrumentation that appears to be well shielded against, or otherwise inaccessible tol human influence. (S) This study was undertaken to determine-the state of the art., to identify key development trends and technical parameters., and to provide indicators that suggest particular advanced-threat-related applications. (U) There has been no attempt in this program to emphasize basic research, nor to attempt development of specific applications. Further- more, since funding levels were limited., extensive proof of the phenomena under study was not intended. However, basic evaluation guidelines were established as an aid in forming judgements on the apparent degree of success, or lack of success., of the various types of investigations. Some investigations were more amenable to (C) Evidence that such development is takinp place is documented in a .st series of intelligence community documents, and attention has been called to this area by the U.S. Intelligence Board's (USIB) Scientific and Technical Intelligence Committee (STIC) in a document entitled "Views on Emerging Areas of Science and Technology Potentially Important to National Security (C). ,7 t(U) References are listed at the end of this document. 1 Approved For Release - P96-00787ROO0500150001-2 M_ Approved For Release 2003/09/09 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 UNCLASSIFIED (U) statistical verification; others involved subjective as well as objec- tive judgements. There is generally a lack of agreement as to what constitutes sufficient proof of a particular paranormal phenomena, and this effort did not attempt to develop specific tasks to provide proof of such phenomenet which would be satisfactory to all readers. However., insights gained from these investigations are considered to be of value in evaluating potential gains as well as potential difficulties that could be experienced by possible Warsaw Pact development in this area. 2 Approved For Release 2003/09/09 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2()1n-AhffVaM rr@m -MDar nn7R7ROO0500150001-2 - - so %0 1% an I II EXECUTIVE SUMKARY (U) A. Definition (U) (U) Recent publications in both the open and classified literature provide mounting evidence for the existence of so-called "parapsycho- logical," "paraphysical," or "psychoenergetic" processes. These processes include: (1) The acquisition of information not presented to any obvious sense. These are perceptual processes that act as information input to a human subject (remote viewing, telepathy, dowsing, etc.). (2) The production of physical effects not mediated by any obvious mechanism. These are perturbation (psychokinetic) processes that act as action output from a human subject (the generation of fields, temperature changes, mechanical forces, physiological effects, etc.). B. Psychoenergetic Processes (U) (U) A breakdown of the various psychoenergetic processes of interest is shown in Table 1. A matrix or "road map" of the various areas under current investigation in our laboratory and elsewhere is shown in Table 2. Its structure reflects the three major areas of activity- ~ Cataloging the characteristics of the phenomenon, such as resolution., reliability, bit rate, effects of shielding, etc.Y including investigation of various models (e.g., electromagnetic). ~ Ascertaining the correlates of paranormal functioning that may lead to screening and training (psychological conditions, medical profiling, environmental factors, etc.). ~ Determining application potential with regard to: alternate communications systems, enhanced environmental monitoring (near and far), application to information security processes, enhanced man/machine interactions, etc. 3 Approved For Release ?nino,--,'(-IfftjmnMMP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 IW-M MW 14L 16 pia 'suoiienionij lu'Od-OJOZ 'Ae3ec) GAIJ@3eOlpeH) NOLMOILUsici 04 -1vollsilvis IVOINVH031N ('310 'JeUOljej!AeJE) wnINvno LO 31IOuBeVY 3!JI3013) T- NO[lVH3N3!D (1131J Lf) (-310 0 'UOIJOVY UL'IUAAO.JEJ (AJOls!H jejodwa_L) ONISMOG SISONDVICI 0 0 3univ83dVY31 OSION O!uO.JI3813) '33NVkOAkJIV-10 AH13WOHDASd IVDI(13VY AHIVd3l3l Nounewism co 930H0=1 3SION in IVOINVH03V4 IVOISSVIO E)NIIV3H 31VVYINVNI 31VVYINV INOIlv aHniU3d NOIIVDI=11(]OVY S3SS3008d S3SS3008d IVOIE)OIOISAHd HOIAVH38 (13103810 VYOCINVU 31OVY3U 31OVY3H F- (UO!I!UBOOOIIBH 71!A m L- 0 LL 0 CL CL 31VVYINVNI 31VWINV 'U011!U6038.1d) alowaij) IVHOdIN31 IVUVdS (indino uo!i3V) (Indul uo!:teLujolul) 93SS30OHd Wuvauni83d S3SS30OHd ivnId3383d S3SS33OHd 01130H3N30HDASd (n) S3SS30O)Jd 01139-8-3-N30HOkSd sno[UVA 3HI JO NMO(DIV3Ha (n) C*4 LO T- Lf) 0 co M 0 LL 0 CL CL L alqel EXPERIMENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF PSYCHOENERGETIC PROCESSES CHARACTERISTICS, ANALYSIS, AND THEORY CHARACTERISTICS MECHANISM-IN DEPENDENT ANALYSIS INFORMATION THEORY, PSYCHOPHYSICS CODING (Bit Rate, Redundancy Required, Message Transmission, Judging Techniques) ANALOGS TO ORDINARY PERCEPTION (Perceptual Tasks Paralleling Ordinary Perception) MECHANISMS BRAIN-HEMISPHERIC LOCALIZATION ELECTROMAGNETIC EFFECTS (ELF Beacons, Jamming, Submersible Shielding, Propagation Velocity) QUANTUM MECHANICS (Non-locality, Quantum- I nterconnectedness, Holographic) PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES (EEG, GSR, EMG) STRAIN GAUGE EXPERIMENTS NOISE PERTURBATION (Radioactive Decay, Electronic Noise) MULTI-DIMENSIONAL (Complex Space/Time) PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES PSYCHOLOGICAL, MEDICAL PROFILING EDUCATIONAL PROCEDURES SCREENING TRAINING (Children (Feedback, Identical Reinforcement, Twins, Target the Blind) Optimization) APPLICATION POTENTIAL ENHANCED ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION MONITORING ALTERNATE COMMUNICATIONS CAPABILITIES GENERATION OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION SECURITY PROCESSES ENHANCED HUMAN/MACHINE INTERACTIONS CREATION OF NEW INDUSTRIAL COMPONENTS NEW APPLICATIONS IN SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY AND ENERGY ECONOMICS POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS TO SATELLITE AND INTERPLANETARY COMMUNICATIONS ALTERNATE MEDICAL/ PSYCHOLOGICAL TREAT- MENT STRATEGIES SPATIAL AND RELIABILITY TARGETING SHIELDING A@* Release #0%&09 @b TEMPORAL (Subject (Geographic gs&pj, sc (Electromagnetic RESOLUTION Confidence, Coordinates, and Other) (Computer-Controlled (Psychological (Tampt Sap (nrlinn Pinnrqnhiril and 'irnrprl Verstis Farmrs CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS (Sensory Deprivation, Altered States, Stress Environments, Experimenter Effects [Psychological Factors, Psi/Anti-psi Syndromep PRODUCTION OF NEW EDUCATIONAL METHODS Approved For Release 2003pW2 iC @VDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 C. SRI Work (U) (U) In order to meet the objectives of this program, SRI investi- gators have for the last six years been concentrating primarily on a particular human information-accessing capability that we call "remote viewing." This phenomenon pertains to the ability of certain individuals to access and describe, by means of mental processes, information blocked from ordinary perception by distance or shielding, and generally believed to be secure against such access. This has included the ability of sub- jects to view remote geographical locations, even at intercontinental distances, given only geographical coordinates or a known person on whom to target. (S) The remote viewing abilities of several subjects have been developed to the point where they can describe--often in great detail-- geographical and technical material such as natural formations, roads, buildingsY interior laboratory apparatus, and real-time activities. These experiments have included successful viewings of solid-propellant missile static test firings in the western U.S., the apparent detection of underground nuclear tests, and correct detailed descriptions of Soviet and East-bloc military facilities. These results are documented in this report. 1. Advances of the Current Contract Period (U) (U) Three major advances stand out in this year's effort with regard to work with our two experienced subjects. They are: (1) An observed increase in reliability of psychoenergetic functioning as a result of practice, to the point where the year's major effort in a long-distance remote viewing application resulted in data of high information content with little error. (2) The successful application of the remote viewing function as a communications (message-sending) medium., carried out in a semi-operational stress environment (submerged submarine). (3) An observed increase in spatial resolution discri- mination, to resolution on the order of a millimeter. These advances are illustrated in the following three examples. 7 Approved For Release qnaaiaM%i foA;RDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 Approved For Release 2003/09/09 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 0% 1" qP 9%161 a. Example: Remote VLE!nLE@@@@@@ S G 1 A (S) As an example of remote viewing applied in a threat-assessment role, we present here in the Executive Summar, s of an experi- .7 a synopsi ment described in detail in Section III. (S) A target site was selected by the project contract monitor and the coordinates (latitude and longitude in degrees minutes and seconds) were passed to SRI investigators. No other data were provided. An SRI investigator read the coordinates to a subject and asked for his impressions of the site. In response the subject generated a drawing and narrated a description, which was tape recorded. The subject- generated data package was then transmitted to the project monitor for analysis. SG1A (S) A table prepared by the contracting agency's evaluation team shows a comparison between some of the subject: transcript data and intelligence data (Table 3). Additional detail is contained in a later section of this report, and a complete analysis is available through SI/SAO channels. The overall conclusion of the evaluation team is that the data provided are in such detail and of such high accuracy that the (S) Additional backup specific coordinates, are available through nedd-to-know basis. Approved For Release data on the work summarized in this report (e.g., intelligence sources used in evaluation, etc.) the contracting agency and can be provided on a 8 2003/09/09 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 *J 16 %mo 9% Lo I SG1A L Approved For Release 2003/09/09 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 Approved For Release 2003/09/09 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 Approved For Release 2003/09/09 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 (S) r% r or possibility of chance or any other explanation may be disregarded, as the probability of so many high correlative elements is beyond comprehension.s We therefore find in this application-feasibility test that the subject was able to generate extensive detail confirmed by intelligence data. b. Example: Communication with a Submerged Submarine via the Remote-ViewinF -Channel-(U) (U) As an example of remote viewing applied in a communication mode, we present here a synopsis of a second experiment described in further detail in Section IV. (U) The goal of the experiment was to determine whether it was possible to transmit a message to a submerged submarine via the remote- viewing channel. The test was designed to provide not only an oppor- tunity to determine the feasibility of psychoenergetic communication with an isolated individual, but also to provide data on the effects of environmental stress on psychoenergetic performance, and on the possible shielding effects of several hundred feet of sea water (known to be a good shield for all but the lowest frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum). (U) As an overall calibration of the remote viewing process, against which specific examples such as the above can be gauged, we can take as a background data base a lengthy collection of 51 remote viewing trials collected over a several-year period with nine subjects, and published by the authors in Proc. IEEE.9 In these trials subjects were targeted on local targets (bridges, swimming pools, theaters, airports, computers, machine shops, etc.) within a 20 km range of SRI. The method of targeting was that the subject "tracked" investigators who were to visit an unknown target site at a prearranged time. The proto- col for this standard remote-viewing experiment is given in Appendix A. The quality of the results was such that the judges, who had to determine in a blind fashion which subject-generated data packages (tape transcripts and drawings) were associated with which target sites, were able to blind-match transcripts to targets in roughly half the cases. Details are presented in Ref. 9. (U) Further calibration data are given in Appendix B. Presented there are key experiments in long-distance coordinate remote viewing generated for this program during the previous year. 10 Approved For Release 2003/09/09 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 e v 41%41446@ Approved For Release 2nnwiwna miriam&nP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 I'_ G%.O 11% L I (U) The submersible used in the experiment was the Taurus, a five- man underwater vehicle manufactured by International Hydrodynamics Company Ltd. (HYCO) of Canada. During the experimentation discussed here., the submersible operated submerged in the waters near Santa Catalina IslandY off the coast of southern California. (U) The protocol for the experiment was as follows. A series of six potential messages to be sent (see Table 4) was constructed in advance of the experiment. To each message was assigned a San Francisco Bay Area target location. To send a given message,, a pair of investi- gators comprising a target demarcation team went at a prearranged time to the site linked to the particular message and remained there for 15 minutes. During this period a subject on-board the submersible, monitored by an investigator blind to the target pool, registered his impressions as to where the demarcation team was, 500 miles away, as per standard remote viewing protocol. Following the remote-viewing trial,, the subject then consulted a list of potential targets (seen for the first time at this point), made a choice as to which target of the set he had described., and noted the associated message. Table 4 (S) MESSAGE SET (U) Message Remain submerged for two days Evasive plan six *Rendezvous at pickup point three Proceed to base one Standby alert on priority targets *Launch priority targets Messages sent via remote-viewing protocol. 