*Apprqve;lFprPelea-se2O~O/98/15tCtA-RDP96-OiD7020oob560;t6ObO2-3-
SG11 CONFIDENTIAL
           @D: 62272-90LNOV20 '4.1@6.17/AO-'
SEQUENCE NR: CXA81042709
SOV-IZ- -z@7--RbNIC DEV -S MODE7 -
                            -ZL) :NG 'S', STEMS
1 T L Z AFTER LIV
              *U*
DOC REF: BIWEEKLY SCIENTIFIC AND INTELLIGENCE SUMMARY (BSIS-1.), 84,
DOC NR:
DOC DATE:
FICHE NR:
INF CTY:
CLASSIF:
DWNGRADE:
RELEASE:
35-36
AST-2660P-316-84
8411123
DST811C02085?
USSR (UR)
CONFIDENTIAL
(AS-J2660P31684)
CLASSIFIED BY: MULTIPLE SOURCES; DECLASSIFY ON:
ORIGINATING AGENCY'S DETERMINATION REQUIRED
NONE (XX)
     TEXT: *U* ENTIRE. THE SOVIETS ARE iDEVELOPING A FAMILY OF SOPHISTICATED
ELECTRONIC SENSORS AND OTHER DEVICES THAT OPERATE ON PRINCIPLES
DERIVED FROM BIOSYSTEMS. THE GOAL IS TO CAPITALIZE ON TECHNOLOGICAL
PROCESSES AND CHARACTERISTICS THAT HAVE BEEN PERFECTED (AND ARE
EFFECTIVE) AS LIVING SYSTEMS.
*U* THIS 90VfrT r'Prb1TT"IN bTONTd@'@@'WAS ACCELERATED IN THE 1960'S WITH
ORGANIZED THRUSTS IN THE FOLLOWING SPECIFIC AREAS: 1. RESEARCH INTO
RECEPTORS AND ANALYZERS AND WORK ON PATTERN RECOGNITION (AS MODELED
ON THE SENSORY ORGANS OF ANIMALS). 2. BASIC RESEARCH INTO AND
MODELING OF NEURONS, NERVE NETWORKS, NERVE CENTERS, AND PRINCIPLES
OF ORGANIZATION OF THE BRAIN OF LIVING ORGANISMS, WITH THE OBJECT OF
EXPLORING THE PATHS FOR THEIR UTILIZATION IN TECHNICAL DEVICES AND
SYSTEMS. 3. DEVELOPMENT OF NAVIGATION AND RADAR DEVICES AND MEANS
OF COMMUNICATION ON THE BASIS OF NEW AND BETTER PRINCIPLES OBSERVED
IN LIVING NATURE. 4. INVESTIGATING PROBLEMS OF BIOMECHANICS,
BIOENERGETICS, AEROHYDRODYNAMICS, AND BIOCHEMISTRY (STUDYING ENERGY
CONVERSION AND UTILIZATION AND ASSESSING THE EFFICIENCY OF
BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS AS A GUIDE TO ENHANCING THE EFFICIENCY OF
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS). 5. GERMANE PROBLEMS, SUCH AS THE BIONIC ASPECTS
OF THE MAN MACHINE PROBLEM, WHICH ON THE WHOLE PERTAIN TO
ENGINEERING PSYCHOLOGY (HUMAN ENGINEERING), ARE EXEMPLIFIED BY THE
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS OF DETECTING AND EVALUATING THE
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF MAN, OPTIMAL METHODS OF TEACHING
AND TRAINING, AND WAYS OF FACILITATING THE WORKING CONDITIONS OF
HUMAN OPERATORS (I.E., OF BIOELECTRICAL SYSTEMS, CYBORGS, FOR THE
CONTROL OF TECHNICAL SYSTEMS).
*U* EXAMPLES OF SOME OF THE PAYOFFS THAT ARE BEGINNING TO APPEAR IN
THE LITERATURE ARE ELECTRONIC MODELS OF NERVE CELLS (SEE THE 7
JANUARY 1983 ISSUE OF THIS PUBLICATION, AST-2660P-267-83). A
PHOTOSENSITIVE BIOMEMBRANE (SEE THE PREVIOUS ARTICLE), AND
ELECTRONIC MODELS OF THE EYE. MOREOVER, BIONIC CONCEPTS WERE
PROBABLY USED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SOVIET AIRBORNE THERMAL IMAGER.
