Tuesday
March 17, 1992
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SNAP
Bally
Soviet News Abstracts Publication
FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY CENTER
Title: CIS AGREEMENT ON UNIFIED DEFENSE
BUDGET AND FINANCING PROCEDURE
Primary Source: Krasnaya zvezda, February
20, 1992, No. 41 (20728), p. 1, cols. 7-8;
p. 3, cols. 1-2
Abstract: The article is the text of an
Agreement among Member-States of the Com-
monwealth of Independent States on Formu-
lating a Unified Defense Budget and a Pro-
cedure for Financing the Armed Forces of
the Commonwealth's States. This agreement
was adopted in Minsk on February 14, 1992.
The agreement, which consists of seven
articles, states 'in particular that the
unified budget shall include expenditures
for maintenance of the army and navy; for
paying for weapons, military equipment and
service property, including purchasing of
nuclear weapons; -for paying for scientific-
technical products; for major construction
and major repair work, including special
construction and housing construction; and
for pension support of servicemen and mem-
bers of their families. Principles and
procedures are defined for determining the
amounts which are to be appropriated for
these purposes. Article 4 stipulates that
the unified defense budget shall be drafted
by the Main Command of the commonwealth's
armed forces, examined by the council of
defense ministers (chairmen of defense com-
mittees) of the commonwealth's member-
states and approved by the commonwealth's
Council of Heads of States. In line with
Article 5, the commonwealth's member-states
assume the obligation of taking part in
forming the unified defense budget by con-
tributing fixed amounts to it. The amounts
of these contributions and a procedure for
calculating them shall be determined by the
commonwealth's Council of Heads of Govern-
ments.
The agreement is signed by the repre-
sentatives of Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tadzhikistan, Turkmeni-
stan and Uzbekistan with no special stipu-
lations. The presidents of Azerbaydzhan
and Ukraine signed a special opinion which
states that these republics are not taking
part in forming a unified defense budget
for maintenance of general-purpose strate-
gic forces but are sharing in the cost of
financing only maintenance of strategic
forces on Azerbaydzhan and Ukrainian terri-
tory during the period which is determined
for these republics in accordance with the
Minsk agreement on strategic forces of De-
cember 30, 1991.
(SNAP 920317)
Author: Golovanov, Yaroslav
Title: RELIABILITY OF ARTICLE ABOUT FATAL
SPACE ACCIDENTS QUESTIONED
Primary Source: Nezavisimaya gazeta, Feb-
ruary 19, 1992, No. 33 (204), p. 5, cols.
1-4
Extract: On January 18, Nezavisimaya gaze-
ta published excerpts from "Secrets of So-
viet Rocket and Space Industry," a "length@
article" by Aleksandr Bolonkin.
This article relates that according to
data from the Central Intelligence Agency,
at least five space flights ended in fatal
accidents and at least six accidents which
claimed victims occurred on the ground in
the USSR over a period of 10 years (1957-
1967).
I talked with Semen Mikhaylovich Alek-
seyev, a pioneer of our cosmonautics who
headed a design bureau during the years
which are of interest to us and the CIA.
Pressure suits, space suits and the first
life support systems were produced at this
bureau.
"A person's death in space cannot be
concealed, because thousands of people are
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involved in his mission and such informa-
tion cannot help but leak out [said Alekse-
yev]. I surely would have known of such a
mission in connection with my own immediate
duties. My sworn testimony is that Bolon-
kin's article contains utter lies."
Who Is Aleksandr Bolonkin, incidental-
ly? An introduction reports that he is a
doctor of technical sciences who worked in
our aviation and rocket industry for 30
years and is now living in New York. While
engaged in space journalism over a period
of 30 years, I have been at Baykonur and
Kapustin Yar and many space scientific re-
search institutes and design bureaus but
have never heard his name. Bolonkin's book
Development of Soviet Rocket Engines for
Strategic Missiles was published in the
United States in 1991. Work on engines for
strategic missiles was done primarily by
the design bureau which the late academi-
cian V. P. Glushko headed. I telephoned
V. I. KUrbatov, a former deputy head of
this bureau who worked at Kapustin Yar and
Baykonur for a number of months and knows
all there is to know about specialists in
itspace" engines.
"I never heard that name before," said
Vladimir, Ivanovich in surprise. "If a doc-
tor of sciences had written such a book, I
surely would have known about it."
"The book is miserable," asserted
M. V. Tarasenko, an expert on Soviet cosmo-
nautics from the Moscow Physical-Technical
Institute. "I have just returned from the
United States, where I gave lectures and
saw this book. It is a rehash of articles
from our encyclopedia Cosmonautics (Kosmo-
navtika), which was published seven years
ago."