11 Approved For Release 2nnighnegam R6 ippP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 #J a. Na rVII-r- Approved For Release 2003/0,&/P,4-W rQP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 I ' A -1L.7-A V1 '10 (U) Two experiments of this type were carried outl one each with two subjects. For this first experiment the submersible was at a depth of 170 m in water 340 m deep; for the second the submersible rested on the bottom in 80 in of water. In both cases the subjects rendered excellent descriptions of the target sites., and had no difficulty in choosing the correct target from the list of six potentials targets. Although the subjects indicated that they had experienced some degree of stress due to cramped conditions and seasickness., these environmental factors did not appear to affect the quality of performance deleteriously. C. Example: Resolution Studies (Objects Hidden in Metal Containers) (U) (U) In order to obtain an estimate of the resolution capability of the temote-viewing process., a subject was asked to render descriptions of objects hidden in small light-tight metal containers (35 mm film cans) located 1/8 mile distant from the subject. The location of the object was known to the subject only as being on the person of an investigator outbound to an unknown site. During the experiment no investigator involved in the study knew the target, the target canisters having been previously prepared and randomized by an investigator outside the project. (U) A sequence of ten trials were carried out,, and the resulting subject transcripts and drawings were blind-matched to the targets by an independent judge with statistically significant results. Figure I shows the targets and rE@Sponses for the first five trials. As indicated in the figure caption., the quotations accompanying the drawings are taken from the first paragraphs of the subject responses. These data indicate that the psychoenergetic channel functions with a spatial resolution down to at least the order of one millimeter. 2. Remote-Viewing State of the Art (U) (S) The more important results of our investigation to date can be summarized as follows: 12 Approved For Release 2003 iNA-p4BP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 Iwo 0% Approved For RelUNC,4AS-A%IflaUO0787ROO0500150001-2 UNCLASSIFIED FIGURE 1 TARGET OBJECTS IN METAL CONTAINERS. Captions under subject drawings are quotes from first paragraph of transcript. (U) Approved For Release 2003/09/60 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO050015GO01-2 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2003/pggg:g=P96-00787ROO0500150001-2 (S) ~ Target acquisition--Subjects can acquire target site on the basis of the presence of a known person at the site; targeting by geographical coordinates without the presence of a knoxm person at the site yields results comparable to those obtained in experiments in which a person known to the subject is used as a target. This observation offers evidence for goal-oriented as opposed to means-oriented interpretation of the "laws" that appear to govern psychoenergetic functioning. ~ Target attributes sensed--Descriptive aspects (shape, form, color, material) are described better than analytical concepts (function, name), although at times the latter come through excellently. Written target material is correct only occasionally. Alphabet targets are success- ful only statistically. In addition to visually observable detail., subjects sometimes report sounds, smells, electro- magnetic fields., and other phenomena that can be verified as existing at target locations. ~ Spatial ind temporal resolution--The channel functions with spatial resolution down to at least one millimeter. Real- time activities at the target site aria often perceived. Experiments have included successful real-time remote viewing of Minuteman and Poseidon static test firings in the western United States (with differentiation between successful firings and scrubs, and timing to within ten seconds). Ephemeral, rapid, or repetitive targets are more difficult. ~ Distance effects--Accuracy and resolution are not sensitive functions of subject-target distance over intercontinental distances. ~ Shielding--Faraday cage or sea water electrical shielding are not effective shields. ~ Factors that appear to inhibit success in remote viewing-- These are a-priori subject knowledge of target possibili- ties., absence of feedbackY application of the ability to trivial tasks (testing for the sake of testing), and use of repetitive target sequences. ~ Factors that appear to enhance success in remote viewing-- These are interest factors for the subject, a-priori necessity and relevancy for obtaining information (seriousness of purpose), the presence of a facilitating monitor to ask questions and direct the subject's attention, and practice with feedback. ~ Accuracy and reliability--Analysis of remote-viewing tran- scripts generated by experienced subjects indicates that for a given target site roughly two-thirds of the subject- generated material constitutes an accurate description of 14 Approved For Release 200 wrjalaq I;QMIL96-00787ROO0500150001-2 4J 6-N-W IL ffm I Approved For Release 20OWWOO oC4A 'DP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 16%w 1% 16 1 (S) the site, while about one-third is ambiguous, general, or incorrect. Repeatability of ehenomena--Continuing demonstrations in 14-19 this pr gram,.'-'- -13 and replications in other laboratories, indicate that the capability known as "remote viewing" is a repeatable human perceptual ability. Distribution of psychoenergetic capacity in population-- Abilities appear widespread, though latent; volunteers with no previous history of psychoenergetic functioning exhibit ability in screening experiments, indicating that reliance on the availability of special subjects may not be necessary. Unknown, however, are the percentage of population trainable or with natural talent, the optimum screening procedures, and the medical or psychological profiles of good subjects. Threat potential--Remote viewing, through the use of geographical coordinates as designators, has in many cases provided meaningful descriptions of East-Bloc military facilities designated as targets by the sponsor; evaluation by appropriate intelligence community specialists indicates that a subject is able by this process to generate useful data corroborated by other intelligence data; as is generally true with human sources, the information is fragmentary and imperfect, and is therefore best utilized in conjunction with these other resources; nonetheless, the data generated by this process appears to exceed any reasonable bounds of chance correlation or acquisition by ordinary means, and therefore constitutes a potentially exploitable information source. 15 Approved For Release QMAFRDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 Approved For Release 00=iio~rrf,6-00787ROO0500150001-2 iwF 16 Nao 9% 16 1 III LONG-DISTANCE COORDINATE REMOTE-VIEWING EXPERIMENTS (U) A. Introduction (U) (S) One of the primary objectives of this program is to provide a basis for evaluating various psychoenergetic capabilities. This is done specifically to assess the probability that such capabilities might be under development in the USSR as an advanced threat technique that could form the basis of future technological surprise. (S) To aid in this assessment a significant part of the study is devoted to evaluating application feasibility by examining U.S. capabili- ties. This assessment of application feasibility takes the form of our asking subjects in this program to view and describe remote sites chosen by the project's contract monitor as being sites of interest., such as U.S. missile test bays, Soviet military facilities, and so on. (U) Two procedures are used for targeting the subject on the site. In those cases where feasible,, a person known to the subject is dispatched to the vicinity of the site and the subject is asked to target on that individual, who plays the role of a beacon--i.e., apparently acts as an aid in the focusing process. For those sites where deployment of a cooperative person to the site is not feasiblel we employ an abstract targeting procedure developed in an earlier program.10 In this procedure the site coordinates (latitude and longitude in degrees, minutes, and seconds) are relayed with no further information to the subject. The subject who is to view the site is asked simply to proceed on the basis of the coordinate alone. The materials generated in the experiment are then turned over to the project monitor for evaluation. (U) Admittedly, such an abstract targeting procedure seems without basis in logic (at least with regard to the present scientific paradigm), and we can make no claim for the technique other than the purely pragmatic one that it appears to work. We can only point out that in psychoener- getics research in general, the possibility of success in such an 17 __^dftA%.0M Approved For Release A fto a. Aw o% 16 16-00787ROO0500150001-2 Approved For Release 2003/0 @9o-GAIIJW-00787ROO0500150001-2 16 1 (U) experiment is in accord with the observed "goal-oriented" nature of the laws that appear to govern such functioning. B. East European Site (S) (C) To test the phenomenon of remote viewing as a practical intelli- gencle-gathering technique, researchers at SRI International were given the geographic coordinates of a site by the contract monitor. The site was selected because of its intelligence interest and because there were suffl-cient data in the intelligence community to evaluate the results. It is important to remember that only the coordinates were provided. No other identifying or helpful information was supplied to SRI or the sub- ject@. The coordinates remained locked in a safe at SRI until 5 January 1978, at which tiiue they were withdrawn. SGIA (U) The site selected wasl The following background data were provided to SRI by the contract monitor after completion of the experiment. SG1A 18 Approved For Release 20 SIODP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 LE I Approved For Release 288dwlks Rff 6696-00787ROO0500150001-2 %P 16 %o 1,% No I SG1A (S) We therefore find in this application-f subject was able to generate a description contai confirmed by other intelligence sources. C. USSR Sites (S) 1. General (U) (S) For a second test of remote viewing as gathering technique, the project's contract monit the coordinates for four (4) Soviet sites. sibility test that the ing extensive detail practical intelligence- arrived at SRI with (U) In the presence of the contract monitor each of the four coordi- nates was read in turn to a subject by an SRI inv@stigator blind to the targets. In response to each coordinate the subj@ct spent about 15 minutes rendering sketches and noting down on pap@r his impressions of the site. Although there was little verbal inter,.hange, the session was tape recorded in addition. 19 Approved For Release R000500150001-2 SG1C Approved For Release 2003/09/09 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 Next 1 Page(s) In Document Exempt Approved For Release 2003/09/09 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 Approved For Release 2003/0&M ".2JOPQ -00787ROO0500150001-2 ftP 16 %o 9% 16 1 (S) Table 5 (Concluded) (U) SG1C (U) Following the initial hour's effort Dn the four sites, the the contract monitor examined the data generated by the subject and then asked for further detail on each response. SG1A 2. 1 (S) (S) As an example of the level of detail obtained in this series SG1A of remote-viewing trials, w present here some of the data obtained on the third of the four sites, SG1A (S) Upon being read the coordinates the subject's immediate verbal response was "It's a missile site." He then proceeded to generate several pages of verbal transcript material and a series of sketchesY which include an outline of the general area (Figure 3) and detail on a tall vertical structure (Figures 4 and 5). These can be compared with the intelligence source data shown in Figure 6,. There does appear to be relevant correlation between some of the subject-generated data and certain key elements of the target site. A detailed analysis of the results of the experiment is available from the contracting agency and can be provided on a need-to-know basis. D. Headquarters Strategic Air Command (SAC) (U) (U) Oil 19 July 1977 the project's contract monitor carried out a remote-viewing experiment at SRI's Radio Physics Laboratory with one of the SRI subjects. The subject was under continuous observation by the contract monitor. No SRI investigators were present. 22 Approved For Release 2003/09)Qo.%k=P96-00787ROO0500150001-2 _4W on Ifto N 1% so I Approved For Release 2 (5) STAND OF PINE TREES (confirmed) .(2) FENCE (confirmed) (1) HIGHWAY WITH INTERSECTION (confirmed) (18) LANDING STRIP (confirmed) (7) SUBTERRANEAN (confirmed - mine) SECRET FIGURE 2 SUBJECT SKETCH OF EAST EURON 23 R000500150001-2 (3) SMOKE STACKS (conf irmed) FACTORY (confirmed) (6) STORAGE FACILITY (conf irmed) SITE (S) Approved For Release 2008ffflgMnQbWDP96-OOV87ROO0500150001-2 Approved For Release 2003/09/09 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 n go Mir TALL STRUCTURE SECRET FIGURE 3 SUBJECT SKETCH OF (S) (U) The particular site used in the experiment was kept blind to the contract monitor., having been chosen by a colleague of his, so the experiment was of the double-blind type. The Site coordinates were given to the subject by the contract monitor with no further elaboration. The Subject was asked to note his impressions of the site in written form, including sketches. The response was turned over to the contract monitor in just under fifteen minutes. SG1A 24 Approved For Release 2003/e@k JLAjaP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 Approved For Release R000500150001-2 f>qv RET S EC FIGURE 4 SUBJECT SKETCH OF PERSPECTIVE VIEWS 01 SG1A F (S) 25 DOMINANT STRUCTURE, Approved For Release 204_%iM4MU4igLiQP96-OOV87ROO0500150001-2 Approved For Release 2003/0jUgQ;-rm6A rQP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 SECRET SG1A FIGURE 5 SUBJECT SKETCH OF DETAIL ON DOMINANT STRUCTURE, (S) 26 rP9 - W RIPP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 Approved For Release 2003!y .j, 0. A -&-M L'S -in SG1C Approved For Release 2003/09/09 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 Approved For Release 2003/09/09 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 Approved For Release 20voiv W%. pjiCrWruo-uU787ROO0500150001-2 (C) The Site chosen was later revealed to be the SAC Headquarters building, Offutt AFB, eight miles south of Omaha, Nebraska. Specifically, the coordinates given were those of a Minuteman Missile on display in front of the headquarters building (see Figure 7). (C) The sub-ect's first response is shown in Figure 8. His initial impressions were of shapes: a cluster of three thin vertical objects on wide@bases, and a single large tapered cylinder. These shapes do bear some resemblance to features at the SAC HQ building target site, which has three antennas on the roof, and a Minuteman Missile on display in the front. (U) The subject then rendered a plan view of the area as seen from the air (Figure 9). As is often the case, some resemblance between the target site and subject response can be discerned (lake to the southeast, runway to the northeast, segmented building with three structures on top and incline in front, etc.), but the subject's response is more sparse than the actual site (i.e., missing some structures) and contains ele- ments not confirmed (e.g., twin buildings to the south). Given the double-blind nature of the experiment and the essentially infinite pool of target possibilities, however, it is reasonable to conclude from Figures 7 through 9 that there is circumstantial evidence that some contact with the site location took place. In particular, it should be noted that there was no a priori reason for the subject to expect an airport target, and this main feature was discerned. E. Underground Nuclear Test Detection (S) (S) During the course of the contractual period, occasional opportunities for unplanned long-distance remote-viewing experiments arise. Three such targets of opportunity occurred during the period covered by this report; these were detonations of underground nuclear devices in the Nevada desert. Participation by SRI Radio Physics Laboratory personnel in the activity provided an opportunity for verifi- cation of event timing, facility layout, and so forth. Subjects were instructed to view by coordinates during time windows of a half hour that bracketed the planned detonation times. 