Approved For Release 2000/08/11 CIA-RDP96-00792ROO0500390001 -0 SUBLIMINAL COMMUNICATION EMPEROR" S CLOTHES OR PANACEA? with How to Create Your own Subliminal Program by Eldon Taylor, Ph.D. just Another Reality Box 12419 Las Vegas Nevada 89112 Approved For Release 2000/08/11 CIA-RDP96-00792ROO0500390001 -0 Approved For Release 2000/08/11 CIA-RDP96-00792ROO0500390001 -0 Roy I 'K, I Bey, for support and encouragement without which this book would not have been possible Lee Liston, for his tireless efforts within the Utah prison system Warren Archer, for cover art Charles F. McCusker, for abstract offindings Richard Erickson, for lawut and book design Second Edition Other books by Eldon Taylor, Ph.D., availablefrom tbispublisber. Subliminal Learning Exclusively Fabricated Illusions The Little Black Book Subliminal Technology Simple Things and Simple Thoughts ISBN 0-940699-01-X ~ 1990 Eldon Taylor All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America Approved For Release 2000/08/11 CIA-RDP96-00792ROO0500390001 -0 Approved For Release 2000/08/11 CIA-RDP96-00792ROO0500390001 -0 CONTENTS About the Author .........................ix Preface ............................... Xi Cbapter 1. History ............................. 1 2. Mechanics ........................... 7 3. The Law and Subliminals .................12 4. Testimonies ..........................17 5. The Clinical Data ......................24 6. Subliminal Technology ...................32 7. Scientific Findings ......................4.2 8. Unanswered Questions ..................50 9. How to Create Your own Subliminal Program69 .... 10. In Summary ..........................72 Appendixes A. Cover Subliminal .......................75 B. Proposed 1986 Utah Legislation .............76 C. Talk-Radio Discussion Highlights .............81 D. Amendments to the Proposed 1986 Utah Legislation ....................... 92 E. Thurstone Measurement Table ...............93 F. Abstract of Findings .....................98 Recommended Readings ....................101 Approved For Release 2000/08/11 CIA-RDP96-00792ROO0500390001 -0 vii SUBLIMINAL COMMUNICATION A: By purchasing from major manufacturers that disclose their 9 subliminal content, the old law of the dollar rules. To risk an V_ Q entire profitable business by covertly "messing" with the stated C) Q scripts simply does not make any sense. It is easy with the 0) c0 right technology to "take apart" and examine the content on Q most tapes. Some tapes can be examined by using earphones Q with separate volume controls. Tuning into either left or right Q channel only is all that is necessary for the verbal to become Q W audible or at least semiaudible. C*4 Q: How soon can I expect results from using a subliminal tape? Q Q I A: Most people sense beneficial results within a week or two. (0 0) All should be aware of gains or adverse reactions within sixty (L days if the program is solidly conceived and produced. Q: Who uses subliminal programs? A: Everyone from health professionals to educators. Many athletic programs, sales organizations, government agencies, retailers, and others use subliminals, to say nothing of the mil- lions of individual users. co Q: Can I use the programs wbile I sleep? Q I- Q A: One recommended way is to use an autoreverse player Q going all night long while you sleep. Although sleep learning, C) C*4 a) deep theta brain wave sleep, is still controversial, at least the U) REM cycles accompanying dream sleep and the hypnogogic and W W hypnopopic stages entering and exiting sleep (alpha brain wave 75 sleep) are extremely susceptible periods for positive program ming. 0 Q: Do I need to keep using the programs for the rest of my LL life? V a) A: Maybe yes-maybe no. That really depends on you. A 0- subliminal is orily a positive information antidote for negative CL messaging. When the negative ceases to exist, the antidote is CL no longer necessary. 68 CHAPTER NINE Q Q Q 0) c0 THE HOMEMADE' LO SUBLIMINAL PROGRAN W 04 a) Q Q Creating an audiocassette subliminal program that Zorks i relatively simple process, although perhaps too exp sive prove practical. The procedure outlined in this chqkter v used in my own early research. This process will no(prodt commercial quality audio mastering, but it will provide -a usal product. In fact, it was this process that was used to geate t subliminal titled "A Gift of Love" that is used in UtQsby Si im ?; rise, a support group for survivors of suicide vict s.5 estin Q nial evidence suggests that it works very well. Q There are certain advantages to creating your owigsublii nal property. You should weigh those advantages agAnst p fessional standards and quality before investing t4time money necessary to produce a personalized subliminal rogn Some of the obvious advantages include a sublimi;al SO that can be uniquely and precisely what you desire. (fy car( here-much bad karma will come from deliberate or 1LXploii misuse.) Also, you can select whatever music or prinellal soi carrier you prefer.-You may choose the gentle sounds aWa fall or ocean background while viewing televi ign. I Is reminded here of a woman who played surreptitioumLy to teenagers a good study habits program produced 0 Suc( 'Center and carried by ocean waves while they viewed tel sion. She reported that within a short time the teenagers tur off the television set and moved to their rooms to study. 69 SUBLIMINAL COMMUNICATION Whatever the i ary carrier, be careful of copyright infringe- prim Q ments! ,1 Another advantage is that the voice on the subliminal track CD can be your own. There is much research suggesting that one Q cD responds advantageously to his or her own voice in many cir- a) M cumstances. Q Q The six steps to creating a custom program are these: Lo Q 1. Select and obtain the equipment. Q 2. Write and record the script. Q W 3. Record the white sound. 04 4. Mix the script recording with the white-sound recording. Q 5. Select the principal carrier. 9 6. Mix the product of step 4 with the principal carrier. Select and obtain the equipment. The equipment needed con- (L sists of three cassette players, of which one must have record- W ing and external input capability and the other two must be equipped with external output functions, a two- to four-channel sound mixer, and a white-sound generator. inexpensive mixers are readily available from such places as Radio Shack. White-sound units are available from a number of variety 00 and hardware outlets. These units are simple and relatively inex- Q 8 pensive devices that generate the sounds of running water, ocean D Q surf, etc. Or you can substitute a recording of the sounds of Q 04 ocean surf for the white-sound unit. a) U) You will also need at least four blank cassettes of the length of playing time you choose. 75 Write and record the script. Write your affirmations in an all positive manner (see Chapter 8), then speak them slowly 0 and meaningfully into one of the cassette recorders. Repeat the LL ,a script over and over for the desired length of time. When fin- (D ished, rewind the audio track now containing the verbaliza- > 0 tion. CL Record the wbite sound. Now record another cassette with CL the chosen white sound, possibly ocean waves. This recording should be the same length as the audio-voice track; for exam le, LJLJLJLJLLV PI J Mix the script recording witb the wbite-sound recording. Using the players with external output, connect the mixer TnE HOMEMADE SUBLIMINAL PROGRA (mono: two channels; stereo: four channels). Adjust the mixinj volume so that you can barely perceive the spoken affirma tions when they are mixed with the white sound. Wien al adjustments are made, record the mix using the recor der witl external input for the desired length of the finished prc%uct. Select the principal carrier. Select now the principal Arrier For your homemade version, music generally worlg best although you can remix white sound with white sounIs PlaC4 this cassette tape-and if it is not already a cassette tal& con vert it into one-in the player that carried the voice reqWding Mix the Product of step 4 witb the principal carrieg Plac4 the recorded product of your first mix in the player tt?t for merly carried the white-sound-only recording, and nA~ you two recordings onto one new master. Good luck, and remember the Golden Rule! Before going to the time and expense involved intf atin' your own, you may want to inquire of one of the es lishe( companies distributing subliminal products. Many co .luame will provide custom subliminal work for substantially less thai the cost of equipment to produce homemade tapes. 