D. D. Sevruk, another former deputy
head of Glushko's bureau and now a profes-
sor of the Moscow Aviation Institute imeni
Ordzhonikidze, testified: "I venture to
say that I know almost every specialist who
has been connected with engines of strate-
gic missiles, but I don't know Aleksandr
Bolonkin. Moreover, during the late 1960s,
I studied questions of the reliability of
all of our rocket and space technology and
analyzed and systematized all cases of mal-
functions. I had to dig up facts about un-
known accidents in which attempts had been
made to conceal the parties responsible for
them. But any human victims were out of
the question; if there had been any, I
would surely have known."
(SNAP 920317)
Title: IDEAS FOR REORGANIZING FOREIGN MAR-
KETING OF WEAPONS. MILITARY EOLIIPMENT
Primary Source: Nezavisimaya gazeta, Feb-
ruary 19, 1992, No. 33 (204), p. 2, cols.
5-8
Abstract: The article is an interview with
Vladimir Dmitriyevich Shibayev, deputy
chairman of the Committee for Foreign Eco-
nomic Relations (KVES), in regard to mar-
keting of Soviet weapons and military
equipment abroad and progress in reorganiz-
ing such trade since the breakup of the
USSR. The 45-year-old Shibayev is identi-
fied as a graduate of the Moscow Higher
Technical School imeni Bauman and the Acad-
emy of Foreign Trade, the formulator of a
strategy for foreign trade and a creator of
commercial strategies for this purpose. He
is in charge of questions of foreign trade;
trade in weapons, foodstuffs, raw materials
and equipment; and investment cooperation.
Shibayev relates that the Russian Fed-
Oration intends to go on fulfilling specif-
ic obligations of the former USSR for de-
livering weapons and military equipment and
rendering services, taking political deci-
sions and considerations of mutual profit
into account. Military cooperation with
Nicaragua has practically ceased, and coop-
eration with Cuba, Laos, Vietnam, Mongolia,
Yemen and North Korea has been substantial-
ly curtailed. In accordance with United
Nations decisions, Russia has unilaterally
stopped fulfilling contractual obligations
to Yugoslavia and Cambodia. At the same
time, Russia seeks to go on cooperating
with other countries which have been tradi-
tional trade partners for many years. Tea
is being imported from India in return for
shipments within the framework of military-
technical cooperation with the former USSR,
for example. Military personnel now have
the opportunity to sell some of their ser-
vice property and auxiliary and other
equipment abroad. Commercial structures
have been created within the framework of
the army and navy for this purpose. Pro-
duction of better weapons more economically
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and continuation of defense production at
enterprises where this is expedient have
become guidelines for conversion, since
marketing of weapons has proved to be high-
ly profitable. Shibayev mentions that KVES
is working on opening up new markets.
Shibayev points out that liberaliza-
tion of trade in weapons and military
equipment does not mean abandonment of
state Supervision, since not all weapons
producers are skilled in marketing, and
state interests must be observed. Competi-
tion among weapons producers must be regu-
lated in order to support prices and pre-
vent OVersaturation of the market, for ex-
ample. Shibayev thinks that a state system
for foreign trade and state supervision
should be ensured and that only specially
authorized organizations and firms which
are competent in particular fields should
be allowed to engage in such trade. Coun-
tries with which trade is forbidden should
be precisely designated, and there should
be a list of chemical, nuclear and other
weapons which cannot be exported.
Whereas specialized administrations of
the USSR Ministry of Foreign Economic Rela-
tions used to carry on trade in weapons in
practice, it is now proposed to create a
supreme coordinating agency or committee
consisting of highest-level officials of
the ministries of economics and finance,
industry and defense, the Russian Ministry
of Foreign Affairs, KVES, the federal secu-
rity and foreign intelligence agencies and
possibly other concerned agencies, Shibayev
reports. This committee would make all of
the most important strategic decisions.
The president would head all trade in weap-
ons and coordinate it on a global scale. A
parliamentary commission on military-tech-
nical cooperation might also be created,
for supervisory purposes. KVES1 adminis-
tration for military-technical cooperation
would issue export licenses and perform
other functions for state monitoring and
regulation of trade in weapons. For the
purpose of ensuring that professionals are
in charge of trading activity, two state
companies have now been created on the ba-
sis of three former administrations. Prac-
tically everyone who is capable of trading
in weapons is now concentrated in these ad-
ministrations. Smaller companies, includ-
ing ones for servicing military aircraft,
are to be created within the framework of
the state companies.