28 Approved For Release 20C 0" r% ra 00787ROO0500150001-2 11@' mr%d4%@161,41 11J- Approved For Rel A" AP%, -R, A- L' A -Pw& -M- -IL A -V- L A-A --- 9"500150001-2 CONFIDENTIAL FIGURE 7 SAC HQ BUILDING, OFFUTT AFB. Target coordinates given to subject were those of Minuteman missile on display. (C) UNCLASSIFIED FIGURE 8 SUBJECT SKETCHES (U) 29 40- n' -r--u r% ff- IL L -r ]LA JL Approved For Relea%§ 00500150001-2 Approved For Release 20QtfMAffh#" 6-00787ROO0500150001-2 _49F no VMO (S) The subjects were not told the nature of the event nor given detail on event time. The data generated by the subjects were descrip- tive of underground nuclear detonation, an abort was recognized as such, and considerable detail on site layout and conditions was generated, some of which has been verified as being correct. Evaluation of this data is still being carried out by Radio Physics Laboratory personnel who have access to site/event data. 30 Approved For Release 200"-w4vis U0787ROO0500150001-2 _4016 %w IVICT Approved For ReleUNCLoA631WPM000787ROO0500150001-2 IV LONG-DISTANCE REMOTE VIEWING FROM A SUBMERSIBLE In July of 1977 SRI carried out experiments in remote viewing from a submersible submerged in 500 ft of sea water, approximately 500 miles from the target site. The goal of the experiment was to determine whether it was possible to transmit a message to a submerged submarine via the remote-viewing channel. The test was designed to provide not only an opportunity to determine the feasibility of psychoenergetic communication with an isolated individual, but also to provide data on the effects of environ- mental stress on psychoenergetic performance, and on the possible shielding effects of several hundred feet of sea water (known to be a good shield for all but the lowest frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum). Neither the stress, nor distance, nor seawater attenuation appeared to degrade the quality of the remote-viewing function in any way. The submersible used in the experiment was the Taurus, a five-man underwater vehicle (see Figure 10) manufactured by International Hydrodynamics Company Ltd. (HYCO) of Canada. (The Taurus was made available to SRI by Mr. Stephan Schwartz of the Philosophical Research Society of Los Angeles, who had arranged for its use in an underwater archaeology experiment.) During the experimentation discussed here, the submersible operated submerged in the waters near Santa Catalina Island, off the coast of southern California. A. Communication Experiment The protocol for the experiment was as follows. A series of six potential messages to be sent [see Table 4 in the Executive Summary (Section II)] was constructed in advance of the experiment. To each message was assigned a target location in the San Francisco Bay Area. To send a given message, a target demarcation team went at a prearranged 33 Approved For ReleMLLAS SHRUS Srl 0787ROO0500150001-2 Approved For Release 2TPfqCL *SZSff-jt7j)R000500150001-2 34 Approved For Release 20o NQL*3ZWjCf&000500150001-2 (a) PHOTOGRAPH (U) UNCLASSI F1 ED 101 btL;11U1MAL VILVV VU1 FIGURE 10 SUBMERSIBLE TAURUS (U) Approved For Reinar.NV!2V)VS:.51MID00787ROO0500150001-2 U time to the site linked to the particular message and remained there for 15 minutes. During this period a subject on-board the submersible, monitored by an investigator blind to the target pool, registered his impressions as to where the demarcation team was, 500 miles away, as per standard remote viewing protocol. Following the remote-viewing trial, the subject then consulted a list of potential targets (seen for the first time at this point), made a choice as to which target of the set was viewed, and noted the associated message. Four trials were planned in accordance with a prearranged time schedule. The first trial was aborted because the submersible did not follow its diving schedule. For the second trial the submersible was at a depth of 170 m. in water 340 m deep, and the subject was asked to describe his impressions of the location of the outbound team. (The outbound team had chosen their location to designate the particular message to be sent.) Having completed the response, the subject was handed the list of target descriptions and asked to choose which of the six target locations appeared to match the description. Figure 11 shows the subject's response. The outbound team had chosen the large oak tree shown in the figure. (An interesting note: Because of a timing error the subject's narrative began while the out- bound team was still enroute to the target site.) The subject correctly (and extensively) described a large tree, and also correctly described a drop-off behind the outbound team. In this experiment the subject was able to identify the correct target on the list and was thus able to obtain the associated correct message, "Rendezvous at Pickup Point Three." The third trial aborted because of a lack of synchronization between submarine dives and target visitation., For the fourth trial, the out- bound team again went at a prearranged time to one of six possible locations., chosen from a new list, a shopping mall shown in Figure 12. In this trial the submersible rested on the bottom in 78 meters of water. Figure 13 shows the subject's response to the target. The'subject correctly indicated the flat stone flooring, small pool, reddish stone 35 Approved For ReleUNcOLoAS-SIWMe~'nO787ROO0500150001-2 q9rJ 04 LO LO 04 0 LL 0 CL CL (n) ,'WO41 PU!40q J4!10 e JO apesiled e io :go-doip e si aiall aj!j slool Isowle ajaq_L -waqj puiqaq a3eds 10 101 e pue @oil Ilei o6nq 'AjOA 'AjE)A V -IOE)fqo 6uiwool Ilei MOA V_ :819M spiom lsjij sjoalqnS 'eiujoj!jeO 'AaIFA 0101JOd ui dollpq e uo Neo luelb e sem 136je I -LL6L Ainr 9L JO w OVE NI d330 w OLL :t U39vynN IN3iNIH3dX3 318IS83mm LL 3unou 04 LO LO 04 0 LL 0 CL CL (331:41SSVIONn Approved For ReleasbURCKCV0 -un A.:SIS-FFqEE-E)787ROO0500150001-2 UNCLASSIFIED FIGURE 12 SHOPPING MALL TARGET USED IN SUBMERSIBLE EXPERIMENT NUMBER 2 (U) 37 Approved For ReleasJJN)GLASSid~ii;rD87ROO0500150001-2 (n) .,,a3eds pasoloue ue 'punoie Buillem 'sjoop o6jel 1>11em ouois qsippej 'lood llews 'silem '6uiAooll ouols iel=l,, :saij!luap! Allooiloo buimeip sjoalqnS eiujoj!ieo 'm8'A uie:tunoiN ui liew buiddoLls sem 196je 8 H VYq _L 'INO1108 3H_L NO d330 w 8L :Z H38vqnN _LN3AI83dX3 3-1 IS 3 nS 04 Lf) Lf) awl Ir ov 17 rr""Q ^_'7Apr%jw ww' OL LL 0 CL CL 6 8 E)I=l L 3 n 031JISSVIONn 04 Lf) Lf) La 00 LL 0 CL CL Approved For Relear-O 0787ROO0500150001-2 VJ MICIM sm"FID walk, and people walking around in an enclosed space. When shown the target list., the subject chose the correct target location and was thus able to "receive" the associated message. Thereforel in the two trials that were actually carried out from the submersible., the subject in each case selected the correct one out of six messages. B. Examination of the ELF Hypothesis one of our purposes in experimenting with remote viewing from a submersible was to test the extremely-low-frequency (ELF) electromagnetic hypothesis put forward by I. M. Kogan of the Soviet Union, who suggests that information transfer under conditions of sensory shielding is 20- 23 mediated by ELF waves with wavelengths in the 300-to-1000-km region. To determine the significance of the success of the communications experiment with regard to the ELF hypothesis, we must examine the shielding effect of 170 m of sea water. The appropriate calculations have been carried out by the authors for another project; we quote the salient features here. Three modes of propagation have to be considered. They are the TE, TM, and quasi-TEM modes of propagation. (The latter is generally assumed in Project Sanguine/Seafarer calculations, where one considers coupling into the spherical resonant cavity comprised of the earth's surface as the inner radiusl and the ionosphere as the outer radius. 24 Table 6 shows the minimum attenuation results for the three cases.9 assuming a depth of 170 m and a frequency of 10 Hz (approximate brainwave frequency). We see that in all cases there is greater than 20 dB (factor of 100) attenuation of a 10-Hz ELF signal. C. Preliminary Conclusions Preliminary conclusions of the submersible experiment are as follows: 39 A '"'69A9CS4fqFp()0787ROO0500150001-2 Approved For ReIe4#NV,,.YI. P. 3 Approved For Release C P96 00787ROO0500150001-2 RUA @9 TF I _E D Table 6 SUBMARINE EXPERIMENT (ELF Hypothesis) Depth: 170 in Maximum-Transmission TE Wave (Normal Incidence.9 10 Hz) Rsurface 44.8 dB loss Rattn 18.6 dB Total 63.4 dB Maximum-Transmission IM Wave (Grazing Incidencey 10 Hz) Rsurface 3.4 dB loss Rattn 18.6 dB Total 22.0 dB Maximum-Transmission Quasi-TEM Wave (Grazing Incidence, 10 Hz) Rsurface 50.3 dB loss Rattn 18.6 dB Total 68.9 dB ~ Remote viewing appears to be a successful approach for achieving a land/submersible communication link. ~ Under the least-loss case (near-grazing IM wave), the attenuation for an ELF signal at 10 Hz is 18.6 dB at 170 in, to which must be added the air/surface reflection loss. (The air/surface interface adds another 3.4 dB.) The results are therefore suggestive that the postulated ELF electromagnetic radiation mechanism is not viable as a mechanism for remote viewing. However, a definitive test requires a series 40 Approved For Relea 2Q02LY/A @tjffff 787ROO0500150001-2 U RL Approved For ReleaUNC3jL9AS64F4FE00787ROO0500150001-2 of experiments carried out at, say, 1000 m, where 10-Hz attenuation reaches 110 dB. 0 Although the subjects indicated that they had experienced some degree of stress due to cramped conditions and seasickness., these environmental factors did not appear to affect the quality of performance deleteriously. 41 Approved For ReleaUNCLAS-I&I ffrnt'mr- DO 7 8 7 RO 0 0 5 0 015 0 0 01-2 Approved For Release 2Q2.:J4WP tCIArZDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 16 V REMOTE VIEWING OF OBJECTS., PICTURES, AND SYMBOLS (U) (U) For simple communication experiments, training procedures, and so forth, it would be desirable to dispense with the relatively cumber- some procedure of remote viewing of natural sites and substitute the remote viewing of small objects, pictures, symbols, and the like. In this section we discuss experiments undertaken to determine the feasi- bility of such a substitution. A. Experiments with Objects in Metal Containers (U) (U) An experiment was carried out in which a subject was asked to render descriptions of objects hidden in small light-tight metal con- tainers (35-mm film cans) located 1/8 miledistant from the subject's location. Further, the location of the object was known to the subject only as being on the person of an investigator outbound to an unknown site. (S) The purpose of the experiment was to test (1) whether such a process constitutes a useful communication channel as claimed by the Soviets, 22 (2) whether a target needs to be illuminated in order to be detected by psychoenergetic processes (e.g., can one look inside a darkened safe?), and (3) whether resolution on the order of millimeters can be obtained. (U) Ten trials were carried out. Each target was chosen by a random-number process from the target pool that was prepared in advance by an independent investigator. All investigators involved in carrying out the experiment were kept blind both as to particular targets and as to the contents of the target pool as a whole. (U) In detail, an investigator not otherwise associated with this series (Investigator A) was asked to select ten objects and to seal each in a separate film can. The film cans were then turned over to a second 43 Approved For Release 20031MIMV:IMIC-PIDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 Approved For Release 2003/09/09 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 UNCLASSIFIED M investigator (Investigator B), who was not told the contents. Invest*- gator B then numbered the can tops 1 to 10 without opening the cans, taking care to handle them in such a way as to avoid gaining any information as to their contents. Investigator B then placed the box of pans in a secure safe. During the experiment the target cans were used without replacement until the ten possibilities were exhausted. (U) At the beginning of each experiment, the subject was closeted with Investigator C in an isolated windowless room of the Radio Physics Laboratory in the SRI complex. Investigator B then generated a random number by the use of the random-number function on a Texas Instruments Model SR-51 hand calculator., obtained the associated can from the target poo1in the safe, and took it to a convenient location in a park near SRI.