00 Q Q Q Q C*4 U) co W 0 LL > 0 CL CL 70 1 71 IN SUMMAI CD -1L CD CD CD C) C) W) C) C) C) W C*4 C) C) 0 Ir- 00 CD Q CD Q C*4 a) U) M (D 0 LL > 0 CL CL < CHAPTER TEN IN SUMMARY Anyone who takes the time and makes the effort necessary to review the literature, conduct studies, and otherwise become fully involved at an interactive level with a subject deserves to have an opinion on that subject. Opinions are always relative to the contextual reference implied by "authority," but I am not sure there is any such thing as an authority on subliminal communication, even though there are some very good author- ities on various aspects of it, for subliminal communication transcends boundaries inherent to disciplines. There is obvi- ously no specialized discipline graduating students with degrees in "subliminal." Subliminal communication for the most part is still in the investigative stages. Because this is true, most of those working with subliminal this and subliminal that view themselves as pioneers. In this pioneer's opinion, subliminal communication is one of the most promising means by which to explore dynam- icallv the pragmatic power of the mind. in the metaphor of Maxwell Maltx, many of us have become slaves to our unconscious computers. Our synthetic experiences are generally negative, and our expectations are almost invari ably limiting. our individual biocomputer, functioning as a servo A , automechanism, is programming dismal realities klespln% conscious kicking and struggling, perhaps because most of us were raised to believe we couldn't, wouldn't, and shouldn't- 72 shouldn't even try. As with any calculator when it is asked t compute, if there is more negative input than positive, the resu CD is negative. I Subliminal communication offers an affordable anZeffor less way to rewrite and rebalance the language and e atior existing in the biocomputer, that is, the unconsci( Ir sul conscious mind. Thus, through subliminal communica~)n, v~ really have an opportunity to truly take charge of the (gntroL We can indeed change ourselves and the world around 0. Wit C) this realization the possibilities become limitless. Today you can be what you think you are, not wh1gothei uct thought you might be. You can indeed become the prV your own creation-not the projection viewed from th-o lens( of others. You are indeed self-responsible! As my dear friend, Faofess( William Guillory, puts it in his wonderful book Reall tion & "Personal empowerment comes through self-awarenesa" The Asclepiads, members of an order of physicians iiUnclei Greece, used humor, drama, magic, and mysticism to teac self-responsibility for thought and action. When properl pr, , Y pared, a suffering victim would experience a liberatiradreai and walk away healed in mind and body. A return to ol&aioug] patterns, however, would be followed by the onset olghe,ol disease. The magic of the Asclepiads is inherent in oAaccej tance of self-responsibility. You are what you choose to be. Pythagoras said, "Above all else, honor thyself." Any(Se wt has studied his Golden Verses would conclude t&t h~ a) Pythagoras anticipated the appetite of twentieth-centigy wes ern culture for reasons, he would have added, "for nt to C so is to prevent thine honor of all else." LL Good luck and may you choose all things wisely! Had joy i ngS ____ I everything you experience, and aff good dhi - vill he adRed. le is ultimately the highest expression of unconditional to,& -an CL that is who you really are. CL For more information regarding subliminal commu4catioi write: Subliminal Communication P.O. Box 12419 Las Vegas, Nevada 89112 73 PROPOSED 1986 UTAH LEGISLATION Q APPENDIX B -1L Q Q Q Q Q PROPOSED 1986 LO Q Q Q W C*4 UTAH LEGISLATION Q Q 0 Legislative General Counsel Approved for Filing: DAT Date: 12/13/85; 11:44 AM (Subliminal communication as Invasion of Privacy) 1986 00 General Session Q 8 H.B. 106 By Frances Hatch Merrill Q We oppose surreptitious manipula- Q C*4 tion for purposes of exploitation. a) U) An act relating to the judicial code; designating subliminal co (Wommunication without notification as an invasion of privacy; roviding remedies; defining terms; and providing a severability !? ~ , clause. 0 This act affects sections of Utah Code Annotated 1953 as fol- U_ -dows: (D Enacts: 0 Chapter 17, Title 78, Utah Code Annotated 1953 Be it enacted 2?y the Legislature of the state of Utah: < Section 1. Chapter 17, Title 78, Utah Code Annotated 1953, is enacted to read: 78-17-1. As used in this chapter, "subliminally embedded communication" means any device or technique that is inten- tionally used to convey or attempt to convey a message to a 76 person by means of images, writing, or sounds which are not consciously perceivable. Q I . 78-17-2. It is an invasion of privacy for any person in-this state to convey or cause to be conveyed to any individuagny communication which the person knows or should know ?Pn- tains a subliminally embedded communication, unless the~er- son: Q W) (1) makes or causes to be made a notification, in the ma~ier required by Section 78-17-3, of the existence of the sub i- ~n nally embedded communication; and C*4 (2) provides to the individual, on request, a written desRip- tion of the content of the subliminally embedded commu a- 19C tion. 78-17-3. The notification required by Section 78-17-2 slpi: (1) be reasonably calculated to notify persons to whonffthe subliminally embedded communication may be transmittg# Of the existence of the subliminally embedded communicaffig; (2) include a notification of the availability of a written despip- tion of the content of the subliminally embedded commu W"' a- tion and of the name and address of the person conveying:Z or causing it to be conveyed, for use by individuals to whc~Ahe communication is conveyed in obtaining the written dessip- tion; Q 04 (3)(a) be made in conspicuously placed and easily legible t-Epe, if the communication is intended to be seen; or U) co (b) be made in a clearly audible manner immediately pri(W to the communication being made, if the communicati - (1~ is Off intended to be heard; and (4) in addition to the requirements of Subsection (3), be r1kde in conspicuously placed and easily legible type on the facc of any label or packaging of the medium containing the comwill- nication, whether the communication is intended to be seee or CL heard. CL 78-17-4. Any individual whose privacy has been invadeg as a result of an act described in this chapter, or the state of Utah, may maintain an act-ion to enjoin the continuance of the sub- liminally embedded communication until the person convey- ing the communication or causing it to be conveyed makes or 77 APPENDix B causes to be made the notification described in Section 78-17-2 Wd provides a written description of the content of the sub- 44ninally embedded communication to any person requesting Actual damages need not be alleged or proved to support C injunction. W V) 78-17-5. In addition to or in lieu of the remedy provided in Q gection 78-17-3, an individual whose privacy has been invaded Lo as a result of an act described in this chapter may maintain an Q cWtion against the person who conveyed the communication or 6used it to be conveyed for the recovery of three times his tual damages, for punitive damages, and for costs of suit, 1~t including reasonable attorney's fees. Q Section 2. If any provision of this act, or the application of (6 any provision to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, &~ remainder of this act is given effect without the invalid Wrovision or application. Legislative General Counsel Approved for Filing: DAT 00 Q Date: 12/13/85; 11:41 AM C8 (Subliminal Communication As Unfair Competition) Q Q 1986 C*4 General Session U) H.B. 107 By Frances Hatch Merrill C9 a) An act relating to commerce and trade; amending the unfair #ractices act to include subliminal communication without noti- -Eication as unfair competition; defining terms; and providing a Everability clause. -0 This act affects sections of Utah Code Annotated 1953 as fol- 9~ws: 0 Enacts: CL 13-5-3. 1, Utah Code Annotated 1953 CL < Be it enacted by the Legislature of the state of Utah: Section 1. Section 13-5-3.1, Utah Code Annotated 1953, is enacted to read: 13-5-3-1. (1) As used in this section, "subliminally embed- ded communication" means any device or technique that is 78 PROPOSED 1986 UTAii LEGISLATION intentionally used to convey or attempt to convey a message to a person by means of images, writing, or sounds which argot consciously perceived. V_ Q (2) It is an unfair method of competition in commercc&r trade for any person in this state to convey or cause to be CW- veyed to the public a communication intended to result in mon- Q etary gain which the person knows or should know contaiw a subliminally embedded communication, or to manufacture, Ss- tribute, or sell in this state any printed, audio, or visual med~m which the person knows or should know contains a subligti- a) nally embedded communication, unless the person: (a) makes or causes to be made a notification, in the man&-r required by Subsection (3), of the existence of the subliminiAly a) embedded communication; and a- (b) provides to any person, on request, a written descrip n 19 of the content of the subliminally embedded communicatiok. (3) The notification required by Subsection (2)(a) shall: - (a) be reasonably calculated to notify persons to whom (Rie subliminally embedded communication may be transmittedr-of the existence of the subliminally embedded communicatio%,r' (b) include a notification of the availability of a written desc ~P_ tion of the content of the subliminally embedded commun&- tion and of the name and address of the person conveying iar causing it to be conveyed, for use by persons to whom dke U) communication is conveyed in obtaining the written descrdD- tion; iff 7~ (c)(i) be made in conspicuously placed and easily legible tyge, if the communication is intended to be seen; or 0 (ii) be made in a clearly audible manner immediately prioAto the communication being made, if the communicatiol-17gis intended to be heard; and > (d) in addition to the requirements of Subsection (2)(c), Je made in conspicuously placed and easily legible type on the face of any label or packaging of the medium containing Se communication, whether the communication is intended to be seen or heard. Section 2. If any provision of this act, or the application of any provision to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, 79 APPENDIx B the remainder of this act is given effect without the invalid p0pvision or application. Legislative General Counsel Approved for Filing: DAT Q Lo Date: 12/13/85; 11:30 AM aSubliminal Communication Cause of Action) Q 1986 W C*4 General Session I~H.B. 108 By Frances Hatch Merrill 9&n act relating to the judicial code; creating a civil cause of a&ion for injury or death caused by subliminal communica- tn; defining terms; and providing a severability clause. oThis act affects sections of Utah Code Annotated 1953 as Alows: 5Enacts: ()78-11-7.5, Utah Code Annotated 1953 ,Be it enacted by the Legislature of the state of Utah: ~'_Section 1. Section 78-11-7.5, Utah Code Annotated 1953, is 00 Wacted to read: CD78-11-7-5. (1) An action for damages resulting from injury or Sath of a person may be maintained by the person or, as per- 04. tWtted by Sections 78-11-6 and 78-11-7, his parent, guardian, I*irs, or personal representative, against a person who know- J9 ly communicated or caused to be communicated a sublimi- IN 1~hfiy embedded communication which proximately resulted la the injury or death. 