Shibayev mentions in conclusion that
in the field of trade in weapons, KVES has
encountered opposition in the Ministry of
Defense and other agencies. Enterprises of
the Ministry of Industry which have lost
state orders are considering exporting
their products independently at prices sev-
eral times below the market place, for ex-
ample. Legislation which formerly governed
trade in weapons will remain in effect un-
til a new law on military-technical cooper-
ation is passed. (This law is supposed to
be drafted by October 1, 1992.) Under ex-
isting laws, weapons producers cannot sell
their products without going through the
proper formalities, and this has become a
source of discontent.
(SNAP 920317)
Author: Kotlyarov, Yu. (Kemerovo)
Title: JOINT-STOCK COMPANY TO CONDUCT
SPACE STUDIES-IN SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURE
Primary Source: Trud, January 31, 1992,
No. 21 (21545), p. 1, cols. 6-7
Entire Text: Pilot-cosmonaut Aleksey Leo-
nov has arrived in Kemerovo by plane.
As a leader of the international
joint-stock company "Chetek" and director
of the firm "Chetek-kosmos," he proposed
using in the Kuznetsk Basin promising tech-
nologies based on space surveys for in-
creasing the yield and shortening the rip-
ening time of farm crops and for improving
the ecological situation. As a result, A.
Leonov and A. Tuleyev, chairman of the ob-
last Council of People's Deputies, signed a
cooperation agreement. The company will
operate at its own expense, while it is
planned to channel the profits into the de-
velopment of the infrastructure of agricul-
tural enterprises and the processing indus-
try.
(SNAP 920317)
Author: Stukalina, L.
Title: MEMBERS OF NEW "RosAN" AIRCRAFT
ASSOCIATION
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Primary Source: Narodnaya armiya, February
15, 1992, No. 30 (83), p. 3, col. 1
Extract: A new airplane, the AN-38, will
take the place of our time-tested AN-28.
Introduction of this airplane into produc-
tion has begun within the framework of con-
version at the Novosibirsk Aircraft Associ-
ation, which formerly specialized in mili-
tary equipment exclusively.*
The new airplane has inherited the
best qualities of its predecessor.
Outwardly, it resembles the AN-28, but
a more advanced and powerful new engine
with a lower specific fuel consumption has
been installed on it. Whereas, for exam-
ple, 245 grams of fuel are used now in
takeoff conditions, with the new engine the
consumption decreases by 20 percent.
It is just as unpretentious as its
predecessor; short sand, dirt or ice air-
fields are suitable for it.
Presentation of the new airplane took
place in Novosibirsk. It was organized on
the occasion of the creation of "RosAN" --
an association which includes the Aviation
Scientific-Technical Complex imeni Antonov,
the Novosibirsk Aviation Association, the
Rybinsk Engine Design Bureau and the Stupi-
no Design Bureau, which designs propellers.
*See also the Daily SNAT, January 2, 1992,
p. 1, col. 2
(SNAP 920317)
the higher school's structure. New depart-
ments have emerged. In 1992, a medical-
prophylactic department will be added to
them.
(A photograph is given showing A. Afu-
zov, a docent of the chair of electrical
engineering, senior science associate A.
Sh. Bilyalov and Doctor of Physical-Mathe-
matical Sciences E. Abdullayev conducting
an experiment in the research laboratory of
semiconductor measuring instruments.)
(SNAP 920317)
Title: HOT CHAMBER OF BRAIN INSTITUTE'S
TOMOGRAPH COMPLEX
Primary Source: Sankt-Peterburgskiye vedo-
mosti, October 9, 1991, No. 31, p. 2, cols.
1-8
Extract: At the USSR Academy of Sciences'
Human-Brain Institute, our country's first
and thus far only positron-emission tomo-
graph (PET) is in operation.
All the equipment was installed in a
specially built four-story building by the
Swedish firm "Scanditronics."
(A photograph is given showing junior
science associate Olga Fedorova at a hot
chamber preparing a radiopharmaceutical for
studies on the PET.)
(SNAP 920317)
Author: Panamarev, V., correspondent
Title: FERGANA UNIVERSITY'S SEMICONDUCTOR-
INSTRUME,NTS LABORATORY
Primary Source: Pravda Vostoka, December
17, 1991, No. 244 (22710), p. 2, cols. 3-6
Extract: By a decision of the Cabinet of
Ministers with the President of the Repub-
lic, Fergana State University was opened in
the spring of 1991 at facilities of the
pedagogical institute. This constitutes
not a name change but radical changes in
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