@ The outbound investigator (Investigator B) remained at the remote location for a ten-minute target period, beginning at a previously agreed-upon time, with the film can still unopened. (U) During the target period the subject was asked to locate the outbound investigator and to describe the contents of the film can in his possession. Since the investigator with the subject (Investigator C) was ignorant of both the particular target and the contents of the target pool, he was free to question the subject about his perceptions without fear of cueing. The entire interaction in the laboratory was tape recorded, and the subject was encouraged to make drawings to accompany his verbal description of the film-can contents. (U) Following the target period, outbound Investigator B returned to the laboratory, at which time all concerned (subject and Investigators B and C) learned the contents of the target film can by opening it. This was the first time in the entire course of' the experiment that an association could be made between a numbered can top and a given target objedt. (U)'Because targets were used without replacement, when a previously used number came up, the random-number generator was reactivated until an unused number was obtained. 44 Approved For Relea @-&0787RO00500150001-2 13 Rif tk§ 5W f I D Approved For Releas-P-29) 0787ROO0500150001-2 UNMRSSIMMY (U) To facilitate analysis, it was decided in advance that the experimental series of ten trials would be broken down into two sub- groups of five trials each. Thus, in the blind rank-order procedure used (described below), a judge was asked to compare each target against five transcripts--one generated during the target period of interest and four generated during the other target periods of the subgroup. This procedure of breaking up trials into subgroups is a standard one designed to reduce the difficulty of comparing each target against a long series of all transcripts. (U) In preparation for the judging of each subgroup, the subject's tapes were transcribed. The resulting transcripts were then edited by Investigator B only to the extent of deleting references to previous days' targets. The transcripts were then labeled A, B, C, D, E in a random order by use of the SR-51 random number generator. Each set of five transcripts (with associated drawings) was then turned over to an independent judge with the following instructions: "The five film cans with randomly numbered tops which contain objects constituted targets in five successive 'remote viewing' experiments. The subject's five response packets containing tape transcripts and associated drawings, one packet for each experiment, are to be matched to the film can contents. The response packets are unnumbered and presented in random order, so the matching is of the blind type; that is,, no indication is being given as to which packet was generated in response to which target. In carrying out the matching process, the judge must realize that the subject is instructed simply to give descriptive impressions as to the characteristics of a target, as opposed to trying to interpret or identify or name the target. This is based on the known fact that in psychoenergetic functioning, as in other subliminal perception processes., first impressions as to form, color, and texture tend to be correct, but further efforts to analyze and interpret tend to lead to incorrect 'analytical overlay.' As an aid in judging with regard to this particular concept, we ask that as part of the judging exercise the judge should, before reading any subject transcript, examine all the targets, and write down for his own use a list of target descriptors (rather than names) for each item. 45 Approved For ReleaU fM/ACOM FF)MB0787ROO0500150001-2 9-5-1 Approved For Release UK 03QI09: CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 CLASSIFIED The details of the judging procedure, which involve filling in the accompanying matrix (see attached form), * are as follows. Select the lowest numbered can and examine its contents. Then read through the packets with the goal of determining best to worst description of this particular target. When the rank ordering is complete for this target, enter the rank order numbers, 1. 2, 3, 4, 5, best to worst match., beside the appropriate transcript letter in the first column. Then examine the contents of the next lowest numbered can., again ranking the packets best to worst match, and likewise enter the rank order numbers,, 1-5, best to worst match, beside the appropriate transcript letter in the second column., and so on. The rank ordering for each target is to be done independently of the previous rank orderings, so that, for example, a given packet may be chosen first place match for more than one target if that provides the best ordering of descriptions. When the task is complete., the entire matrix should be filled in, at which time the packets are to be returned." (U) As an example of the quality of description obtained, the results generated in the first subgroup of five are shown in Figure I in the Executive Summary (Section II of this report). The captions contain quotes from the subject's first paragraph of each description. For a spool and a pin we have: "It's definitely something thin and long-with like a nail head at the end-silver colored;" for a curled up leaf: "a nautilus shape with a tail;" for a leather belt keyring: "Th@6 strongest image I get is like a belt;" for a can of sand: "like a miniature tower-scalloped bottom... light beige;" for a grey and white quill: "like a penguin... grey and black and white... it's organic and has been alive... pointed or slightly rounded off at the top... open or Pointed at the bottom." (U) The judge's blind rank-order assessment for the entire ten- trial series is shown in Table 7(b). In the blind rank ordering of each target against five transcripts consisting of the appropriate transcript (U) The judge was given a blank matrix to be filled in. For the form of the matrix., see Table 7(a), which is an e-.xample of a filled-in matrix. The numbers correspond to the judge's rank-ordering assess- ments; the circles indicate the actual transcript/target pair. 46 Approved For Relea J)Q3MJ!A. ftfQP_@Q-JY87ROO0500150001-2 SUNC F FE Approved For Re leasp jqr19j9S(SArFqFFtj0787 R000500150001-2 Table 7 (U) DISTRIBUTION OF RANKINGS ASSIGNED TO SUBJECT RESPONSE PACKETS ASSOCIATED WITH EACH TARGET (U) (a) Example of Judging Matrix (First Five-Trial Subgroup) Transcri t Can Number p Letter 3 4 7 1 8 9 A (D 5 4 4 5 B 5 4 3 3 (1) C 3 3 (D 1 2 D 4 (1) 5 5 4 E 2 2 2 3 (b) Analysis Experiment Can Number Target Rank of Associated Packet 1 4 Spool and pin 1 2 7 Leaf 1 3 3 Keyring 1 4 8 Sand 2 5 9 Quill 1 6 1 Stamps 1 7 2 Plastic pig 5 8 10 Whistle 4 9 6 Metal spring 2 10 5 Doll I Total sum of ranks (10 trials/5 rankings each) 19 Probability of result by chance 26 p 0.009 47 Approved For ReletMC*,.9,-A,9,c-,94flef)0787ROO0500150001-2 Approved For Release nQjrA&f 12_ckrt 87ROO0500150001-2 011C FT 'd (U) and four othersY six of the ten transcripts were correctly matched, and two were matched in second place, a result significant at p = 0.009 (i.e.,, the probability of obtaining such a ranking by chance is less than I in a hundred). (U) It thus appears that small objects can be discriminated by psychoenergetic processes, and that the channel functions down to at least the order of one millimeter spatial resolution. Finally, success- ful use of the light-tight cans indicates that the light level required to illuminate the target can be vanishingly small. t B. Abstract Targeting of Building Interiors (U) (U) For the past several years we have been conducting remote- Vlewing experiments in which a subject in the laboratory is able to describe accurately the interior of a remote building given only geographical coordinates or a known outbound investigator on whom to target. In our E!Xperience, the outbound investigator need not be inside the building for the subject to provide an accurate description of the inside. It is sufficient for him to be in the general neighborhood of the building in question. (U) We had not, however, previously carried out an experiment to determine whether an experienced subject could describe the inside of a building, given only an envelope containing a photograph of the target (U)@ Ihe appropriate analysis for preferential-ranking data is given in Ref. 25. The analysis requires that the ranking for each target be carried out independently--that is, with replacement--and the judge was so instructed. Evidence that this requirement was adhered to, to a close approximation, is provided by examination of Table 7(a), where thelcorrect matching of four targets out of five did not yield an automatic match for the fifth, and Transcript C was twice selected as a first-place match (Targets 7 and 8). t(U),The film cant; were tested for light-tightness by exposing the cans containing 400 ASA Tri-X film to 30 flashes of a 1200 watt-second strobe light at 3.1 inches; photodensitometer traces showed no light explosure as compared with unexposed control film. 48 Approved For Relea U twaA tea I Iffrep 787ROO0500150001-2 Approved For Release 2003/09/09 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 UNCLASSIFIED M building. Therefore, we designed an experiment that involved handing the subject photographs of the outsides of buildings in the San Francisco Bay Area. In order to assure the absence of analytical guessing, the photos remained sealed inside opaque photographic enve- lopes throughout the experiment. The envelope plus its contents thus constituted an abstract targeting procedure. (See discussion in fourth paragraph of Section III-A.) (U) The targets., all stand-alone buildings in the Palo Alto areal were as follows: an indoor swimming pool, movie theater, public library, bowling alley, fire station, grocery store, auto showroom, airport hangar., research building, and Chinese restaurant. In each case a photo was taken in a manner to best conceal the true nature of the building. This was done to discriminate against simple remote viewing of an envelope's contents in favor of the contents acting as a means to target on the site in accordance with the goal of the experiment. (U) Ten trials were carried outl two per day over a period of five days. Each target was chosen by random-number generator access to the target pool, and the investigator with the subject was kept blind to the target. The randomly selected target envelope was handed to the subject for his assessment as to the structure, purpose., and activity associated with the site represented by the envelope's contents. The session was tape recorded and the subject was encouraged to generate sketches of the site to accompany his narrative. (U) After completion of each trial, the subject was allowed to open the envelope and look at the picture. At this point a second phase of the experiment was initiated in which the subject was asked to render a second interpretation of the site on the basis of the photograph. Finally, the subject was given feedback as to the exact nature of the building in question. (U) In the evaluation of this experiment it was clear that none of the subject's descriptions or drawings had more than a superficial resemblance to the target building under consideration. Neither the 49 asp Approved For Rele MWERS, @fthpfb 0787ROO0500150001-2 Approved For Release 2003/09" i:=r96-00787ROO0500150001-2 #.V VMNO M an a (U) unseen nor the seen photograph allowed the su:bject to make significant comments or drawings with regard to the intended target. The failure of these particular experiments contrasts sharply with the high degree of Success achieved by the same subject during several years of work in our laboratory, and also with other successful experiments carried out during the same experimental period. @ (U) There are several possible factors that could contribute to the subject's inability to describe the remote buildings in these experiments. First, it must be recognized that it may be impossible to do the task required. We tend to discount this idea, since another gifted subject has apparently been able to do this task under similar conditions.3 A more likely explanation, in our opinion, is that the subject was overworked in this experimental series: A total of 30 trials of various types were carried out in a five-day period. This far exceeds the subject's previous work pace, and the subject complained of great fatigue at the end of many of the days. Further efforts along this line should be pursued before a final determinatiOrL is made as to the feasi- bility of this procedure. C. Experiments with Analytical Targets (U) (S) in the course of this program we carried out several series of communications experiments involving the attempted transmission, from one laboratory to another, of analytical targets (numbers, letters, words). These series were initiated in an effort to assess reports of Soviet activities in this area. one of the Soviet experiments involved the transmission of numbers (decimal digits 0 through 9) with a claimed yield of 105 out of 135 digits. The a priori probability of such a result occurring by chance is p - 10-77 . an extremely significant result 26 if true. 1. Alphanumeric Targets (U) (U) In this series an investigator in one laboratory cycled through a set of targets by means of a random protocol, while a percipient, 50 Approved For Release 2003 "4-RPP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 Approved For mw@" "mmo@787RO00500150001-2 %0 (U) isolated in another laboratory, registered his responses. In some experiments the percipient knew the elements of the target pool (e.g., digits 0 through 9), while in others the target pool was essentially unknown (e.g., dictionary words). Target content for the various series was as follows: ten decimal digits--O through 9; five written color words--yellow, red, blue, green, black; three alphanumerics--A, 1, 0; three specific words--cat, house, rhinoceros; and an open-ended list of random dictionary words. Computer analysis of the total of 1,100 trials completed indicated that the results in each case do not deviate significantly from chance expectation. (C) In addition to the above laboratory experiments carried out within SRI, a long-distance (Ohio-California) communication experiment utilizing binary digits (0, 1) as targets was undertaken. Each working day for a two-week period the contract monitor placed on display at his location a three-digit binary number, of which there are eight possi- bilities (000, 001, ... 111). At an agreed-upon time a subject located at the Radio Physics Laboratory at SRI, Menlo Park, California, attempted to perceive the three-digit number. The results of this experiment also did not deviate significantly from chance expectation. (U) We thus found in our experimentation an inability on the part of subjects to perceive alphanumeric material. This result is con- sonant with our general findings--namely, in paranormal perception the patterns of correct versus incorrect responses indicate specialization characteristic of the nonanalytic part of the brain's cognitive apparatus. This part of the brain is thought to deal mainly with spatial and holistic processing, in contrast to specialization in verbal or analytical functioning. 