        CONFIDENTIAL PAGE
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@40 Approyed For Release -2000/08/45 t C4A-RDP96-00792Rk00b560A0b01-3
CONFIDENTIAL
 SEQUENCE NR: CXA84042709 USE? --,D: 62272-90L~\IOV20/114.06.'-7,~'~,'I',~',',-
7 7) _'\ @L- I -@N -n-,
       'j@,
*U* 'ILI HE S E EFFORTS _@HTAV___ C R A E Y _L
                                                                            SG11 ENGINEERS AND OTHER TECHNICAL PERSONNEL TRAINED IN 
BIONICS.
I T_
CONSEQUENTLY, BIONICS HAS EMERGED AS AN 7 NDEPENDENT SUBJECT TAUGH'T
IN M_A N Y ENGINEERING SCHOOLS. BOOK EN1-_21__i__E_)f BIONICS, BIOLOGICAL
ASPECTS, PUBLISHED IN 1978, T S AN EXAMPLE OF A TEXT WRITTEN
ESPECIALLY FOR ENGINEERS. THE FIVE BASIC F-TELDS OF BTIONICS COVEERED
i@_. ,- - . ill rA- @ I L
IN THIS TEXT ARE: RE-LIPT-CIN '.",',D AN 71 T I/ Z E-R SYS-EMS, NEUROBIONICS,
BIOMECHANICS, ORIENTATION AND NAVIGATION, ZkND -PIOENERGETICS.
*C* COMMENT: SOVIET R-AND-D IN BiONICS MIGHT BE A SLEEPER THAT COULD
SIGNIFICANTLY INFLUENCE FUTURE MILITARY SYSTEMS AND METHODS. WHILE
WESTERN ANALYSTS TEND TO FOCUS ON SOVIET TECHNOLOGY GAINS WITHIN THE
CONCEPTUAL DOMAIN FAMILIAR TO THE WEST, THE SOVIETS ALSO APPEAR TO
BE FOLLOWING A PARALLEL TECHNOLOGY TRACK BASED ON BIONIC CONCEPTS.
WITHIN GIVEN WEAPON SYSTEM AREAS (E.G., SMART WEAPONS AND FIRE AND
FORGET SYSTEMS), WHERE THE INFORMATION ON THE TARGET AND TERRAIN
TRAVERSED CAN BE KEPT TO A MINIMUM, THE SOVIET BIONIC CONCEPTS COULD
OVERCOME MANY SHORTCOMINGS IN THEIR PRESENT COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY BY
SUBSTITUTING ELEGANCE OF METHODS FOR COMPUTER POWER. IN PRINCIPLE,
SIMILAR ADVANTAGES ARE POSSIBLE IN OTHER AREAS OF TECHNOLOGY. THESE
TECHNIQUES COULD GREATLY ENHANCE THE FUTURE SOVIET ABILITY TO
SURPASS THE U.S. IN MANY AREAS.
*U* COMMENT: THE SOVIETS COULD BENEFIT IN ANOTHER WAY FROM DEVICES
THAT MIMIC LIVING SYSTEMS. COMPONENTS FROM LIVING SYSTEMS TEND NOT
TO BE EXACTLY ALIKE. LIGHT SENSITIVE DETECTORS IN THE EYE, FOR
EXAMPLE, DO NOT HAVE EXACTLY THE SAME SENSITIVITY. OTHER SENSORS
ALSO DIFFER FROM EACH OTHER, YET SYSTEMS THAT CONTAIN THESE
DETECTORS ARE HIGHLY EFFICIENT AND SUFFICIENTLY EFFECTIVE.
SIMILARLY, THE COMPONENTS OF A BIONIC SYSTEM WOULD NOT NECESSARILY
 '-REQUIRE HIGH PRECISION IN MANUFACTURE AND COULD BE LESS EXPENSIVE TO
MAKE THAN COMPONENTS IN COMPARABLE TRADITIONAL SYSTEMS.
*U* COMMENT: THE SOVIETS ARE ALSO VENTURING INTO WHAT THEY REFER TO
AS THEORETICAL BIONICS. THE ACTION OF LIVING SYSTEMS FOLLOW A SET
OF RULES THAT ARE NEITHER WHOLLY DETERMINISTIC NOR WHOLLY
STATISTICAL. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THEORETICAL BIONICS WILL PROBABLY
INCLUDE A SEARCH FOR THE RULES GOVERNING LIVING SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY
      CONFIDENTIAL PAGE 19
Approved For Release 2000/08/15 CIA-RDP96-00792ROO0500260002-3