0(2) As used in this section, "subliminally embedded U_ r&mmunication" means any device or technique that is inten- Vnally used to convey or attempt to convey a message to a Lmrson by means of images, writing, or sounds which are not (Mnsciously perceived. CL < Section 2. If any provision of this act, or the application of any provision to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, ~1, remai -A er of +I';- n-f IQ f-fff-f-t XXTithCUlt thf- in'V-Alid LI-te LJA%A "A L ... o provision or application. 80 APPENDIX C Q Q TALK-RADIO Q Lo Q Q DiscussiON W C*4 Q HIGHLIGHTS Q (L Taylor: I understand the intent of this legislation is to elimin nate willful exploitation of the public via subliminal tectf~ nology. < Jessop: That's correct, Eldon. Taylor: The Mind Mint thoroughly supports that. Not to sulk__ port it is un-American. Virgil, you correct me if I get it wrongz but in reviewing the biRs myself, I have some problems becaug the language is rather ambiguous and by definition perhaps couQ5 tie the hands of our behavioral scientists, our self-help commis nity, and for that matter maybe even the conversations a mo&4 a) might have with her child. This is where you are coming fronxp is that right? C9 a) Hayes: I believe that could possibly be the interpretation-Z vague as the interpretation is, and I think that's what we ; 1~ here to address tonight, Eldon. So I think that it might be apprco priate if we were to have a partial reading of the bills so th_% the public might have more of an idea what the biH actuall states. 0- Jessop: Basically we have three bills. H.B. 106 is primaril; discussing the use of subliminal communication as an ii 0 of privacy. It is our contention that an individual has the right .0 t- 1-:--+-A +_ -1-+- 441- -,--+ +_ I- 1-~ as L ue suLJ1)%_%_L%_1L1 L" WlIaL%_V~_l L11%_Y VV"11L. %,W long as they have prior notification that they are going to be subjected to this. That's one of the reasons why we believe 81 Q APPENDIX D -1L Q Q 1AMENDMENTS TO THE LO Q Q W PROPOSED 1986 N Q I'D U TA H LEGISLATION House Committee Amendments January 29, 1986 (Aepresentative Merrill proposes the following amendments to,B.B. 106, Subliminal Communication As Invasion of Privacy. :Zage 1, Lines 19-22: Delete Section 78-17-1 in its entirety ar~ insert the following in its place: ;38-17- 1. "Subliminally embedded communication" means any vigal image, writing, or sound which is intentionally placed incIny printing, audio, or visual medium in order to draw atten a) ti(W to the subject of the medium without the visual image, wilting, or sound being consciously perceived, or in order to dfRctly convey or attempt to convey a message which is not 4sciously perceived. It does not include images or impres sidhs which are conveyed by implication or by visual images or U_ . a tries of visual images which are consciously perceived. tah H.B. 106 gubject: Subliminal Communication as Invasion of Privacy 8uggested amendments: .%:,L dd as Section 78-17-6 (page 3 of the Bill): 78-17-6. The provisions of this chapter shall not apply to any entity -11-se only participatio"A" the r-d -Inx-ex-ind- 1-% f s1wh .7 - x'- -1 Y 1-Y -11 "1 - - - ~ -7 -.-- - ~ __.. messages is as a provider of facilities or ser-vices for the trans- mission of communications to the public. APPENDIX E Q -1L Q Q THURSTONE Lo Q Q Q ASUREMENT TABLE W N Q Q The Thurstone Temperament Scale. measures 0 seven different areas of the subject's personality: Activity Vigorousness Impulsiveness Dominance 00 Stability Q Sociability Q Q Reflectivity Q The figures on the following pages show pretestC*4 and posttest a) measurements taken in connection with the U) study of the effects C9 of subliminal communication on inmates at the Utah State Prison. 0 LL 'a a) 0 CL CL 92 93 Approved For Release 2000/08/11 : CIA-RDP96-00792ROO0500390001 -0 LOW VERY LOW AVER.... ..ER..E ."EIRAG. HIGH VERY HIGH 0 r r 6 0 r JillTTT TI I I I PERCENTILE > M z tz L W HIGH VERY LOW LOW AVEOA.E AVERAGE AVERAGE HIGH VERY HIGH 0 CA rA E ~z z 1"CENTILb Approved For Release 2000/08/11 CIA-RDP96-00792RO 0500390001-0 Approved For Release 2000/08/11 : CIA-RDP96-00792ROO0500390001 -0 LO HIGH VERY LOW LOW AVERWAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE HIGH VERY HIGH 0 I I I I [Lud LLIALWILLdu III III "Al 1-1 III] [I I II 'n r z r m mmmmm TrrrrrrrT-M I I I I 0 a PERCENTILE 0 I+ LOW HIGH VERY LOW LOW A VERA.E AVERAGE AVERAGE HIGH VERY HIGH 0 0 5 L 3 c r Approved For Release 2000/08/11 CIA-RDP96-0070NM500390001-0 0---A :z 0 z > ABSTRACT oF FINDINGS Q APPENDIX F -IL Q Q C:P M co Q ABSTRACT OF Q Lo Q Q Q FINDINGS W C*4 by CHARLES F McCL USKER Q Q Thirty-eight male residents (average age, twenty-three) from the Unit at the Utah State Prison completed the Thurstone Tem- perament Schedule in a voluntary participatory study. Follow- ing administration, subjects were randomly placed in one of three groups (experimental, fourteen; placebo, thirteen; and control, eleven). The experimental group received and played 00 a subliminal tape for twenty days. The placebo group received Q Q and played a similar sounding tape without an embedded sub- Q Q liminal message, while the control group had no tape expo- C*4 sure. At the end of twenty days a second Thurstone Tempera- a) U) ment Schedule was administered. In the experimental group M five subjects remained who had completed the procedure, three in the placebo, and eight in the control. Others were lost due to discharges or unwillingness to participate. 0 LL in a comparison of the experimental and control groups, the -0 following results were obtained. The Dominance scale scores a) > decreased while the - Reflective and Stability scale scores 0 increased in the Experimental group (desired effects). The Dom- CL a inance scale scores increased while the Reflective scale scores decreased in the Control group. These are interesting results across groups. In the experimental group these results would message and felt no change. They obtained no reinforcement to continue, and possibly experienced some frustration. Q It is stressed that this pilot study had limitations, especAlly a in time of implementation and sample size. a It is not the intention of the experimenters to geneigize beyond the obtained results. it must be stressed, howeverghat to evaluate an incarcerated population was a uniique oppczrtu- Lo nity; to our knowledge this was the first time subliminal 5ch- nology has been evaluated with this population. The r&its indicated change and strongly suggest the need for fugher research with benefit to these individuals and society in_ en- eral, as this technology is better understood and appliecan a Q wide variety of applications and settings. Experimental Control Predifferences to postdifferences Predifferences to postdifferencp Scale Rate of Scale Rme of movement Variable Change Movement Variable ChlZge Stability +3.4 t Stability C~8 Q Reflectivity +2.6 Reflectivity -9-0 a) Dominance -2.7 Dominance +W4 M 0 LL 'a Figure 5. Comparisons the between experimental group md > the control group. 0 CL CL be predicted by focus of the embedded subliminal messages. In the placebo group the opposite effect obtained may be explained by the fact that they (the subjects) listened to a tape without a 98 1 99 00 Q Q Q Q C*4 U) 77D 0 LL > 0 I- CL CL RECOMMENDED LO READING'S N Q Q (L Adams, V. May 1982. "Mommy and I are one": Beaming meRages to inner space. Psycbology Today, 16 (9), 24. Adamson, R.; Henke, P.; and O'Donovan, D. 1969. AvoidancUon- ditioning following preadaptation to weak shock. Psycbonomic Science, 14 (3), 119-21. Advertising Age. 28 Feb. 1985, p. 6. Ads against wall in 8deo background. Q Advertising Age. 13 Aug. 1984, p. 6. Spirits industry beamover BATF review. C*4 (D Advertising Age. 14 June 1982, p. 63. New Woman magazine) has developed what it calls "subliminal synergism," a techaque whereby the dominant color or colors of a four-color ad age are picked up on the page opposite as a color-coded tint ock 0 behind a headline. LL Advertising Age. 5 Jan. 1981, p. 36. Inappropriate modifierbcan seriously water down an ad message, warns Social Rese§~ch, 0 Inc. Chicago: BB Gardner. American Metal Market. 16 Aug. 1984, p. 14. Shoplifting red&yed 80 percent by subliminal technology. Andersson, A. L.; Fries, I.; and Smith, G. J. 1970. Change in after- image and spiral aftereffect serials due to anxiety caused by subliminal threat. Scandinavian Journal qfPsycbology, 11 (1), 7-17. 