27-29 2. Color/Shape Targets (Parallels Between Remote Perce and Ordinary Perception) (U) (U) In an effort to devise an approach that might begin to train analytic perception ability, one of the program subjects devel- oped a gradient series of perception tasks that mimic the known 51 Approved For Re. A011@,Ah.AAPJffi@@ M-1k ---- R000500150001-2 1 &0 LN I'm Iff-se. :~C.A-R[?P96-00787ROO0500150001-2 Approved For Release 200@_IRTPX r r 16 M development of ordinary perception. The decision to follow such a protocol was derived from data indicating that the laws of paranormal perception are congruent with, rather than skew to, the laws that govern ordinary perception, especially under conditions of subliminal 30 presentation. (U) The approach was based on a specific perceptual orientation process known to hold in ordinary perception of color. The perceptual process of interest was the well-documented scale of increasing sensi- tivity to color tones. Cross-cultural studies of 98 separate linguistic stocks indicate that., from culture to culture, perception of color tones in the environment begins with discrimination first of black and white (dull/bright); then red is added as a color, then yellow or green followed by the other, then blue, brown, and finally purple, pink, oraA ge, and grey. Although these latter are undistinguished at first, discrimination between them eventually occurs. 31 (U) On the hypothesis that perhaps a similar gradient is followed by an individual in the development of paranormal perception, a lengthy pilot series of several hundred trials was carried out with an experienced subject to determine, in a simple lab-to-lab remote target card sequence, whether any correlation existed between color impressions, brightness/ dull7ess impressions, and accuracy of symbol recognition. (The symbols used@were 0, T, and A of various colors.) A post hoc analysis of the data indicated that in those cases where the subject was correct in his impression as to whether the target was bright (white, yellow) or dull (blue, black), he was able to recognize the symbol to a statistically significant degree. (S)@This lengthy @series on detailed alphanumeric material preceded the SG1A subject's viewing of F__ I(Section III), which yielded one Of the better, more detailed remote viewing results on the program. Therefore, we might conjecture along with the subject that the remote- viewing practice that occurred in this series may have helped to strengthen and sharpen the subject's skills. 52 Approved For Release 2003LQTD~,:Jli:-ILP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 Approved For ReleUMAbg&cA§4f4EeDO787ROO0500150001-2 @ M__% W (U) Based on the above observation., a second experienced subject was tested over a three-day period. This subject was instructed to attempt to differentiate remote target card symbols (0, T, A of various colors) first on the basis of the dichotomy dull/bright, and then with regard to shape, and only finally with regard to color. (Specifically, the subject was encouraged to reject premature mental discrimination processes based on color perception.) After noting an apparent learning curve in the datal a final test run was carried out before subject departure on the third day. For this run only, the subject was instructed to reject color perception altogether, and to simply indicate bright/dull followed by symbol shape. This test resulted in correct recognition of 10 out of 12 shapes consisting of the three symbols (0, T, A) of various colors randomly intermixed. The probability of such a result occurring by chance in less than one is 1800 (i.e., p < 5.5 x 10- 4). on the basis of these preliminary results., further experimentation with this protocol will be carried out to determine whether the approach can lead to stable paranormal perception of alphanumeric targets, a task that has so far eluded parapsychology workers in this country. 53 Approved For ReleUJ%GL9" S111RUMb0787ROO0500150001-2 Approved For ReleatJ RMMCf/AMPrM787R000500150001-2 FMX; VI ROLE OF FEEDBACK IN REMOTE VIEWING EXPERIMENTS A. Background Discussion It is standard practice in our laboratory, and in others, to provide subjects with feedback as to their results in paranormal perception experiments. This procedure is based on two factors: (1) the recognition in learning theory that feedback is important in learning any skill, and (2) the observation that subjects indeed do better when feedback is supplied. For most ordinary (non-paranormal) tasks, the role that feedback plays appears relatively straightforward. In paranormal experimentation, however, precognition of future events sometimes seems to occur. This raises the possibility that in paranormal perception experiments some part of the information obtained is a result of precognitive access to future feedback rather than direct remote viewing. If so, feedback to the subject would play a more substantive role in paranormal experimenta- tion than is usually the case. As a corollary, the withholding of feedback in paranormal experimentation could be especially deleterious. Feinberg of Columdia has even suggested that perhaps all of the informa- 32 tion in remote viewing comes via precognition of feedback. In any case, there is strong evidence that feedback is an essential element for successful remote viewing, whether the reasons be simply psychological or more substantive, perhaps even physical. Therefore two experiments were undertaken to determine to what degree remote viewing could be elicited under conditions where the subject never receives feedback as to the target. B. Experimentation In these experiments, each of two subjects independently made six remote-viewing trials. Both subjects were experienced in the remote- viewing task and have produced reliable and successful results in the past. 55 Approved For ReleaUf4COL/A-a"la~fftE6D787ROO0500150001-2 Approved For Release UNOdEaffri 6gb87ROO0500150001-2 In experiments with one subject we carried out six trials of standard remote viewing of local targets in the San Francisco Bay area with no feedback as to the target location visited by the outbound investigators. Instead, the subject was taken each day to a different one of a set of "feedback" locations,, none of which were in the target pool for remote viewing. The subject was informed as to the nature of the experiment and knew that his task was to describe the place visited by the investigators, rather than the place he was to be shown after the experiment. The experiment nonetheless provided an opportunity to observe whether he would in fact describe the "feedback" site in place of the target site. The outcome of the experiment was determined by the blind matching of an independent judge. The judge was given a listing of the target sites in random order and a similar listing of the feedback sites, also in random order without being told which was which. He was also given the @six transcripts produced by the subject. The judge then had two tasks. He had to rank-order the transcripts, as he thought they applied to each of the sites. This was done both for the target sites and the "feedback" sites. In blind matching of the subject's response to both the target locations and the feedback locations,, no deviation from chance expecta- tion was found. In each case the judge correctly matched one target- transcript pair, which is the result expected by chance. If it had turned out that the matching of the transcripts to the target sites had been significant, it would have been evidence for direct perception of the site at the time of the outbound investigator's visit to that site. if., on the other hand., there had been significance in the matching of the transcripts to the feedback sites, we would have concluded that the subject tends to describe primarily the location about which he is eventually given feedback. The result, however, was that his effort to target on the correct site appeared to suffer in the absence of rele- vant feedback, but he was not diverted into describing an irrelevant false feedback target. 56 Approved For Releas-e-MG J109j: 787ROO0500150001-2 AJ_Nt L A §UPIT-b Approved For ReIUMEA19 SlfifD-00787ROO0500150001-2 In experiments with a second subject, we first carried out three standard experiments in the remote viewing of local San Francisco Bay Area sites with feedback. These were successful trials in which the subject described a secure map room., an outdoor swimming pool, and a church in sufficient detail for the transmission of a five-bit error- corrected message. (See Appendix D for a description of the application of the remote viewing of natural targets as a vehicle for message trans- mission with built-in error correcti4?:n.) We then carried out three trial6' without feedback,, in which the subject gave descriptions that in nolway matched the targets. This was then followed by a final trial with feedback to establish whether the functioning would return. In this case the outbound investigators selected by the random-number generator protocol., the control tower at the Palo Alto airport, a location never before seen by this subject. The target was immediately describedlon tape as a "tower like building... rising out of organic petal shaped bushes. It is quite square with an enlarged tip on the top." A photograph of the tower,, together with his drawing of it are shown in Figure 14., It would thus appear that reinsti- tuting the feedback condition rehabilitated the functioning. C. Conclusions 1. General Taken together as a series, this experiment consisted of 13 indivi- dual remote-viewing experiments with:experienced subjects. of the 13 trials they made,, none of those without feedback were successfulY and all those with feedback were. From this we must conclude that., at least for the two subjects examined, who are ordinarily quite reliable,- feed- back to the subject is an important aspect of the remote-viewing protocol. We cannot, of course, conclude that feedback is essential for substantive (e.g., physical) reasonsY since the above series did not separate out psychological factors. In fact., both subjects expressed the feeling that the no-feedback condition was psychologically very frustrating to them. 57 Approved For Rel(UN(gtO*$:.%I-C-11MG00787ROO0500150001-2 FTTVK Approved For Release 20nzi OfLzR7ROO0500150001-2 i0I UNCLASSIFIED FIGURE 14 PALO ALTO AIRPORT TOWER TARGET. Described by subject as a square stone tower rising out of foliage at its base. (U) 58 Approved For Release 20 "W i CAA J:'0111MIEWRO00500150001-2 5.1153 Approved For Releaps W(f/ASCMTPrM787ROO0500150001-2 U I Is 1%W The next appropriate series of experiments with these normally successful subjects would be to intermix, on a random schedule, feedback and no-feedback trials, to eliminate any effect of psychological pre- disposition that a subject might have with regard to a given trial being carried out without feedback. At this point, however, we can conclude that feedback is important, whatever the cause. 2. Recent Results In the follow-on to the program reported here, we addressed the issue as to whether it was possible in principle to obtain information in the absence of feedback. Furthermore, the experiment was designed to factor out the psychological component: the subject did not know on a given trial whether feedback would be provided. The goal of this experiment was to determine if paranormal perceptual abilities could be elicited under conditions in which., for half the trials., on a random basis, the subject would never receive feedback as to his trial-by-trial performance. The task of this experiment was for the subjects to determine which one of ten digits, 0-9, had been chosen by an electronic random number generator and stored in a computer. The entire experiment was software programmed on a standard commercial microcomputer with typewriter/video 1.0. (Polymorphic Systems Model 8813 microcomputer). The subject indicated his choice by striking the appropriate key on the computer terminal. In a run of 20 trials, the subject received immediate feed- back for only ten of his choices, on a randomly determined schedule. In the feedback casesY the correct number was printed on the video terminal as soon as the subject made his selection. In the cases with- out feedback, the computer printed the words NO FEEDBACK, and went on to the next trial. Hits and misses were accumulated internally and only the totals were displayed at the end of each run of 20 trials. Results for all subjects were accumulated in a separate, protected file. Ten subjects were studied: seven controls (SRI volunteers) and three subjects a priori labeled "experienced." The seven SRI volunteers 59 Approved For ReleaU W*/AC-C Jf9tE6J)D787R000500150001-2 Approved For Release no - CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 cffiffAssIFIED did not produce scores differing from chance expectation in either experimental condition (FEEDBACK or NO FEEDBACK). All three of the experienced subjects, on the other hand, did produce individually significant departures from chance scoring. of these, one subject scored significantly in the NO FEEDBACK case (p < 0.01, or odds of less than 1 in a hundred of such a result being obtained by chance). Thus it would appear that although feedback may play an extremely important psychological, and perhaps more substantive (e.g., physical) role, it is not absolutely essential. 60 JWTX :.