Approved For Release 2003/09/16 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0500240018-4
PK Changesin hecordings of Temperature SG1 I
Gertrude Schneidler
Ingo 6wann, an artist with marked psychic ability, found that
he seemed able to change the temperature of a distant object.
Bubsequent research, described below, showed that he (and another
subject) could indeed nake recordings of temperat-Ure conform to
the experimenter's directives of "Hotter" or "Colder" although
the effects of body temperature and room temperature Were con-
trolled. Concomitant temperature changes which Ingo was not de-
liberately producing suggest a technique for exploring the source
of energy for PK changes and how PK relates to distance.
Method
Apparatus for measuring temperature change was a 4-thermister
bridge, used in conjunction with a Beckman Type R Dynograph.1 Each
thermister was sensitive to extremely small temperature changes.
Pretests showed the thermisters recorded independently, permitting
four simultaneous temperature readings.
The basic procedure consisted of designating some one of the
thermisters as the target, and instructing Ingo according to a
predetermined counterbalanced sequence to make this target hotter
or colder. The three other thermisters were used to monitor temp-
erature changes elsewhere in the room and on Ingo's skin.
The initial session was exploratory and gave promising results.
1 !,arry Lewis monitored the Dynograph and gave other invaluable
assistance with the apparatus in every session; and I am most
grateful to him.
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Approved For Release 2003/09/16 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0500240018-4
It was followed by four formal sessions with Ingo and one session
each with two student volunteers. The following procedure was
used (with minor variations necessitated by machine resetting, etc.)
The session wa.s divided into two halves, separated by a longish
rest period. Each half consisted of sixteen periods, each 45
seconds: eight rest periods alternating with instructions to change
temperature. The order of instructions was predetermined in a
counterbalanced design: ABBABAAB for the first half, then
BAABABBA for the second. Thus when the first half began with Rest,
hotter, Hest, Colder, Rest, Colder, the second half would begin
with Rest, Colder and continue as a mirror image of the first.
Readouts were independently scored by a "blind" judge 2 and by
the author, as follows. Vertical lines on the polygraph paper de-
signated the beginning of Instructions and each 5 second Interval
thereafter. An arbitrary baseline was selected for each thermister
readout. Difference from the baseline was recorded at each 5 sec-
ond line. This yielded for each "Botter" and "Colder" period ore
initial reading, 8 middle readings and one terminal reading.
Data were evaluated by Abelson and Tukey's method for time ser-
ies (1963). The method essentially consists of analysis of vari-
ance with a correction factor.
Results
Evaluation of Ingo's eight half-sessions showed four with no
significant difference between hotter and colder periods, and four
with significant differences in accordance with instructions. The
2 Geraldine Schwalb volunteered to do this tedious chore, and I-
both admire her accuracy and feel very grateful for her help.
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Approved For Release 2003/09/16 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0500240018-4
four significant changes occurred under these conditions:
Session 2, lst half. Control thermisters: (a) on Ingo's left inner
wrist; (b) 3 ft- to h le@t;"@@(c) 2 ft. to his left. Target:
6 ft. to Ingo's lef (P 0 01) .
Y
,9 C@
h(P @_ ` UO5) -
Session 2, 2nd half. S e, tbermit/er placement as above (P *05)o
Session 3, 2nd half. Contro thermisters: (a) on Ingo's left
wrist; (b) 4 ft. to his left and above him; (c) 5 ft. in front of
him. Target: sealed Into thermos bottle @,eside the(c@ontrol therm-
ister, I. e., 5 ft in front of Ingo (p .001).
Session 4, lst half. Control thermister"D-r--fWsealed into thermos
4 ft. to Ingo's left; (b and c) two thermisters sealed Into a
single thermos, 4 ft. from Ingo to his left and slightly behind
@
him. Target: sealed I . os 25 ft, from Ingo, to his left and
slightly behind him p = .001 0
I (P .001
In addition, one f th udent volunteers showed significant
fth 7tude
target changes in accordance with instructions for his first half-
session, under the same conditions as Ingo's session 2 (p = .001).
The other three half-sessions with the students showed no signific-
ant change in the target.
The most striking response was unscorable, since it occurred in
the restperiod between halves of Ingo's tbird session. Ingo and I
were in a room insulated by wire mesh, without radiator or window;
each of us was 5 ft- from the thermos and the uninsulated tbermister
beside It and we both remained seated for the first half of the
session, the rest period between halves, and the second half. Lewis
monitored the polygraph, glanced intermittently at the readout for
the thermister In the thermos, and apparently noted each time that,
as he bad anticipated, it showed a flat line indicating nottemper-
ature change. In the first half of the session, the uninsulated
tbermister next to the thermos had been the target. In the rest
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period between halves I told Ingo that for the second half, the
thermister in the thermos would be the target. Ingo was pleased
with the challenge. As we remained seated and continued to chat,
he thought about the precise location of the thermister within the
thermos space (in his words, probed for It). The polygraph readout
for that thermister then began to show such marked perturbations
that Lewis deserted the polygraph and burst Into the room to find
if we had opened the thermos bottle.
i)ata for the control thermisters wbowed that the wrist never gave
a significant difference In relation to Instructions, but that other
thermisterS sometimes did. The others also shdwed some significant
positive and negative correlations with target change. They suggest
that perhaps PK may operate by changing beat patterns between two
areas, e. g., that as the target area grows warmer, another area
may grow colder.
Reference
Abelson, R. P. & Tukey, J. W. Efficient axa±Xxt utilization of
non-numerical information in quantitative analysis: general theory
and the case of simple order. Annals of Mathematical Statistics,
1963, 34. 1347-1369.
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