101 SUBLIMINAL COMMUNICATION Antell, M. J. Feb. 1970. The effect of priming and the subliminal 9 presentation of sexual and aggressive stimuli on tests of creativ- T_ Q ity. Dissertation Abstracts International, 30 (8-B), 3859-60. CD Antell, J. J., and Goldberger, L. 1978. The effects of subliminally Q a) presented sexual and aggressive stimuli on literary creativity. M Q Psychological Research Bulletin, Lund Univ., 19 (7), 20. CD Ariam, S., and Siller, J. Oct. 1982. Effects of subliminal oneness Q Q stimuli in Hebrew on academic performance of Israeli high school Q students: Further evidence on the adaptation-enhancing effects W C*4 of symbiotic fantasies in another culture using another language. 4M Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 91 (5). Q Arzumanov, IuL. Sept.-Oct. 1974. Elaboration of temporary con- Q (6 nections in man using unrecognized visual stimuli. Zb Vyssb m Nerv Deiat, 24 (5), 917-23. Augenbraun, H. R. June 1983. The effect of subliminal activation W of unconscious fantasies in the treatment of juvenile-onset and adult-onset obesity. Dissertation Abstracts International, 43 (12-B), 4134. Babighian, G. July-Aug. 1969. Behavior and clinical importance of various subliminal tests in Menier's disease. Minerva 00 Otorinolaringo (Italy), 19 (4), 215-22. CQ Bagby, P. K. June 1985. The effect of symbiotic and oedipal sub- Q Q liminal stimuli on field independence and competitive tasks. Q Dissertation Abstracts International, 45 (12-B, Pt 1), 3927. C*4 a) Baker, L. E. 1937. The influence of subliminal stimuli upon verbal U) C9 behavior. Journal of Expe~imental Psychology, 20. Balota, D. A. June 1982. Automatic and attention activation in semantic and episodic memory: Implications for the utility of conscious awareness. Dissertation Abstracts International, 42 LO (12-B, Pt 1), 4952. L Bancroft, W. J. 1976. Suggestology and suggestopedia: The theory W of the Lozanov method. 0 Banreti-Fuchs, K. M. 1967. Perception without awareness. Acta CL Psychologia (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 26 (2), 148-60. CL Barber, P. J., and Rushton, J. F. Aug. 1975. Experimenter bias and subliminal perception. British Journal of Psychology, 66 (3), ar,7-79 '_~ I , - Barchas, P. R., and Perlaki, K. M. June 1986, Processing of pre- consciously acquired information measured by hemispheric asym- metry and selection accuracy. Behav Neurosci, 100 (3), 343-49. RECOMMENDED READINGS Barenklau, K. E. Dec. 1981. Using subliminals in technical train ing. Training, 18 (1), 50-51. C DI E. May Bargh, J. A.; Bond, R. N.; Lombardi, W. J.; and Tota, M. 1986. The additive nature of chronic and temporary sourcamof construct accessibility. Journal of Personality and Social ff:5fy- cbology, 50 (5), 869-78. Barkoczi, I.; Sera, L.; and Komlosi, A. Mar. 1983. Relations Q s Mp between functional asymmetry of the hemispheres, sublin-&qal Q . perception, and some defense mechanisms in various exywri- mental settings. Psychologia: An InternationalJournal of 6y- chology in the Orient, 26 (1), 1-20. a) Battersby, W. S., and Defabaugh, G. L. July 1969. Neural lin6a tions of visual excitability: After-effects of subliminal stim%a W tion. Vision Research (England), 9 (7), 757-68. a) al Bauer, W. Feb. 1986. The effects of conditional and unconditipp subliminal symbiotic stimuli on intrinsic motivation. DissqXta- 1 tion Abstracts International, 46 (8-B), 2794-95. < Becker, H. C.; Chamberlain S.; Burt, S.; Heisse, J.; and Marinqy). Poster session reported to the American Society of Clinical Hyp- T_ nosis, 25th Annual Scientific Meeting. Becker, H. C., and Charbonnet, K. D. 28 Mar. 1980. Applicaans a- of subliminal video and audio stimuli in therapeutic, e(9 tional, industrial, and commercial settings. Eighth Annual N(ath- east Bioengineering Conference, Massachusetts Institute of Ach- nology, Cambridge. W U) Becker, H. C., and McDonagh, E. W. Nov. 1979. Subliminal com- munication (subliminal psychodynamic activation) in rehagiii- tative and preventive medicine. Proceedings of the Ninth AnWal Conference of the Societyfor Computer Medicine. Atlanta " '0 Becker, H. C., and Glauzer, N. H. 10-12 Apr. 1978. Sublindnal communication: Advances in audiovisual engineering appIca- IL-Ions for behavior therapy and educat'on. Proceedings oj::-the 1978 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Ret?n 3 Conference. CL Becker, H. C.; Jewell, J. F.; and Alito, P. 13-17 Mar. 1977. eo and audio signal monitors/processors for subliminal communi- cation in weight control. Proceedings of the 1 12th Annual Meet- ing of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instru- mentation (AAMI). San Francisco. in? 1 103 SU13LIMINAL COMMUNICATION Becker, H. C., and Elder, S. T. 5-11 Sept. 1966. Can subliminal CD perception be useful to the psychiatrist? Excerpta Medica (Inter- .rL national Congress Series No. 117). Abstract of paper presented Q Q to the IV World Congress of Psychiatry, Madrid. 5:Becker, H. C.; Corrigan, R. E.; Elder, S. T.; Tallant, J. D.; and m Goldstein, M. 22-27 Aug. 1965. Subliminal communication: bio- Q Q logical engineering considerations. In Digest of the 6tb Inter- LO Q national Conference on Medical Electronics and Biological CD Engineering, pp. 452-53. Tokyo. Q OMeisgen, R. T., Jr.; and Gibby, R. G., Jr. 1969. Virginia Common- C*4 wealth Univ. Autonomic and verbal discrimination of a sublim inally learned task. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 29 (2), 503-7. Q gBeloff, J. May 1973. The subliminal and the extrasensory. Para- psychology Review, 4 (3), 23-27. a-Ben-Hur, A. NOV. 1970. The relationship of systematic desensiti- zation and the activation of symbiotic merging fantasy to speech a ety reduction among college students. Dissertation Abstracts nxi International, 40 (5- B), 2351-52. ..Bernstein, B. R. Feb. 1986. The effects of subliminal symbiotic and oedipal stimuli on weight loss in obese women. Disserta- tion Abstracts International, 46 (8-B), 2795. 00 QBerry, D. M. May 1985. Effects of educative/support groups and Q subliminal psychodynamic activation on bulimia in college Q Q women. Dissertation Abstracts International, 45 (11-B), 3612. C*4 a) Bevin, W. Feb. 1964. Subliminal stimulation: A pervasive problem U) for psychology. Psychological Bulletin, 61 (2), 84-92. M (DBlock, M. P., and Vanden Bergh, B. G. 1985. Michigan State Univ. Z Can you sell subliminal messages to consumers? -urnal of J0 Advertising, 14 (3), 59-62. oBohm, D., and Peat, D. 1987. Science, Order and Creativity. New LL York: Bantam. 'a (DBorgeat, F. Dec. 1983. Psychophysiological effects of two differ- 0- ent relaxation procedures: Progressive relaxation and sublimi- CL nal relaxation. Psychiatric Journal of the University of CL Ottawa, 8 (4), 181-85. PsicoliltvTeurol Psichlatr (iftaly", 27 (4), 443-55. ~~re, M. Nov.-Dec. 1965. Degree of discernability of the stimulus mand perceptive behavior. Arch Psicol Neurol Psicbiatr (Italy), < 26 (6), 566-76. Feldman, J. B. May 1979. The utilization of the subliminal psychodynamic activation method in the further examination of conscious and unconscious measures of death anxiety. Dis- sertation Abstracts International, 39 (1 I-B), 5547-48. RECOMMENDED READINGS Ferguson, M. 1986. BrainlMind Bulletin. Perspective, 11 (9). Ferguson, M. 1985. BrainlMind Bulletin. Perspective, 7 (4). CD Field, G. A. 1974. The unconscious organization. PsychoanalyH6 Revietv, 61 (3), 333-54. Q Fisher, C. 1956. Dreams, images, and perception: A study a unconscious-preconscious relationships. Journal of the A"WAS can Psychoanalytic Association, 4-48. Q Fisher, C. B.; Glenwick, D. S.; and Blumenthal, R. S. Aug. 1982 Subliminal oedipal stimuli and competitive performance: P0 investigation of between-groups effects and mediating subje~ variables. Journal ofAbnormal Psychology, 95 (3), 292-24. a) Fisher, S. May 1976. Conditions affecting boundary response CD messages out of awareness. Journal of Nervous and MentR to Disease, 162 (5), 313-22. a) Fisher, S. Aug. 1975. State Univ. New York. Effects of messaA reported to be out of awareness upon the body boundary. jotm nal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 161 (2), 90-99. Fiss, H. Dec. 1966. The effects of experimentally induced changa in alertness on response to subliminal stimulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (U. S.), 34 (4), 577-95. Florek, W. G. Nov. 1985. An investigation of the effects of stimwr, lating symbiotic fantasies in primipara females. Disserta ti(§ Abstracts International, 46 (5-B), 1720. Q Q Folio: The Magazinefor Magazine Management, Sept. 1982, pV4 32, 34. 