@ffffMR000500150001-2 Approved For Release -U 511-5 1 Approved For RelejySf t!lf9A9,ZgiflletYO787ROO0500150001-2 a. I-% ftf VII REMOTE PERCEPTION OF AUDIO SIGNALS In assessing the possibility of remote sensing by modalities other than visual, we conducted an experiment in which the primary remote- sensing task was on audio one. We feel that the success of our earlier remote-viewing experiments has resulted from the following considerations: ~ The targets have been "natural scenes" rather than contrived visual stimuli. ~ The subjects were encouraged to describe nonanalytic features of the targets rather than to analyze the scene. ~ The experiments were conducted in a relaxed atmosphere with approximately one trial per day. ~ Whenever possible, immediate feedback was provided to the subject. These considerations served as a basis for the design of the remote audio experiment. Ten musical pieces were chosen for the target pool. These targets were selected on the basis of a nearly balanced mixture of classical, nonclassicall vocal and nonvocal music. The pool of ten pieces were chosen to keep the set as orthogonal as possible with regard to feeling, rhythm, instruments, and overall gestalt; they are listed in Table 8. In each trial a music tape was played for ten minutes in a building 1/8 mile distant from the subject to provide sufficient isolation to ensure no audio leakage path. As with the cans experiment (Section V), the ten trials were divided into two groups of five trials each. The procedure for random-number generator access to the pool of target tapes was the same as in the cans experiment, and the investigator monitoring the subject was, as usual, kept blind to the contents of the target pool. 61 Approved For ReleUME-A- Slfppmf@0787RO00500150001-2 As. Vx@ Table 8 MUSIC TARGET POOL WITH PARTIAL ATTRIBUTE LIST Tape Recording I Olatunji.' Drums of Passion 2 Sitar of India 3 Rachmaninoff: Vespers 4 Bach Organ Favorites 5 Mozart--The Complete Works for Piano 6 Come from the Shadows 7 The Concert for Bangla Desh 8 An Evening Wasted with Tom Lehrer 9 Vivaldi: The Complete Flute Concertos 10 Also Sprach Zarathustra Selection Oya. (Primitive Fire) Dhun ihinjhoti Glory to God in the Highest Fugue in D Minor Sonata in F Major, k. 497 Love Song to a Stranger Wah-Wah Elements Concerto in C Major for Piccolo Same Artist/Composer Olatunji Kamar Rachmaninoff J. S. Bach W. Mozart Joan Baez Romantic George Harrison Loud Tom Lehrer Humor Vivaldi Lilting R. Strauss Ponderous Mood Description Rousing African drums Melodic Sitar + tabla Meditative Russian church music a capella Powerful Strong organ music Relaxing Piano music Clear vocal love song Acid rock; crowd noise Nonsense patter song Baroque flute music Heav orchestra Y selection > 0 M am -n 0 M 0 U) M CK) 0 0 ZW In 0 r-C) >MM 0 > ;a W MT 0 00 4 00 4 0 0 0 0 C? I h3 Approved For Re1eUTWf9 StFfrl(Y0787ROO0500150001-2 As in the remote-viewing experiments, the subject was encouraged to describe his impression of the overall mood of the remote audio "scene," and specifically discouraged from guessing the name of the musical number. The subject's comments were recorded for later transcription. Since the target tapes were chosen to be extremely different from each other, and since the monitor was to act as a judge, no feedback was given at the end of each trial to either subject or monitor. The judging technique employed was the rank-ordering procedure described for the canister experiments. The results of the rank-ordering analysis are shown in Tables 9 and 10. of the two series of five trials, the second was the better. Three of the five transcripts were first-place matched without difficulty, as the correspondences between the transcripts and associated musical selections were excellent. (In the first series, there were no first- place matches, although three of the five were second-place matched.) Thus., there is possibly some indication of learning in this new task. Statistically, the odds of obtaining the observed matching results by chance are I in 2.3 and I in 12.5 for the first and second series, respectively. Therefore, considering that some of the individual cor- respondences were quite detailed and accurateY and considering that one of our other subjects (not present for this experiment) had performed exceptionally well in similar tests conducted in a different research laboratory, we would not conclude that this is a definitive null result. However, more experimentation is necessary to define the characteristics of this particular form of channel, and better statistical results would be required to place the results on a solid footing with regard to a positive interpretation. 63 Approved For ReleUMCA.D.9,,-A.9.r-,94flEID0787ROO0500150001-2 Approved For Release 2003/09/09 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 UNCLASSIFIED Table 9 DISTRIBUTION OF RANKINGS ASSIGNED TO SUBJECT RESPONSE PACKETS ASSOCIATED WITH EACH TARGET FOR SERIES 1 Experiment Tape Musical Target Rank of Associated Transcript 1 7 Concert for Bangla Desh 4 2 1 Drums of Passion 2 3 10 Also Sprach Zarathustra 2 4 2 Sitar of India 2 5 4 1 Bach Fugue in D Minor 4 Total Sum of Ranks 14 odds of Such a Result by Chance I in 2.3 Table 10 DISTRIBUTION OF RANKINGS ASSIGNED TO SUBJECT RESPONSE PACKETS ASSOCIATED WITH EACH TARGET FOR SERIES 2 Experiment Tape Musical Target Rank of Associated Transcript 6 6 Baez Love Song to a I Stranger 7 9 Concerto for Piccolo 3 8 5 Mozart Sonata in F Major 1 9 8 The Elements 1 10 3 Vespers 4 Total Sum of Ranks 10 odds of Such a Result by Chance 1 in 12.5 64 Approved For Release 2003/09/09 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 200"1W - - 0787ROO0500150001-2 @ftp so %0 9% 16 1 VIII SUBJECT-INDUCED EQUIPMENT PERTURBATION EFFECTS (U) (S) The study of human/machine interactions as a psychoenergetic process has posed great difficulties for serious investigators. Among these difficulties are the combined facts that the reported effects tend to be small,, and the local environment has rarely been monitored for causes alternative to the proposed psychoenergetic effects. In addition,, one finds that the strongest effects are reported as occurring with the most controversial and/or suspect subjects. out of this collection of questionable experimentation (and often poor reporting), emerge, however, a few provocative experimental results suggesting that further careful examination may be worthwhile and possibly rewarding. Such studies would provide valuable data for assessing whether the area of subject- induced equipment failures poses a potential threat. A. Strain-Gauge Experiments (U) (U) As a result of technical contacts with Prof. John Hasted., Birkbeck College, University of London,, we have developed an interest in attempting to confirm his clain031 34 that he has observed inelastic and elastic deformations of metal bars by some kind of remote human inter- action. During these experiments the subjects are reported to cause effects without any physical contact with the metal. (U) In an effort to replicate Hasted's results, we have con- structed an electrically shielded enclosure having more than 135 dB RF attenuation from 10 kHz to 10 MHz and plexiglass sides (to shield against air currents). Within this enclosure is an experimental system of resistive strain gauges attached to a thin metal bar. These are wired as a temperature-compensating bridge and connected to battery-operated amplifiers and recording instruments. At present we can detect changes in the length of the bar on the order of 500 angstroms and applied transverse forces of approximately 100 mg. To date, we have been 65 Approved For Release 2aOmm"wR%ffMDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 ftO Lo - I - 9- 6 J- Approved For ReleaseLMe/t :4%W1 L b87ROO0500150001-2 (U) successful in isolating and correcting several sources of artifact, and have obtained hours of artifact-free baseline operation. All of the data will be magnetically recorded for later computer analysis, and a simple strip-chart record will provide immediate feedback to the subject of any changes in the bar. We are encouraged with the progress of artifact isolation., and we will begin to task subjects to attempt to perturb the isolated metal bar during the foLlow-on program. (U) Should experimentation reveal genuine subject-induced pertur- bations, we will determine whether such effects can be used as a mepsage-transmission device (remote telegraph). B. Random-Event Generator Experiments (U) (U) Another class of experiments that have been extensively reported are those that involve alleged human/machine interaction with electronic random-event generators. In these experiments, digital electronic noise derived either from a thermal noise source or from the decay of a radioactive material is monitored while a subject is attempting to alter the statistical properties of the noise distribution. The usual protocol involves providing visual and audio feedback signals, proportional to various statistical parameters, to a subject who is asked in a biofeedback scenario to concentrate upon the feedback signals and to alter them in a prescribed way. To date, there have been 54 such experiments reported in the literature, 3E) of which 35 report statistically significant effects, while none of these studies show similar departures from randomness during control runs. (U) We have completed the design stage of a micro-processor-based (LSI-11) random-event generator, and are in the hardware construction and assembly phase. We are using three fundamentally different sources of random events to derive the digital electronic noise signal. The first of these is a diode designed by R. H. 'Haitz, 36 that is completely understood from both the quantum-mechanical and solid-state construction point of view. A second fundamentally different source of random events is to be derived from the decay of a single-transition beta emitter. 66 Approved For Releas nQ/f9ACOtWI(Ifb87ROO0500150001-2 IM 1C Approved For Release -1-LA-IW787ROO0500150001-2 Tj ffetA 551 (U) Lastly, the entire system can be checked against a pseudorandom shift register that constitutes a third source of random events. This latter has the property that a long string of bits appears random, yet once the shift register is reinitialized it produces the identical random sequence once again. (U) The instrument is under control of a microprocessor that records data on magnetic tape for later analysis, and controls a printing 1/0 statistical calculator that provides immediate results for feedback. Once the instrument is complete, it will be exhaustively tested for possible artifacts resulting from environmental conditions. (U) We propose to use this instrument in the follow-on program first to attempt to confirm the existence of the claimed phenomenon. If it is confirmed, we will investigate theoretical implications with regard to various modes of human/machine interaction. Assuming that an effect can be stabilized,- this microprocessor-based system can easily be re- programmed to utilize error-correcting coding techniques to construct a "remote" telegraph communication system. 67 Approved For ReleAAAM 1P9fi9jZ gifTFD10787ROO0500150001-2 IJ71 Y C a. F-% # Approved For Release 20034QO/BQgf"DP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 a - _W @ 5 IX SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS (U) (U) Experimental laboratory work continues to provide evidence for the existence of so-called psi processes, a class of interactions between consciousness and the physical world as yet unexplained. These include (1) the acquisition of information not presented to any obvious sense, and (2) the production of physical effects not mediated by any obvious mechanism. (S) At SRI we have concentrated primarily on the former, investi- gating a particular human information-accessing capability that we call 11remote viewing." This phenomenon pertains to the ability of certain individuals to access and describe, by means of mental processes, infor- mation blocked from ordinary perception by distance or shielding, and generally believed to be secure against such access. Our data base now consists of several hundred trials in the remote viewing of targets ranging from objects in nearby light-tight canisters to geographic sites at transcontinential distances., and viewed from locations that include shielded Faraday cages and a submerged submarine. These experiments have included successful viewings of solid-propellant missile static test firings in the Western U.S. and correct detailed descriptions of East-Bloc military facilities, given only geographical coordinates on which to target. (S) Table 11 summarizes the key findings with regard to target acquisition, resolution, shielding, and distance effects; factors that appear to enhance or inhibit success in remote viewing; accuracy, reliability, and robustness; screening and training of subjects; and technological and theoretical considerations. (U) Data from these observations indicate that the phenomenon is characterized by resolution on the order of at least millimetersl apparent ineffectiveness of ordinary electrical shielding, and relative insensitivity to distance up to and including transcontinental distances. 69 Approved For Reles- `1N1d1a'QcN%WAVRn 6-00787ROO0500150001-2 JIL-Nw- 1% Im § Approved For Release 2003/OCM @@InLCL=06-00787ROO0500150001-2 am %0 1% L. I (U) With experienced subjects the accuracy and reliability of the phenomenon can also be characterized roughly by a two-thirds factor. That isl approximately two-thirds of a given transcript about a given site is correctl roughly two-thirds of a series of transcripts can be blind- matched by a judge to the correct target out of a list, etc. (S) Remote viewing, through the use of geographical coordinates as designators, has in many cases provided meaningful descriptions of East-bloc military facilities designated as targets by the sponsor. Evaluation by appropriate intelligence community specialists indicates that a subject is able by this process to generate useful data corrob- orated by other intelligence data. As is generally true with human sourcesY the information is fragmentary and imperfect, and is therefore best utilized in conjunction with these other resources. Nonetheless, the data generated by this process appear to exceed any reasonable bounds of chance correlation or acquisition by ordinary means, and therefore constitute a potentially exploitable information source. 70 Approved For Release 200-'nmbtggRW=qr'-00787ROO0500150001-2 %# an 'MW IM @ M > 0 < M CL -n 0 -4 00 4 C? 0 0 C? Characteristic Table 11 (S) REMOTE-VIEWING STATE OF THE ART--CONCLUSIONS Known Target acquisition Target attributes sensed Time of flight Subject can acquire target site on the basis of presence of cooperative person at site; targeting by geographical co- ordinates without person yields results comparable to those obtained in experiments in which a person known to the subject is used as a target. This observation offers evidence for goal-oriented as opposed to means-oriented interpretation of the "laws" that appear to govern psycho- energetic functioning. Descriptive aspects (shape, form, color, material) are described better than analyti- cal concepts (function, name) although at times the latter come through excellently; written target material correct only occasionally; alphabet targets successful only statisticall y Information access often appears to be available in essentially 11real" time. (U) Unknown What is necessary for target acquisition (names, maps, picturesY other coordinate systems); accuracy of target acquisition in geographical coordinate case--e.g., circu- lar error of probability (CEP); how subject identifies target; whether person unknown to sub- ject can be tracked on the basis of biographical informa- tion, pictures, etc. Whether analytical psi can be trained to levels similar to descriptive psi. Time of flight of psychoener- getic phenomena; mechanism of propagation. 