'Subliminal synergism'-harmonized color sche ml between an ad and facing editorial copy-attracts advertisers ad New Woman magazine. Foodman, A. 1976. Hemispheric asymmetrical brain wave indicW- tors; of unconscious mental processes. Journal of Operation,# Psychiatry, 7 (1), 3-15. LL Foster, R. P. Apr. 1982. The effects of subliminal tachis Itoscon'2 , W presentation of drive-r-ellated stimulf. on the cognitive functio t ing of paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenics. Disserta "08 Abstracts International, 42 (10-B), 4190-91. CL Fox, Muriel 1966. Differential effects of subliminal and supraliminig stimulation. Dissertation Abstracts International, 27 (4B), 1289-90. Frauman, D. C.; Lynn, S. J.; Hardaway, R.; and Molteni, A. Nov. 1984. Effect of subliminal symbiotic activation on hypnotic rap- 108 log CD ,L CD CD CD a) M CD CD Lo CD CD CD W C*4 CD 9 IL 00 CD CD CD CD C*4 a) U) 0 LL -a > L0_ CL CL SUBLIMINAL COMMUNICATION port and susceptibility. Journal of Abnormal Psycbology, 93 (4), 481-483. Fribourg, A. June 1981. The effect of fantasies of merging with a good-mother figure on schizophrenic pathology. Journal ofNer- vous and Mental Disease, 169 (6), 337-47. Fribourg, A. Sept. 1979. The effect of fantasies of merging with a good-mother figure on schizophrenic pathology. Dissertation Abstracts International, 40 (3-13), 1363. Friedman, S. 1976. Perceptual registration of the analyst outside of awareness. Psycboanalytic Quarterly, 45 (1), 128-30. Froufe, T. M., and Sierra, D.B. June 1985. Perception without aware- ness. Boletin de Psicologia (Spain), 7, 7-50. Fulford, P. F. Oct. 1980. The effect of subliminal merging stimuli on test anxiety. Dissertation Abstracts International, 41 (4-13), 1503. Gade, P. A., and Gertman, David. "Listening to compressed speech: The effects of instructions, experience and preference." U.S. Army Researcb Institutefor the Bebavioral and Social Science, Aug. 1979, TP 369. Gadlin, W., and Fiss, H. 1967. Odor as a facilitator of the effects of subliminal stimulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psycbology, 7 (1, Pt. 1), 95-100. Ganovski, L. 1977. The role of peripheral perceptions in solving mental tasks. Activitas Nervosa Superior, 19 (4), 280-81. Geisler, C. J. Oct. 1986. The use of subliminal psychodynamic activation in the study of repression. Journal of Personality and Social Psycbology (U. S.), 51 (4), 844-45. Geisler, C. J. May 1983. A new experimental method for the study of the psychoanalytic concept of repression. Dissertation Abstracts International, 43 (11-13), 3757. Giddan, N. S. Mar. 1967. Recovery through images of briefly flashed stimuli. journal Personal Sorciall P 1-19. sy.-bol Glaser, M., and Chi, J. 5 Nov. 1984. More competition, slower growth ahead for drug chains/employee theft an "epidemic": Loss prevention chief. Drug Topics, 128 (21), 84-85. Glennon, S. June 1984. The effects of functional brain asymmetry and hemisphericity on the subliminal activation of residual oedi- pal conflicts. Dissertation Abstracts International, 44 (12-13), 3931-32. 110 RECOMMENDED READINGS Glover, E. D. Mar. 1978. The influence of subliminal perception on smoking behavior. Dissertation Abstracts Internationd.* 38 (9-A), 5265. Ir- Golland, J. H. 1967. The effects of experimental drive aroug on response to subliminal stimulation. Dissertation Abs&cts c0 International, 27 (11-13), 4123. CD Gordon, C. M., and Spence, D. D. 1966. The facilitating effeas of food set and food deprivation on responses to a sublimina&od stimulus. Journal of Personality, 34Z (3), 406-15. CD CD Gordon, W. K. May 1983. Combination of cognitive groupo_Mer- C*4 apy and subliminal stimulation in treatment of test-anxio ol- UOW lege males. Dissertation Abstracts International, 43 (I~j-13), 3731. CD Grant, R. H. Aug. 1980. The effects of subliminally projected gual stimuli on skill development, selected attention, and partmipa- tion in racquetball by college students. Dissertation Abs& cts International, 41 (2-A), 585. Greenberg, R. P., and Fisher, S. Dec. 1980. Freud's perds aby equation: Exploratory tests of a controversial theory. Britisb0mr- nal of Medical Psycbology, 53 (4), 33-42. Groeger, J. A. Feb. 1986. Predominant and nonpredominantT" Wal- ysis: Effects of level of presentation. Britisbjournal ofpsool- ogy, 77 (1), 109-16. CD CD Groeger, J. A. Aug. 1984. Evidence of unconscious semand ro- cessing from a forced-effor situation. Britisb Journal o - cbology, 75 (3), 305-14. U) Guillory, W. 1988. Unpublished. Innovations Consulting, Salt Take City, Utah. 77D Guthrie, G., and Wiener, M. June 1966. Subliminal perception or perception of partial cue with pictorial stimuli. journalWer- LL sonal Social Psycbology (U.S.), 3 (6), 619-22. '9ac Guttman, G., and Ganglberger, J. 1967. Conditioned verbal dons ILL Iggered by sublIffinirial. thalmic stimulation. Zeitschri-blfir Experimentelle und Angetvandte Psycbologie, 14 (3), 542t44. Haberstroh, J. 17 Sept. 1984. Can't ignore subliminal ad ch-adhes. -47 Advertising Age, 5 5 (61), 3, 442, 44. Halpern, S. 1985. Sound Health. San Francisco: Harper and Row. Hardy, G. R., and Legge, D. 1968. Cross-model induction of changes in sensory thresholds. Quarterlyjournal of Experimental Psy cbology, 20 (1), 20-29. Q ,j Q Q Q Q Q Lo Q Q Q W C*4 a) I- Q Q 0 0 00 Q Q Q Q C*4 U) C9 (D 77D W 0 LL 'D (D > 0 CL CL < SUBUMINAL COMMUNICATION Harrison, R. H. 1970. Effect of subliminal shock conditioning on recall. Journal of Abnormal Psycbologv, 75 (1), 19-29. Hart, L. June 1973. The effect of noxious subliminal stimuli on the modification of attitudes toward alcoholism: A pilot study. British journal of Addiction, 68 (2), 87-90. Hayden, B., and Silverstein, R. 1983. The effects of tachistoscopic oedipal stimulation on competitive dart throwing. Psycbologi- cal Research Bulletin, Lund Univ., 23 (1), 12. Heilbrun, K. S. Oct. 1980. The effects of subliminally presented oedipal stimuli on competitive performance. Dissertation Abstracts International, 41 (4-13), 1506. Henley, S. 1975. Cross-model effects of subliminal verbal stimuli. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 16 (1), 30-36. Henley, S. H. Nov. 1976. Responses to homophones as a function of cue words on the unattended channel. British Journal of Psychology, 67 (4), 559-67. Henley, S. H., and Dixon, N. F. June 1976. Preconscious process- ing in schizophrenics: An exploratory investigation. Britishjour- nal Medical Psychology, 49 (2), 161-6. Henley, S. H., and Dixon, N. F. Nov. 1974. Laterality differences in the effect of incidental stimuli upon evoked imagery. British Journal of Psychology, 65 (4), 529-36. Henley, S. R. Mar. 1984. Unconscious perception revisited: A com- ment on Merikle's (1982) paper. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 22 (2), 121-24. Herrick, R. M. Oct. 1973. Increment thresholds for multiple iden- tical flashes in the peripheral retina. Journal of the Optical Soci- ety of America, 63 (10), 1261-65. f Hines, K. S. May 1978. Subliminal psychodynamic activation o oral dependency conflicts in a group of hospitalized male alco holics. Dissertation Abstracts International, 38 (11-B), 5572. Hoban, P. July 1984. Subliminal software. Omni, 6 (1), 30. Hobbs, S. Sept. 1984. The effects of subliminal oedipal and sym- biotic gratification fantasies on racial attitudes. Dissertation Abstracts International, 45 (3-B), 1018. Hodorowski, L. Feb. 1986. The symbiotic fantasy as a therapeutic agent: An experimental comparison of the effects of four sym- biotic contexts on manifest pathology in differentiated schizophrenics. Dissertation Abstracts International, 46 (8-B), 2810. 112 RECOMMENDED READINGS Hoffman, J. S. June 1986. Review of the subliminal psychodynamic activation method. Doctor of Psychology research paper, Biola Univ. Q Holtzman, D. Nov. 1975. Recall and importations on a word-test primed by a subliminal stimulus. Dissertation Abstracts Ster- national, 36 (5-B), 2473. Q Hovsepian, W., and Quatman, G. Feb. 1978. Effects of sublisinal el. stimulation on masculinity-femininity ratings of a male V Perceptual and Motor Skills, 46(l), 155-61. Q Hull, E. 1. Oct. 1976. Ego states characteristic of enhancecstiii- zation of subliminal registrations. Dissertation A bstracts rqter- national, 37 (4-B), 1903-04. a) Hutchison, M. 1986. Megabrain. Ballantine Books. Q Q Hylton, R. L. Sept. 1979. A comparison of the effects ofAural arousal on the verbal learning of normal and learning di9bled elementary school pupils. Dissertation Abstracts Inewa- W tional, 40 (3-B), 1393. Jackson, J. M. Nov. 1983. A comparison of the effects of suili-mi- nally presented fantasies of merger with each parent CW the pathology of male and female schizophrenics. Dissert,-:ition V_ Abstracts International, 43 (5-B), 1616-17. journal of Advertising Research. Feb. 1979, pp. 55-57. Wfwother subliminal perception influences behavior is examineday J. Saegert of Univ. of Texas at San Antonio. Q C9 Jus, A., and Jus, K. 1967. Neurophysiologic studies 66 the 14 unconscious" (thresholds of perception and elements (a the 11 unconscious" in the production of conditioned reflexet. Zb Nevropatol Psikhiatr (USSR), 67 (12), 1809-15. Kaley, H. W. Oct. 1970. The effects of subliminal stimuli anddrive on verbal responses and dreams. Dissertation Abstracts lber- national, 31 (4-B), 2284. Kaplan, R., Thornton, P.; and Silverman. L. Nov. 1985. F*ther d s f subliminal mbiotic stimulati ata on the effect o sy c9 on schizophrenics. journal of Nervous and Mental Diseasa173 (11), 658-66. < Kaplan, R. B. Sept. 1976. The symbiotic fantasy as a therapeutic agent: An experimental comparison of the effects of three sym- biotic elements on manifest pathology in schizophrenics. Dis- sertation Abstracts International, 37 (3-B), 1437-38. 113 SUBLIMINAL COMMUNICATION Kaser, V.A. July 1986. The effects of an auditory subliminal mes- 9 sage upon the production of images and dreams. Journal of v-- Nervous and Mental Disease, 174 (7), 397-407. &tz, Y. Oct. 1965. Subliminal perception and the creative pre- Q a, conscious. Dissertation Abstracts International, 34 (4-13), 1751. gaye, M. M. Sept. 1975. The therapeutic value of three merging Q stimuli for male schizophrenics. Dissertation Abstracts Inter- LO Q national, 36 (3-11), 1438-39. Sennedy, R. S. Apr. 1971. A comparison of performance on visual W and auditory monitoring tasks. Human Factors, 13 (2), 93-97. C*4 Mey, W. 1981. Clam Plate Orgy. New York: Signet. gey, W. 1974. Subliminal Seduction. New York: Signet. Rilbourne, W. E.; Painton, S.; and Ridley, D. 1985. The effect of to a) sexual embedding on responses to magazine advertisements. iL Journal of Advertising, 14 (2), 48-5 5. Weespies, P., and Wiener, M. Aug. 1972. The "orienting reflex" as an input indicator in "subliminal" perception. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 35 (1), 103-10. Klein, G. S. 1970. Perception, Motives and Personality. New York: .