0 < M CL 0 -1 M 0 0 M -4 00 4 0 < M CL -n 0 M 2) U) M 6 0 -4 00 4 X 0 0 0 0 0 C? L" 0 0 C? Characteristic Temporal resolution _1J N Spatial resolution Distance effects Shielding Sensory modalities (S) Table 11 (Continued) (U) Known Unknown Real-time activities at the target site are often perceived; experiments have included suc- cessful real-time remote viewing of Minuteman and Poseidon static test firings in the western United States (differentiation between successful firings and scrubs,, timing to within ten seconds); ephemeral, rapid, or repetitive targets more difficult. on the order of one millimeter or less. Accuracy and resolution not a sensitive function of subject- target distance over irntere-on- tinental distances. Faraday cage or seawater elec- trical shielding not effective shield. In addition to visually obser- vable detail, subjects some- times report sounds, smells, electromagnetic fields., etc. that can be verified as exist- ing at target locations. r--'Ktent to which a subject can improve temporal resolution and accuracy of the process; upper limit to bit rate and abi'lity to track targets in motion. Extent to which subject can improve spatial resolution. Whether., or at what range, distance effects become imDortant. Whether magnetic shielding is effective. The accuracy of nonvisual sensory modalities; other sensory modes available. > 0 < M CL -n 0 N ip M 2) U) M 1%) 0 0 6 0 -4 00 _J X 0 0 0 L" 0 C? L" 0 0 0 (S) Table 11 (Continued) (U) > 0 < M CL -n 0 M 0 0 M 6 0 4 00 4 C? C? @3 Characteristic Factors that appear to inhibit success in remote viewing Factors that appear to enhance success in remote viewing Accuracy and reliability Known A priori subject knowledge of target possibilities; absence of feedback; application of ability to trivial tasks (testing for the sake of testing); use of repetitive target sequence. Interest factor for subject; a priori necessity and relevancy for obtaining information (seriousness of purpose); pres- ence of a facilitating monitor to ask questions and direct the subject's attention; practice with feedback. Analysis of remote-viewing transcripts generated by experienced subjects indicates that for a given target site roughly two-thirds of the sub- ject-generated material consti- tutes an accurate description of the site while about one- third is ambiguous, general, or incorrect. Unknown Effects of environmental physical factors; EM jamming. Effects of environmental physical factors; EM generators for targeting. Achievement levels to be reasonably expected. > 0 < M CL -n 0 M 0 0 M C? C? @3 0 M CL -n 0 M 0 M M 0 I -4 00 4 X 0 0 0 L" 0 C? 0 0 C? (S) Table 11 (Continued) (U) Characteristic Known Unknown Use of redundancy to improve Redundancy, whereby more than optimum number of subjects for signal-to-noise ratio one individual attempts to efficient utilization of this collect data on a given target, approach. improves reliability by reducing the effect of the biases of individual subjects. Repeatability of phenomena 4- Distribution of psychoenergetic capacity in population; identification of good subjects Improvement potential Continuing demonstrations in this program, and replications in other laboratories., 14-19 indicate that the capability known as "remote viewing" is a re- peatable human perceptual ability. Abilities appear widespread, though latent; volunteers with no previous history of psycho- energetic functioning exhibit ability in screening experi-Ments, .7 -- - --- r indicating that reliance on the availability of special subjects may not be necessary. Subjects trained over a several- year period have shown improved performance, with regard to both accuracy and reliability. Percentage of population with natural talent or trainable; optimum screening procedures; medical or psychological pro- Of cood subipnts. - 0 M CL -n 0 M 0 M M 1%) 0 I W T 0 0 -4 00 -4 X 0 0 0 Whether near-perfect results as L" 0 sometimes obtained can become 0 L routine. 0 0 0 (S) Table 11 (Continued) (U) > 0 M CL -n 0 M 0 0 M 1%) 0 6 0 -4 00 4 C? -j Un Characteristic Technological considerations Theoretical considerations Known Low-level perturbation of equip- ments observable during remote viewing (magnetometer, noise and nuclear-decay-driven random event generator). Phenomena characteristics often appear to be at variance with present scientific models. Unknown Degree to which phenomena can be stabilized and mechanized, and to which energy can be stored; to what extent psycho- energetic processes can be amplified by technological means. Precise mechanisms responsible for the phenomena; relation- ship of phenomena to electro- magnetic, quantum, etc. bases of present scientific under- standing; whether the data can be accounted for within the framework of physics as presently understood, or on the basis of conservative extra- polations that have been pro- posed to account for other (non-psi) data. > 0 M CL -n 0 M 0 0 M 1%) 0 C 0 C 0 W a) 6 0 -4 00 4 0 C? @3 0 < M CL -n 0 M 0 W M ON 0 4 00 4 0 C? L" 0 0 C? @3 Characteristic Utilization in a threat role Soviet efforts (S) Table 11 (Concluded) (U) Known Remote viewing, through the use of geographical coordinates as designators, has provided de- scriDtions of Soviet military facilities designated as targets by the sponsor, with detail comparable to that obtained and verified during local and coast- to-coast experimentation. Eval- uation by appropriate intelli- gency community specialists indicates that a subject is able to generate much meaningful and useful data confirmed by intel- ligence data. Details available through SI/SAO channels. It is known that workers in the Soviet Un4n" he e 4-te:r-r-ni ar 4-1 y pursued work in psychoenergetics field for several decades., and that a large-scale program 1-7 exists at the present time. Unknown Degree to which phenomenon can be stabilized and perfected; Soviet progress in remote viewing. Technical progress to date; - -I- e-'er a 'reakt`uugh in WLL "LL LL.C accuracy,, reliability, or mechanization has been achieved. It should be deter- mined whether they have achieved a level of proficiency at least equal to that reported here. Approved For ReleU*t!t9fiC. Stfyrf10787ROO0500150001-2 9-% *j Appendix A STANDARD REMOTE-VIEWING PROTOCOL (LOCAL TARGETS) 77 Approved For ReltMLbf0 03 5;jfl1Ea00787R000500150001-2 .A Approved For Rele fkftif 9A9S(SlFqFEtIO787ROO0500150001-2 URIC so &-% Appendix A STANDARD REMOTE-VIEWING PROTOCOL (LOCAL TARGETS) The basic outline of our standard remote-viewing protocol is as given in our tutorial paper, "A Perceptual Channel for Information Transfer over Kilometer Distances: Historical Perspective and Recent Researchl" H. Puthoff and R. Targ, Proc. IEEE,, pp. 329-354, March 1976.9 The elements of the protocol, each of which is addressed below, consist of (1) target pool selection; (2) subject orientation; (3) outbound investigator behavior; (4) inbound investigator behavior; (5) post- experiment feedback; (6) judging procedure. 1 . Target Pool Selection To carry out an experimental series of, say, n trials with a subject, a list of targets >> n should be prepared in advance by an investigator who will not interact with the subject after that. The targets should be chosen to be distinctive, but not necessarily distinct from each other; that is, rather than just a collection of nondescript street corners one should select bridges, towers, fountains, gardens, plazas, etc., so that a judge could in principle recognize targets on the basis of correct but sketchy descriptions. on the other hand., once having chosen a fountain-type target, there should be several fountain targets; for a bridge target, several bridge targets, etc., in order to avoid the possible subject strategy of "I had a bridge yesterday, so it can't be a bridge today." The subject should be told explicitly that there are similar as well as different types of targets. When the target list is made, each target location should be written on a card and placed in an envelope, the envelopes randomized and numbered. These should then be-stored in a secure safe or similar container. 79 do* CrQ1fCHE0787R000500150001-2 Approved For ReleaU NOC J-4." DOR Approved For Release ffMtUA&f MbPM000500150001-2 With regard to whether a target is replaced in the pool after use@ the preferable procedure, from a methodological standpoint, is to replace it., (A problem with actual replacement is that the subject, upon becoming aware of a mental image of a previous target,, might be biased to reject it as memory. An acceptable alternative is to replace a used target by a new one of similar type--e.g., one fountain by another.) 2. Subject Orientation Before the experiment., the subject should be shown some previous remote-viewing results with one goal in mind--to get across the idea that one should, as nearly as possible, report raw perception rather than analysis, since the former tends to be correct and the latter is almost always wrong. A subject needs to understand that a rounded piece of blue metal is just that., and that he should not initially try to determine what it is. Remind the subject that imagination constitutes noise in the channel,, and therefore the closer he can get to raw uninter- preted imagery, the better. To have success in the above, the best guideline we have found is to choose as subjects individuals who are self-confidentl uninhibited, successful, and not afraid to be wrong. No psychological test we have investigated is as reliable as the above subjective assessment in choosing subjects. 3. outbound Investigator Behavior At the start of an experimental session, the inbound and outbound investigators and subject should rendevous for a relaxed informal dis- cussion in the laboratory setting. (The outbound investigator or Figures 3 and 4 in the IEEE paper 9 are good examples. In Figure 4 the subject had absolutely no concept of a pedestrian overpass, but simply saw a pattern of' receding squares; in Figure 3 correctly-dimensioned pools of water were misinterpreted as purification plant pools rather than recreational swimming pools. 80 Approved For Releas UNMASISIRMY 87ROO0500150001-2 Approved For ReleAMOLM SO IC000787ROO0500150001-2 investigators must not know the target at this time.) Together they agree on a time for the subject description to start (e.g., 30 minutes hence--the length of time required to reach the furthest target in the pool; this time is then an invariant for all experiments.) The outbound investigator then leaves the laboratory, uses a random-number generating procedure to obtain a number from 1 - n (number of targets in pool), obtains the so-numbered envelope from the target pool, and leaves the premises. (We use a Texas Instruments SR-51 hand calculator, which has a random-number function.) After driving away from the laboratory, he opens the envelope to determine the target., and then proceeds to that location. He should arrange to park and then come upon the target location at exactly the starting time so that his view of it is fresh at the beginning of the experiment. He then simply pays attention to the environment and does not let his mind wander (especially to another target). It does not appear to matter how many people comprise the out- bound team, provided they do not (1) pay attention only to each other., or (2) scatter about. At the end of the agreed-upon target viewing time (usually 15 minutes) they return to the lab. 4. Inbound Investigator Behavior During the period that the outbound investigators spend en route to the targetY the inbound investigator and subject have a period to relax and discuss the protocols. (Inbound it is best not to have addi- tional observers.) The goal of the inbound investigator during this period is to make it "safe" for the subject to experience remote viewing. For the initial orientation of a new subject, this typically includes a low-key pep talk as to how remote viewing appears to be a natural, not abnormalY function., that many people appear to have done it successfully, even their first time., and always including the reminder to eschew analysis and simply render raw impressions. Since we think that remote viewing is a difficult task., like per- ceiving a subliminal stimulus, we think it takes the full attentive powers of the subject. Therefore, the environment,, procedures., etc.,, should be as natural and comfortable as possible to minimize the 81 Approved For ReleUNC/L&S(SA-EJFEID0787ROO0500150001-2 Approved For Release UNCrA10MV 7ROO0500150001-2 attention on anything other than the job at hand. No hypnosis, strobe lights,, or sensory-deprivation procedures are ever used, since in our view these (novel) environmental factors take away some of the subject's much-needed attention. We are in this sense proponents of a "naturalist school." If the subject feels more comfortable smoking, or drinking a cup of coffee, that is permitted. These should be arranged ahead of time, however., so that neither subject nor investigator leave the experi- mental room while waiting for the outbound investigator to reach his target. The investigator should have arranged ahead of time to have pen and pap er available for drawing, and a tape recorder. When the agreed-upon experiment time arrives,, the inbound investigator simply asks the subject to !'describe what impressions come to mind with regard to where the outbound experimenter is." Most subjects prefer to close their eyes, but they should simply do what comes naturally. The room lighting is preferably subdued to prevent after-image highlights, shadows on eyelids, etc. It is best that the inbound investigator not pressure the subject to say a lot; he should act as if there is all the time in the world. otherwise,- a subject may tend to embroider descriptions just to be saying something to please the investigator. If the subject tends toward being analytical ("I see Macy's") the investigator must gently lead the subject into description, not analysis. ("You don't have to tell me where it is, just describe what you see.") This is the most important and difficult task of the inbound investigator. It is also useful for the inbound investigator to "surprise" the subject with new viewpoints. ("Go above the scene and look down--what do you see? If you look to the left, what do you see?") The subject's viewpoint appears to shift rapidly with a question like this, and the data come through before the subject's defenSEts activate to block it out. The shifting of viewpoint also obviates the problem of the subject spending the entire time giving meticulous detail on a trivial item, such as a flowerl which, even if true, will be of no help to a judge. once a subject feels he sees something, he tends to hang on to this perception rather than commit himself to a new, viewpoint. 