- Knopf. a5lein, G. S. 1956. Perception, motives and personality: A clinical Q perspective. In J. L. McCary, ed., Psychology of Personality. Q Q New York: Logos. alein, G. S.; Spence, D. P.; Holt, R. R.; and Gourevitch, S. 1958. a) Cognition without awareness: Subliminal influences upon con- U) M sclous thought. Journal of Abnormal Social Psycbology, 54. ein, S., and Moricz, E. 1969. A study of the effect of threshold -P W stimuli. Magyar Pszicbologiai Szemle, 26 (2), 198-206. aleinbrook, W. L. Feb. 1985. Pastoral considerations regarding LL the use of subliminal psychodynamic activation. Dissertation 13 Abstracts International, 45 (8-A), 2555. Rolers, P. A. Sept. 19772. Sublftninal sti-mulation hn Sim-ple and com- -Y L_ plex cognitive processes. Dissertation Abstracts Interna- CL CL tional, 33 (3-13), 1269. 4kostandov, E. A. 1977. Cortical evoked potentials to emotional words (supraliminal and subliminal). Activities Nervosa Supe- rior, 19 (4), 301-2. Kostandov, E. A. 1973. The effect of negative emotions on per- ception. Voprosy Psikbologii (USSR), 19 (6), 60-72. 114 RECOMMENDED READINGS Kostandov, E. A. Mar.-Apr. 1970. Perception and subliminal reac- tions to unrecognized stimuli. Zb Vyssb Nerv Deiat (USSR), (2),441-9. Kostandov, E. A. 1969. The effect of emotional excitation on au(9 tory threshold and subliminal reactions. Zh Vyssh Nerv Deia (USSR), 19 (3), 462-70. M Q Kostandov, E. A. May-June 1968. The effect of unrecognized en,~ tional verbal stimuli. Zh Vyssb Nerv Deiat (USSR), 19 (3), 371--'ri Z Kostandov, E. A., and Arzumanov, IuL. July 1986. The influencit of subliminal emotional words on functional hemispheric asy1% metry. InternationalJournal of Psychopbysiology, 4 (2), 143-41T. Kostandov, E. A.; Arzumanov, J.; Vazhnova, T.; Reschikova, 10.. 0 Shostakovich, G. Oct. -Dec. 1980. PavlovJournal ofBiologicd( Science, 15 (4), 142-50. a) Kostandov, E. A., and Arzumanov, luL. May-June 1978. Cont tioned reflex mechanism of unconscious decision making. Vyssb Nerv Deiat, 28 (3), 542-8. Kostandov, E. A., and D'iachkova, G. 1. Mar.-Apr. 1971. EvokP potentials of the human cerebral cortex to recognized and unr~__'_ ognized auditory signals. Neirofiziologiia (USSR), 3 (2), 115-2= Krass, P. Spring 1980-81. Computers that would program peoplo Business and Society Review, 37, 62-64. Q Q Krass, P. Jan. 1981. You will read this article. Output, 1 (11), 3 -3011 0.4 Kreider, H., and Kreider, S. Dec. 1974. Optimization of exper& mental ESP results. Journal of Parapsychology, 38, 383-92. U) M Kreider, H.. and Kreider, S. Sept. 1973. Subliminal percepti(A and extrasensory perception. Journal of Parapsychology, (3), 163-88. Leclerc, C., and Freibergs, V. Aug. 1971. The influence of percei2- tual and symbiotic subliminal stimuli on concept formatiom Canadian (D Journal of Psychology (Canada), 25 (4), 292-301 - > Ledford, B. P. Aug. 1978. The effects of thematic content a rheostatically controlled visual subliminals upon the receivirR level of the affective domain of learners. Ledford, B. R., and Ledford, S. Y. Nov. 1985. The effects of pre- conscious cues upon the automatic activation of self-esteem of selected middle school students. Requirement for Project 1246. Tucson Unified School District. 115 SUBLIMINAL COMMUNICATION Lee, L; Tyrer, P.; Horn, S. Oct. 1983. A comparison on sublimi Q nal, supraliminal and faded phobic cinefilms in the treatment of agoraphobia. BritishJournal of Psychiatry, 143, 356-61. CD Lee, L, and Tyrer, P. Jan. 1980. Responses of chronic agoraphob- Q Q ics to subliminal and supraliminal phobic motion pictures. a) co Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 168 (1), 34-40. Q Q Leiter, E. 1982. The effects of subliminal activation of aggressive LO Q and merging fantasies in differentiated and nondifferentiated Q schizophrenics. Psychological Research Bulletin, Lund Univ., Q W 22(7),21. C*4 Leiter, E. Feb. 1974. A study of the effects of subliminal activation of merging fantasies in differentiated and nondifferentiated 9 schizophrenics. Dissertation Abstracts International, 34 (8-B) 4022-23. IL Levy, S. Apr. 1984. The selling of subliminal. Popular Comput- ing, 8 (6), 70, 75-78. t, B.; Alberts, W. W.; and Wright, E. W. 1976. Responses of L ibe human somatosensory cortex to stimuli below threshold for con- scious sensation. Science, 158 (3808), 1597-1600. Lieberman, H. J. May 1975. A study of the relationship between developmentally determined personality and associated thought 00 Q styles and tachistoscopic exposure time as reflected in conflict Q Q resolution. Dissertation Abstracts International, 35(11-B), Q C*4 5670-71. a) Linehan, E., and O'Toole, J. Mar. 1982. Effect of subliminal stim- U) ulation of symbiotic fantasies on college student self-disclosure M T in group counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 29 (2), 151-57. Litwack, T. R.; Wiedemann, C. F.; and Yager, J. Feb. 1979. The 0 LL fear of object loss, responsiveness to subliminal stimuli, and 13 schizophrenic psychopathology. Journal of Nervous and Men- a) > tal Disease. 167 (2). 79-90. SO- Lodl, C. M. Mar. 1981. The effects of subliminal stimuli of aggres- CL sive content upon the analytic/field-independent cognitive style. CL Dissertation Abstracts International, 41 (9-B), 35 59-60. Lofflin, J. 20 Mar. 1988. Help from the hidden persuaders. Netv York Times. Lomangino, L. F. 1969. Depiction of subliminally and supralimin- ally presented aggressive stimuli and its effects on the cognitive 116 RECOMMENDED READINGS functioning of schizophrenics. Dissertation Abstracts Interna- tional, 30 (4-B), 1900-01. Q Lorenzo G. J. Jan.-Feb. 1985. Subliminal stimuli, unconscious psy- V_ chopathological behavior, diagnostic and therapeutic i & lica- I . tions. U Autonoma de Madrid, Facultad de Psicologia, n, 6 Ir (1),30-40. c0 Lozanov, G. 1978. Suggestology and Outlines of Sugges~pedy. LO New York: Gordon and Breach. McCormack, J. J. Dec. 1980. Effects of gender, intensity., arg dura- Q tion of sex-related visual subliminals upon the submisMon of controlled attention. Dissertation Abstracts InternatiVI, 41 (6-A), 2409-10. McGinley, L. I Jan. 1986. Uncle Sam believes messages abous mofu help calm nerves. Wall StreetJournal. McGreen, P. J. May 1986. The effects of father absence OlLaffec- tive responses to subliminal symbiotic messages. Disscgatiori Abstracts International, 46 (11-B), 4021-22. McLaughlin, M. 2 Feb. 1987. Subliminal tapes urge sho A rs tc heed the warning sounds of silence: 'Don't steal.' New klam Business, 9 (2), 36-37. McNulty, J. A.; Deckrill, F. J.; and Levy, B. A. Mar. 19g. Th( subthreshold perception of stimulus-meaning. AmericaoJour Q nal of Psychology (U. S.), 90 (1), 28-40. a&ctiv( Magri, M. B. Aug. 1979. Effects of sexual guilt upon responses to subliminal sexual stimuli. Dissertation Aqtrach International, 40 (2-B), 926. U) Maltz, M. 1960. Psychocybernetics. New York: Simon and S(Zuster Marcel, A. J. Apr. 1983. Conscious and unconscious per tion experiments on visual masking and word recognition. &ogni 0 tive Psychology, 15 (2), 197-237. LL Marketing (Canada's Weekly Newspaper of Marketing Colamuni cations). 19 Jan. 1987, pp. 1, 3. CRTC changes mind o*elevi sion rules. 0- Marketing Communications. Apr. 1985, p. 8. Subliminal CL-ting W 25 years later. < Marketing News. 15 Mar. 1985, pp. 5-6. Threshold messaginj touted as antitheft measure. Martin, A. Dec. 1975. The effect of subliminal stimulation of sym biotic fantasies on weight loss in obese women receiving behav 117 SUBLIMINAL COMMUNICATION ioral treatment. Dissertation Abstracts International, 36 (6-B), 30354-55. Wendelsohn, E. M. Sept. 1981. The effects of stimulating symbi- le- otic fantasies on manifest pathology in schizophrenics: A reverse formulation. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 169 (9), 580-90. 3Aendelsohn, E. M. June 1980. Responses of schizophrenic men to LO subliminal psychodynamic stimuli. Dissertation Abstracts International, 40 (12-B), 5820-21. ~~4endelsohn, E., and Silverman, L. H. 1982. Effects of stimulating c-4 psychodynamically relevant unconscious fantasies on schizo- F.- phrenic psychopathology. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 8 (3), 532-47. aderchandising. Dec. 1983, p. 42. Stimutech (E. Lansing, Michi- w gan) launches Expando-Vision, a device that delivers sublimi- 0) (L nal messages via computer. glerikle, P. M. Mar. 1982. Unconscious perception revisited. Perm ception and Psycbophysics, 31 (3), 298-301. eyers, H. G. Feb. 1982. The effects of a double bind induced by conflicting visual and auditory subliminal stimuli. Dissertation Abstracts International, 42 (8-B), 3432. ;Vitchell, M. S. June 1985. The effects of subliminally presented 0 praise and reprobation stimuli on willingness to self-disclose. 0 Dissertation Abstracts International, 45 (12-B), 3986. f4fofield, J. P. Mar. 1986. Response of blood pressure to relaxation a) and subliminal suggestion. Dissertation Abstracts Interna- 0) M tional, 46 (9-A), 2632. 11olfese, D. Nov. 1985. When is a word a word? Psychology W Today. 