82 Approved For ReleastyPNIfO& SIS-fpn-f3787ROO0500150001-2 @ff S Approved For Relecame 1&0 -"J6 fqEI30787ROO0500150001-2 V NUA 5`51 The subject must be encouraged to sketch what he sees, even over his objections that he is not an artistl can't sketch., etc. He may do so throughout, or wait until the last five minutes if intermittent drawing would distract his concentration. Since drawings tend to be more accurate than verbalizations., this is an extremely important factor for good results. 5. Post-Experiment Feedback When the outbound investigator returnsi the inbound and outbound investigators and subject should proceed directly to the target for feedback. This helps to develop the subject's sense of which parts of his mental imaging are correct, versus incorrect. It completes the experiment for him, so that when he does a following experiment,, his mind is not still involved with wondering how he did on the previous one. only a very experienced subject can function well time after time without feedback,, so this must be done for each experiment to ensure success. 6. Judging Procedure In a sense, the most critical part of the remote-viewing procedure is the judging. Any single experiment in remote viewing, even if per- fect, can in principle be dismissed as possibly coincidence. FurtherY any result less than perfect can be dismissed as a generalized "grass is green, sky is blue" transcript that fits every target. only blind differential discrimination across a series of targets can put these interpretations to rest. To prepare the transcripts for judging, an investigator not involved in judging must read the transcripts and delete from them any reference to dates or previously used targets, so that a judge could not order the transcripts chronologically or otherwise obtain a priori information useful in matching. Two judging procedures can then be used: Direct Matching, and Rank Ordering. Both procedures assume that n experiments have been 83 Approved For ReleLiMEArj %PPE00787RO00500150001-2 Approved For Release UNtr&§TrCf lU7ROO0500150001-2 carried out and n responses obtained. The judge must then try to determine which of the n responses goes with which of the n targets. a. Direct-Matching Procedure The n responses (transcripts with associated drawings) are numbered in random order and given to the judge along with the list of n targets, also in a (different) random order. The key is known by an investigator, but,not the judge. The judge then visits the target sites and con- structs a one-to-one correspondence list between targets and responses without replacement; that is, no target or response is used twice. With the correspondence list and the aid of the key, the investigator then consults the statistical table for Direct: Matching (Table A-1) to determine whether the result is statistically significant. For example, if there were 5 correct matches out of 9 responses, the table indicates that the probability of obtaining such a result by chance is p = 0.003125, or roughly 3 times out of a thousand. Since the accepted standard in behaviorial research is that a result can be considered significant if one@obtains the value p -_ 0.05, such a result would be considered sig- niftcant--that is., indicative of a nonchance correspondence. The Direct Matching procedure is the simplest to carry out, but will give no credit for a fairly good description if a judge has difficulty in choosing between two possibilities and chooses the wrong one. This procedure is thus overly conservative. The more difficult Rank ordering procedure, described next, gives partial credit in such a case, and is therefore a more precise statistical tool for analysis of medium-grade results. b. Rank-ordering Procedure In the use of the Rank-Ordering procedure, the investigator ran- domizes the targets and transcripts as before. Now, however, each of n judges is given a set of the n transcripts but only one of the target sites to investigate. Each judge's task is to visit his assigned target 84 Approved For Relea TJ f I C UA' 15ff lVfy787ROO0500150001-2 04 04 Lf) - Lf) - T 0000000, 21 T 0 0 Lf) Lf) 0000 TI 0 1000000, 00000-00 00 6000000* VtOO0006 Go* COOOOOO 00 E 6 0 u 0 0 0 VWO-60-- 0- 2-10- 00 0 S20000 9?LUOO-O'.- -*IVLOOOQo 9900000 660000* , 0 Z116000 C605000 ROW E9*0000 *690000 go* 6ET000 (N Ajejpqje Aue jo ino ajow jo t,) 9 5 E 0' - - ---- 1490EOOO 950EOO* 921COO* OLL200@ LI*006 G&O EER'OOO 90'0 > d IV INVOIJINOIS - f?VZCSIU- #PLZESTQ' 9CES100 OLMOO r,?9510* 68ETO* C80200 to 0 U) 00 ZEIC190- LETE1900 OTE1900 EVE1900 1111900 OS29()* 9cjcSO6 CCESO* 0** 'L9916 E 626CW iUVOT' ECE9 T-i- OSLSTI 19991o oos?- --- 00090 2 P ---....-t6L8L9E 6648M..* bLeLgE 0. 2880CO LSOLgEo 9089ro L999CO ooSZE9 FEcto Oooga, *so 000*1 1 VbL9L9V V6LOL9E* 6LOL9EO bLqL9Es 28919E' 9ft9t- 9099CO LQ99CO OqLEO ME' 0009' 0 it ul 6 9 2 T 0 0 LL LL > S1391JVI N jo ino S3HOIVVY 103HE00 VY JO S3111118VOOHd 3HI > 0 0 CL CL CL CL (fl) ONIHDJVN JOHNICI (fl) T-V aTqej Approved For Release aOIL9ACgkSZpFMfy7ROO0500150001-2 UNIC site, read through all the transcripts, and order them best-to-worst match (I through 5, say, if there are five targets and five transcripts). With the aid of the key, the investigator then adds up the rank- ordering numbers assigned to each target's associated transcript. For example, if the actual response to a target was given a first place when a judge was looking at that target, then it gets a 1. If the actual response to a target was given a third place natch when a judge was looking at that target, then it gets a 3, etc. The addition of these numbers 1 + 3 + ... then yields a number called the sum of ranks. one then consults the rank-ordering table (Table A-2) for the statistic of interest. For example, if there were 5 experiments (5 targets and 5 transcripts) and the sum of ranks was 9, the table for 5 x 5 gives a probability of obtaining such a rank ordering result by chance of 0.0403..., which is significant. A more complete set of tables is given in 8olfvin et al. 25 86 Approved For ReleasIMCMASWIM 87ROO0500150001-2 Approved For ReleUMCAS SItFrEV0787ROO0500150001-2 Table A-2 RANK-ORDERING TABLE Number of Targets = 4; Number of Transcripts 4 SUM OF RANKS 4 5 6 7 a 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 -k P-VALUE 0*39063F*-02 0#19531E-01 0-58594E-01 0-13E72F 00 0-25781F 00 0 e414-06F 00 0-58594F 00 0*74219F 00 0.86328F Go 0*94141F 00 0*98047F 00 0*99609E 00 0010000F 01 Number of Targets 5; Number of.Transcripts 5 SUM OF RANKS 5 6 7 a 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 2.4 25 P-VALUE 0 * 3 2 0 0 0 E - 0 3 C-19e200E-02 0*6720OF-02 0 .17920E-01 0*4032OF-01 0.7904OF-01 0*13824F 00 0*21984E 00 0*32224F 00 0.439C4E 00 0.56096F 00 0.67776F 00 Co78016F 00 0#86176F 00 0.92096F 00 0.95968F 00 0.98208F 00 0*99328F 00 0*901808E 00 0099968F 00 0*1000OF 01 The notation E-02 is to be understood as 10 -2; E 01 as 101 etc. 87 Approved For ReleUNd&bAftSi'pv"'c.DO0787ROO0500150001-2 4PE Approved For Release . c 7ROO0500150001-2 Table A-2 (Continued) Number of Targets m 6; Number of Transcripts 6 $UM OF RANKS 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 P-VALUE 0.21433E-04 0.15003F-03 0-6001AF-03 0.180114r-02 0*4501OF-092 0.?9023F-02 0.19676F-01. 0*3588CF-01 0.607(,4r. -01 0-96472@-Ul C614463F 00 0,20565E 00 0.27q39r 00 0-3631.0F 00 0*45357F 00 De50,42F 00 G*63689F CC 0 e 72 0 0 V00 0679415E 00 0.85537F 00 0.903F,3F 00 00939,3E 00 099643.2F 00 0.98032E 00 0.99010F Go 0 00,9550F 00 0.90,820F 00 O.ggq4DF 00 0*99985E 00 0*99998F 00 0-10COOF 01 88 Approved For Release (jV4Ier,&CtSVPf glU7ROO0500150001-2 Approved For ReletjfMC341S gtlfffEIDP0787ROO0500150001-2 Table A-2 (Continued) Number of Targets = 7; Number of Transcripts 7 SUM OF RANKS 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 '.) 4 25 26 27 28 29 -zo 31 32 73 34 35 76 37 38 39 @0 41 42 43 44 45 46 A7 48 49 P-VAL.UE 0-12143F-05 0*97141E-05 0*43714F-04 0.14571F-03 0.40071E-03 04,01617DE-03 0.20837E-02 0.415P9F-02 0.77458F-C2 0.135F.5E-01 0,22595F-01 0-358-38F-01 0*54453F-01 0. 7S5 44 F- 01 0,11205F 00 0.19-259;@ 00 0.20137F 00 0*25802F 00 0.321@,lF 00 0.39065F 00 0946315F 00 0*53685F 00 0e 6 0 9 35 F00 0.678-,@qr oo 0 .74198F 00 0*79863F 00 0,84741F 00 0.88795r oo 0,92045F 00 0*94555F 00 0496416F 00 0.9774OF 00 0*98641E 00 0,99225F 00 0999584F 00 0099791F 00 0099903F cc 0099958F 00 0099984F 00 0.99995E 00 0-99998F 00 0099999F 00 0*1000OF 01 89 Approved For Rel4NCOtOApS..SIC&SD00787ROO0500150001-2 mm Approved For ReIeasejyffffAWffj6f ff7ROO0500150001-2 Table A-2 (Continued) Number of Targets = 8; Number of Transcripts 8 SUM OF RANKS 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 ,36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 1+6 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 P-VALV 0.59605E-07 0.53644F-06 0*26822F-05 0.98348r"-05 0929504E-04 0976711F-04 0*17899F-03 0*38356P-03 0.76663r-o3 0*14447F-02 Oo25S67F-02 0*44264F-02 0,72724F:-D2 0.11515F-01 0*17628F-01 0.26157F-01 0.37702E-01 0.5289OF-01 0*72328E-01 0.96562F-01 0.12602F 00 0.16095E 00 0.20139E 00 0*24714E 00 0*29772F 00 0-35237F 00 0 a 4 10 12 F00 0*46982F 00 0.53018E 00 0*58988E 00 0.64763F 00 0*70228F 00 0.75286E 00 0079860E 00 0*83905E 00 0.87398F 00 0*90344F- 00 0-92767E cc Oo94711E 00 0*96229F 00 0*97384F 00 0.98237F 00 0*98849F 00 0.99273F 00 0*99-557F 00 0.99741E 00 90 Approved For Releasq Q ,Mt!/[?A,qWEW[)87ROO0500150001-2 Approved For ReletTff elf 9A90 3jfjj!tY0787R000500150001-2 no ff--% ftf Table A-2 (Continued) Number of Targets = 9; Number of Transcripts 9 SUM OF RANKS 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 12 3 24 25 26 27 e-8 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 @9 1 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 P-VALUE 0*25812E-08 0-25812E-07 0 o.1.4196F-06 0.56786E-06 0.18455E-05 0 -51675r'-05 Ge12919F-04 0*29529F-04 0.6274BE-04 0-12547F-03 0*23821F-03 0.43226E-03 0.75357F-03 0.12673E-02 0&20628F-02 0.32586E-02 0 * 5 0 0 75 F - 02 0.75003F-02 0*10968F-01 0.15683F-01 0.21954F-01 0*30122F-01 0.40548F-01 0.53601F-01 De69639F-01 008&989F-01 0wll1?2F 00 0*13864E 00 0.16924E 00 Go20370F 00 0024189E 00 0.28353F cc 0.32821F 00 0-375ADF 00 0*42447F 00 0.47469E 00 0.52531E 00 0.57553F cc Co62460F 00 Oo67179F 00 0 . 716 4 7E 00 0.75811F 00 0,7963OF 00 0.83076F 00 Oe86136F 00 0.88807F 00 91 Approved For ReleUNGOLOAS-31WAMID 0787ROO0500150001-2 zwo Approved For Release UNOdrqff F1 f ly7ROO0500150001-2 Table A-2 (Concluded) Number of Targets = 10; Number of Transcripts 10 SUM OF RANKS 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 @5 @6 .@7 38 39 40 41 42 435 44 45 46 47 48 49 51 52 53 54 P-VALUE 0 .10000E-09 0.1100CF-OF Ce66000E-08 0.2860OF-07 0.10010F-06 0*30030F'-UA 0 . F, 0 0 F: 0 F - 0 G 0.19448F-05 0*43758F.-05 0 .92378F-05) 0*18475F-04 0*352(-,lF-U'4 0.645c.' 9F-04 0*1141.2E-O3 0.1951.2F-03I 0.320767F-03 0 .5231.7F-03 0.82418F-03 0*12686F-02 0.19106F-02 0.281,97F-02 0.40825IF-02 0.58049F-02 0*81133E-02 0.11156F-01 0015103F-01 09201A3F-01 0.264134E-01 0.34347F-01 0043960r-01 0.55552E-01 0.6193,45E-01 0.85541rk-Ol 0.104132F 00 0.12581F 00 0*15011E 00 0.17725F 00 0*20721F 00 0.23987r 00 0.27506F 00 0 . 3 12 15 5 !-7 00 0.35202F 00 Ow,39311F 00 0.435,58F 00 0,478338E 00 92 Approved For Release ,/ UNCLASYPTIUR000500150001-2 Approved For Release 2003/09/09 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 UNCLASSIFIED Appendix B SUMMARY OF KEY EXPERIMENTS IN LONG-DISTANCE COORDINATE REMOTE VIEWING GENERATED FOR THIS PROGRAM DURING PREVIOUS YEAR (U) 93 ,2: CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 Approved For Rel 02/0 010ASSIFIED Approved For Release ;nna&& P96-00787ROO0500150001-2 #J L, %W Appendix B SUMMARY OF KEY EXPERIMENTS IN LONG-DISTANCE COORDINATE REMOTE VIEWING GENERATED FOR THIS PROGRAM DURING PREVIOUS yEAR@2 (U) Real-Time Targeting (Minuteman and Poseidon Missile Static lest Firings in the Western United States) (S) (U) In an effort to determine the characteristics of real-time remote viewing, SRI subjects were requested to target on a series of events to take place at various given coordinates in the western United States (Utah and China Lake, California) during designated time windows. The nature of the events was kept blind to all SRI personnel until five such experiments were completed. one subject participated in the experi- mental series for all five events, while a second participated in only one. During the series the subjects were located., respectively, in the Menlo Park, California SRI Laboratory and in Los Angeles, California. During the tests, the subjects made drawings,, and their verbal descrip- tions were tape-recorded. (S) The characteristics of the events, which SRI investigators were told later were static tests of Minuteman and Poseidon solid- propellant missile firings., were picked up in some detail by both sub- jects. During the five event windows., three tests were carried out and two were canceled because of technical problems. The subject who participated in the entire series correctly noted this sequence and also was able to indicate actual event time to within ten seconds in one of the experiments in which precise timing information was obtained by recording WWV time signals on the session tape. (S) A drawing by one of the subjects of a dust cloud raised during the test is shown in Figure B-1 along with a photograph (Figure B-2) for comparison. A comparison of a test-site schematic with a sketch one of the subjects generated for that test is shown in Figure B-3. and a photograph of the test bay is shown in Figure B-4. 95 Approved For Re leas NfflNBkrMPfflM0 MD06-00787 R000500150001 -2 *J L. %.o 1% L. I - -2 ,00050050001 p Approved For Release 20031091": CIA-'RDP96-00787 UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED FIGURE B-1 DRAWING BY SUBJECT OF DUST CLOUD RAISED DURING ROCKET ENGINE TEST (U) (U) The results of the experiments thus included recognition of go versus no-go conditions, timing to within ten seconds, and descrip- tions of the events as "drawn-out muffled roars" which "raised dust clouds" and involved "glowing melting materials." Although the infor- ma@tion that the subjects relate most accurately tends to be nonanalytic, per taining to shape, form, color and material, rather than to function or@name,, under appropriate circumstances such data can be useful. 96 UNCLASSIFIED 6_00787R0()0500i5000i-2 Approved For Release 20031091": CIA-RDP9 Approved For ReleasUUQ6A$ASA&Ea87ROO0500150001-2 LU cn LU LU 0 0 1 0 U- 0 :c CL 0 0 CI4 I m LU cc U- 97 UNCLAS Approved For Release 2003/09/09 : CHUN0787ROO0500150001-2 Approved For Release 2003/09/09 P CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0500150001-2 U1VCLASS,r,t,) A40V 8utvf@c RE ABLE BU/LD, L 0 PO IVG /V "S"r/0`7 S/T/ON 1fVS-rRU Co%/ER, C -D AIVD a 4"c/V7'A'r/C)/V I1LD/fVG 0 440VABLC 8LJ/LJ) /VG Cove I POSIrl O/V CONCnEre APO, rES7- -nopt 11'41f 8A Y, UTAH tArv T .3 Ohl Pal (if / e f U S 4fi, 'rot eo Sv,, / lorof%o /P FIG ('VQ VC ORE '8-3 RAW//VG '9V SU8JECT COAIP@R/Solv. subject , AIVD 'OC/