81oore, T. E. July 1985. Subliminal delusion. Psychology Today, LL 19 (2), 10. T. E. Spring 1982. Subliminal advertising: What you see is > what you get. journal of Marketing, 46 (2), 38-47. Ropiarty, J. B. 1968. Cognitive functioning of schizophrenics as CL affected by aggressive stimuli subliminally and supraliminally 4 presented. Dissertation Abstracts International, 29 (2-B), 775. Morgan, P., and Morgan, D - L t 1988. Subliminal Pxsearch: Birlnli- ography and Review. Center for Independent Research, Clarion Univ. RECOMMENDED READINGS Moroney, E., and Bross, M. Feb. 1984. Effect of subliminal visual material on an auditory signal detection task. Perceptua 6and Motor Skills, 58 (1), 103-13. IL Morrison, A. P. 1982. Reflections on "unconscious or'~~- ss i&ie fantasies." International Forum for Psychoanalysis, ?, (2), 167-80. C1 Morse, R. C., and Stoller, D. Sept. 1982. The hidden messacthat breaks habits. Science Digest, 90 (1), 28. Mullins, W. W. Apr. 1978. convexity theorem for subthr&old stimuli in linear models of visual contrast detection. Jout*l Of the optical Society of America, 68 (4), 456-59. Murch, G. M. 1967. Aftereffects of subliminal stimulation as 26unc- tion of the delay between stimulus presentation and react%n to it. Zeitscbrift Ffir Experimentelle und Angewandte P ol- ogie, 1 (3), 463-73. 13 Murch, G. M. 1967. Temporal gradients of responses to suMimi- nal stimuli. Psychological Record, 17 (4), 483-91. Murch, G. M. 1965. A set of conditions for a consistent red0very of a subliminal stimulus. Journal ofApplied Psychology (U. S 49 (4), 257-60. Mykel, N. B. Feb. 1977. Emergence of unreported stimuf8 into imagery as a function of laterality of presentation. Disseri9tion 0 Abstracts International, 37 (8-B), 4156. Lnrefhrted Mykel, N., and Daves, W. F. May 1979. Emergence of u stimuli into imagery as a function of laterality of presentation: A replication and extension of research by Henley and lixon (1974). BritishJournal of Psychology, 70 (2), 253-58. 0 Nelson, J. Messages hidden in music are being widely used t4Tcom- bat shoplifting-and much more. National Enquirer 25 0 ' ;~4ing' News release. Oct. 1984, pp. 1-4. Controversial 'brain (D and self-hypnosis software release to public. > Nicholson, H. E. Mar. 1980. The effect of contradictory suplimi nal stimuli and sensitization thereto upon viewers' percttion of videotaped testimony. Dissertation Abstracts ItWrna- tional, 40 (9-A), 4802. Nissenfeld, S. M. Jan. 1980. The effects of four tapes of subliminal stimuli on female depressives. Dissertation Abstracts Interna- tional, 40 (7-B), 3412-13. 118 1 119 &JBLIMtNAL COMMUNICATION Novomeysky, A. Mar. 1984. On the possible effect of an experimenter's subliminal or telepathic influence on dermo-optic 9 sensitivity. PSI Research, 3 (1), 8-15. P'Grady, M. June 1977. Effect of subliminal pictorial stimulation o on skin resistance. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 44 (3), 1051-56. 511son, M. C. Mar. 1975. Subliminal messages in advertising. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Conference on English Education (13th, Colorado Springs, Colo., Mar. 20-22, 1975). Ostrander, S., and Schroeder, L. 1985. Subliminal Report. New 0 York- Superlearning. *trander, S., and Schroeder, L. 1980. Superlearning. New York: m Delta. Ustrander, S., and Schroeder, L. 1970. Psychic Discoveries Behind 9 the Iron Curtain. Englewood Cliffs, NJ.: Prentice-Hall, Inc. AutPut. Jan. 1981, pp. 36-38. Experiments in subliminal commu- 0- nication continue. . &erbeeke, C. J. Feb. 1986. Changing the perception of behav- ioral properties by subliminal presentation. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 62 (1), 255-58. Packard, V. 1957. Hidden Persuaders. New York: Affiliated Pub- lishers. &Fckard, V. Feb. 1981. The new (and still' hidden) persuaders. 2:1 Reader's Digest, 118 (4), 120. ~cker, S. B. July 1984. The effect of subliminally stimulating fan- Q tasies aimed at gratifying symbiotic and sanctioning aggressive C*4 Q)strivings on assertiveness difficulties in women. Dissertation O)Abstracts International, 459 (1-B), 361. W &jurkova-Flanneryj E. M. Oct. 1979. Subliminal perception in the O)context of functional hemispheric asymmetries. Dissertation W L.Abstracts International, 40 (4-B), 1870. Lqlmatier, J. R. Jan. 1981. The effects of subliminal stimulation Vof symbiotic fantasies on the behavior therapy treatment of Wsmoking. Dissertation Abstracts International, 41 (7-11)~ > 02774-75. Itilmatier, J. R., and Bronstein, P. H . Dec. 1980. Effects of sublim- Oinal stimulation of symbiotic merging fantasies on behavioral treatment of smokers. Journal of Mental and Nervous Disor- d M__ i68 (121, ir--20. Palumbo, R., and Gillman, 1. Dec. 1984. Effects of subliminal acti- vation of Oedipal fantasies on competitive performance: A rep- 120 REcommmm) READINGS lication and extension. Journal of Mental and Nervous Disor- ders, 172 (12), 737-41. 0 Parker, K. A. Jan. 1982. Effects of subliminal symbiotic stirfkAla- tion on academic performance: Further evidence onghe adaptation-enhancing effects of oneness fantasies. JournQ of Counseling Psychology, 29 (1), 19-28. CID Parker, K. A. June 1978. The effects of subliminal merging stisaii on the academic performance of college students. Disser tagon Abstracts International, 38 (12-B), 6168. Pfanner, D. A. May 1983. Sensitivity to subliminal stimulaWn- An investigation of subject variables and conditions affeOng psychodynamic and derivative recovery response. Dissertd8on Abstracts International, 43 (11-B), 3739. 9 Philpott, A., and Wilding, J. Nov. 1979. Semantic interference Im subliminal stimuli in a dichoptic viewing situation. BritishJc_wr- nal of Psychology, 70 (4), 559-63. a Powell, R. C. Apr. 1979. The "subliminal" versus the "sub n- scious" in the American acceptance of psychoana is' 1906-1910. journal Histo?y Behavioral Science, 15 (2), 15 11 5-.5. Providence Journal. 18 Feb. 1986, Sec B, p. 1. Enter a quiet voice against shoplifting. Pushkash, M. June 1981. Effect of the content of visual preseged subliminal stimulation on semantic and figural learning taskim-r- formance. Dissertation Abstracts International, 41 (12-A), 5&- Rao, P. K., and Rao, K. R. Sept. 1982. Two studies of ESPc1nd subliminal perception. Journal of Parapsychology, 46 285-207. W Rees, W. J. Nov. 1971. On the terms "subliminal perception"-end subception." British Journal of Psychology, 62 (4), 501 -Q~- Richardson, M. V. Dec. 1981. The effects of subliminal implaolka- tion in written material on the decision-making process. YWs- sertation Abstracts International, 42 (6-A), 2592. Robertson, S. R. May 1983. ""he effect oil subliminal rinergirig s L uli on field dependence. Dissertation Abstracts Internatioti IN I 43 (II-B), 3741. CL Romberg, L. 1975. Workings of Your Mind. Burlington, OntAo: Audio Cybernetics. Roney-Dougal, S. July-Aug. 1981. The interface between psi and subliminal perception. Parapsychology fievietv, 12 (4), 12-18. Rose, C. 1985. Accelerated Learning. Great Britain. 121 SUBLIMINAL COMMUNICATION Ross, D. L. Dec. 1978. The effects of subliminal oedipal stimula tion on competitive performance in college men. Dissertation 9 Abstracts International, 39 (6-B), 3005. &ufs, J.A., and Pellegrino Van Stuyvenberg, J.A. 1976. Gain curve Q Q of the eye to subliminal sinusoidal modulation. 1P0 Annual 0) Progress RePort, 11, 56-63. M Qudolph, J. R. Oct. 1970. Selective subliminal perception relative (D LO to approach/avoidance tendencies. Dissertation Abstracts Inter- Q Q national, 31 (4-A), 1695. %izumna, J. S. 1969. The effect of cognitive control on respon- 0:_ 64 siveness to subliminal stimulation in social situations. Disserta- [a.) tion Abstracts International, 30 (1-B), 373-74. &ckeim, H. A., and Packer, G. Dec. 1977. Hemisphericity, cogni- tive set, and susceptibility to subliminal perception. Journal of Abnormal PsychologV, 86 (6), 624-30. 6eg6rt, J. Feb. 1979. Another look at subliminal perception. 105journal of Advertising Research, 19 (1), 55-57. ~Whmeidler, G. 1986. Subliminal perception and ESP: Order in diversity? The Journal of the American Society of Psychical Research,.80 (3). ;c'hmidt, J. M. Nov. 1981. The effects of subliminally present 00 anaclitic and introjective stimuli on normal young adults. Dis- Q Q sertation Abstracts International, 42 (5-B), 2081. 6thurtman, R.; Palmatier, J. R.; and Martin, E. S. Oct. 1982. on Q C*4 the activation of symbiotic gratification fantasies as an aid in (D the treatment of alcoholics. International Journal of Addic- U) co tion, 17 (7), 1157-74. hwartz, M., and Rem, M. A. July 1975. Does the averaged evoked W response encode subliminal perception? Psycbophysiology, 12 (4), 390-94. &vrin, H. July 1975. Does the average evoked response encode -a subliminal perception? Yes. A reply to Schwartz and Rem. Psy choloXv 12 (4).,395-98. Sevrin, H. 19~j. Brain wave correlates of subliminal stimulation, CLunconscious attention, primary- and secondary-process think- CL < ing, and repressiveness. Psychological Issues, 8 (2), Mono. 30) 56-87. Shievrin, III., and Dickman, S. May 1980. The psychological uncon- scious: A necessary assumption for all psychological theory? American Psychologist, 35 (5), 421-34. 122 RECOMMENDED READINGS Shevrin, H.; Smith, W. H.; Fitzler, D. E. Mar. 1971. Average evoked response and verbal correlates of unconscious mental procews. PsychopbysiologV, 8 (2), 149-62. -IL Shevrin, H.; Smith, W. H.; and Fritzler, D. E. 1970. Sublimirf:hy It5 stimulated brain and verbal responses of twins differing in retas- siveness. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 76 (1), 39-46. M Q Shevrin, H.; Smith, W. H.; and Hoobler, R. 1970. Direct meascre- LO ment of unconscious mental process: Average evoked resp(ose and free association correlates of subliminal stimulation. &Y_ chological Association, 5 (Pt. 2), 543-44. C*4 Shevrin, H.; Smith, W. H.; and Fritzler, D. E. 1969. Represstre- ness as a factor in the subliminal activation of brain and v4al responses. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 14923), 2261-69. a) Shevrin, H., and Fritzler, D. E. 1968. Visual evoked response &r- relates of unconscious mental processes. Science, 161 (3EW), 295-98. Shevrin, H., and Fisher, C. 1967. Changes in the effects of atzkk- ing subliminal stimulus as a function of dreaming and nondr6ftn- ing sleep. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 72 (4), 362-61Tt,- Shiffen, 1. W. Apr. 1982. The interaction between hemispigic preference and the perception of subliminal auditory and vCWal symbiotic gratification stimuli. Dissertation Abstracts Inte&a- C*4 tional, 42 (10-B), 4211,12. Silverman, L. H. Nov. 1985. Comments on three recent sublinmial r). journ psychodynamic activation investigations (lette aT of Abnormal Psychology, 94 (4), 640-48. Silverman, L. H. 1985. Research on psychoanalytic psychodyna-mic propositions. Special Issue: Current thinking in psychoanalo'is. Clinical Psychology Review, 5 (3), 247-57. Silverman, L. H. 1980. A comprehensive report of studies Ing the subliminal psychodynamic activation method. Psycbo~gi- cal Research Bulletin, Lund Univ., 20 (3), 22. CL CL Silverman, L. H. 1980a. Is subliminal psychodynamic activ4on in trouble? Journal of Abnormal Psychology. Silverman, L. H. 1980b. A comprehensive report of studies using the subliminal psychodynamic activation method. Psycbologi- cal Research Bulletin, 2 (3). 123 SUBLIMINAL COMMUNICATION Silverman, L. H. Apr. 1979. The unconscious fantasy as therapeu- Q tic agent in psychoanalytic treatment. Journal ofAmerican Aca- ,I demic Psychoanalysis, 7 (2), 189-218. Olverman, L. H. 1979. Two unconscious fantasies as mediators of Q CD successful psychotherapy. Psychotherapy. Theory and Prac- 0) tice, 16, 215-230. M Siverman, L. H. 1978. Further comments on matters relevant to Lo investigations of subliminal phenomena: A reply. Perceptual and Q Q Motor Skills, 27 (3), 1343-50. MIverman, L. H. Sept. 1976. Psychoanalytic theory: "The reports & C*4 of my death are greatly exaggerated." American Psychologist, a) 31 (9), 621-37. Werman, L. H. 1975. On the role of laboratory experiments in c6 the development of the clinical theory of psychoanalysis: Data a) on the subliminal activation of aggressive and merging wishes IL 0 in schizophrenics. International Review of Psycho-Analysis, 2 105(l), 43-64. gaverman, L. H. Dec. 1975. An experimental method for the study of unconscious conflict: A progressive report. British journal of Medical Psychology, 8 (4), 291-98. ~Hmverman, L. H. 1972. Drive stimulation and psychopathology: 00 On the conditions under which drive-related external events Q Q evoke pathological reactions. Psychoanalysis and Contempo- Q rary Science, 1, 306-26. Q Rilverman, L. H. Mar.. 1971. An experimental technique for the (D study of unconscious conflict. British Journal of Medical Psy- U) M chology, 44 (1), 17-25. Overman, L. H. Jan. 1970. Further experimental studies of dynamic W propositions in psychoanalysis: On the function and meaning " of regressive thinking. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic 0 LLAssociation, 18 (1), 102-24. S31verman, L. H. Apr. 1966. A technique for the study of a) >pSvehodyna-mic rellationshilPS: the effiects of sublirmftn~ll 0 .1 . y pre- I- sented aggressive stimuli on the production of pathological think- 51ing in a schizophrenic population. Journal of Consulting Psy- CL everman, L. H., and Goldweber, A. M. 1966. A further study of -0-the effects of subliminal aggressive stimulation on thinking. CL Somekh, D. E., and Wilding, J. M. Aug. 1973. Perception withwt awareness in a dichoptic viewing situation. Britisbjournatw-f CL Psychology, 64 (3), 339-49. < Sommer, L. Mar. 1986. The effects of subliminal psychodynamic activation on verbal time estimation. Dissertation Abstracts International, 46 (9-B), 3231. Spence, D. P. 1983. Subliminal effects on lexical decision time. Archiv ffir Psychologie, 135 (1), 67-72. 127 SUBLIMINAL COMMUNICATION Spence, D. P. 1967. Subliminal perception and perceptual defense: (:) 2 sides of a single problem. Behavioral Science, 12 (3), 183-93. v4pence, D. P. and Smith, G. J. Aug. 1977. Experimenter bias against Q CD subliminal perception? Comments on a replication. Britishjour- Q nal of Psychology, 68 (3), 279-80. a) 2piro, T. W. May 1976. The effects of subliminal symbiotic stim- 5 ulation and strengthening self boundaries of schizophrenic pathol- LO Q ogy. Dissertation Abstracts International, 36 (11 -B), 5818-19. Otambrook, M., and Martin, D. G. 1983. Brain laterality and the W subliminal perception of facial expression. Internationaljour- C*4 a) nal Neuroscience, 18 (1-2), 45-58. ~teinberg, R. J. Oct. 1975. The effects of subliminal mother- need 9 tachistoscopic stimulation on the ego pathology of hospitalized W male schizophrenics. Dissertation Abstracts International, 36 a) a- (4-B), 1934. Ttrauch, I., et al. 1976. The impact of meaningful auditory signals on sleeping behavior. Archivftir Psycbologie, 128 (1-2), 75-95. i trauss, H. 1968. A phenomenological approach to the subcon- 0 scious. Nordisk Psykologi, 20 (4), 203-6. 1~tross, L., and Shevrin, H. Jan. 1969. Hypnosis as a method for 1Z investigating unconscious thought processes. A review of 00 cD research. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Assoc (U.S.), Q 17 (1), 100-135. Stross, L., and Shervin, H. 1968. Thought organization in hypno- C*4 sis and the waking state. Journal of Nervous and Mental Dis-. a) u) ease, 147 (3), 272-88. %utphen, D. 1982. Battle for Your Mind (Transcript from speech 75 delivered to World Congress of Hypnotists). Malibu, Calif.: Val- W ley of the Sun Publishing. bwanson, R. J. May 1981. The effects of oedipally related stimuli U- in the subliminal psychodynamic activation paradigm: A repli- 13 (D cation and an extension. Dissertation Abstracts International, > 4,,, ('1 I-B), 4279. Rags, L. J. Nov. 1970. Subliminal perception: An experimental a study to determine whether a science concept can be taught subliminally to fourth grade pupils. Dissertation Abstracts International, 31 (5-A), 2199. Taylor, E. 1988. Subliminal Learning. An Eclectic Approach. Salt Lake City: just Another Reality Publishing. Taylor, E. 1987. Subliminal Technology. Salt Lake City: PAR, Inc. RECOMMENDED READINGS Taylor, E. July 1986. Holistic approach to hypnosis. Attain. Spring field, Louisiana. Q Thuerer, J. R. Apr. 1985 Computer-assisted spelling: A subli4al methodology to increase cognitive performance and acad~hic self-concept. Dissertation Abstract International, 45 (1"3~1, W), 3074. Q Tomlinson, K. Jan. 1983. just snore that weight off. Los AnW2es, 28(2),206. Q Trank, D. M. 1976. Subliminal Stimulation: Hoax or Reality? `dy I,& prepared at Univ. of Iowa. C*4 Trieber, E. J. Aug. 1984. The effects of supraliminal stimulj%on combined with subliminal symbiotic stimuli on academicoer- formance. Dissertation Abstracts International, 45 (2c6B), 688-89. a) a- Trimble, R., and Eriksen, C. W. 1966. "Subliminal cues" anqtrhe Muller-type illusion. Perception and Psychophysics, I ql), 401-4. < Tripe, B. Validity in subliminal messages? Professionals terO to disagree. United Press international. Ir- Tyrer, P.; Lewis, P.; and Lee, 1. Feb. 1978. Effects of sublin0nal and supraliminal stress on symptoms of anxiety. Journal oj'ger- vous and Mental Disease, 166 (2), 88-95. Q Tyrer, P.; Horn, S.; and Lee, 1. Feb. 1978. Treatment of agor~&O_ bia by subliminal and supraliminal exposure to phobiccine fHm. a) Lancet, 1 (8060), 358-60. U) Ungaro, R. Apr. 1982. The role of ego strength and alternfve subliminal messages in behavioral treatment of obesity. Dfg-er- tation Abstracts International, 42 (10-B), 4215-16. W Valind, B., and Valind, L. 1968. Effects of subliminal stimulald-on U_ on homographs. Psychological Research Bulletin, 88, 89. VandenBoogert, C. 1984. A study of potentials unlimited su 13 inal persuasion/self-hypnosis tapes. Potentials Unlimited, ic., Grand Rapids, Michigan. CL Varga, M. P. Feb. 1974. An experimental study of aspects oQhe psychoanalytic theory of elation. Dissertation Abstracts Inter- national, 34 (8-B), 4062-63- VideoNeivs. 22 July 1983, pp. 4-5. Environmental video has intro- duced a subliminal persuasion videocassette that superimposes low-level video messages on cassette tapes. 128 1?q SUBLIMINAL COMMUNICATION Walker, A. Dec. 1979. Music and the unconscious. British Medi- 9 calJournal, 2 (6205), 1641-43. Niall StreetJournal. 3 Star, Eastern (Princeton, NJ.) Edition, Sept. CD 30, 1983, P. 33. Sitnutech has introduced a device to change Q M behavior by subliminal suggestion. &Vatson, G. B. 1970. Motor response latency as an indicator of Q LO subliminal affective stimulation. Journal of General Psychol- Q ogy, 82 (2), 139-43. Qatson, J. P. Dec. 1975. An experimental method for the study of ff, c.4 unconscious conflict. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 4M 49 (4), 299-301. CWechsler, R. Feb. 1987. A new prescription: Mind over malady. Q ,Discover Magazine. test, G. N. July 1985. The effects of auditory subliminal psychodynamic activation on state anxiety. Dissertation W Abstracts International, 46 (1-B), 319. AVesterlundh, B. 1985. Subliminal influence on imagery: Two exploratory experiments. Psychological Research Bulletin, Lund Univ., 24 (6-7), 31. :~Vhalen, B. Mar. 1985. 'Threshold messaging' touted as antitheft 00 measure. Marketing News, 19 (6), 5-6. Whittaker, R. 1975. Subliminal perception: Myth or magic? Edu- Q Q cational Broadcasting, 8 (6), 17-22. Anener, M., and Kleespies, P. Dec. 1968. Some comments and a) data on partial cue controversy and other matters relevant to U) Minvestigations of subliminal phenomena: A rejoinder. Percep- 2tual and Motor Skills (U. S.), 27 (3), 847-56. killiams, L. J., and Evans, J. R. Feb. 1980. Evidence for percep tual defense using a lexical decision task. Perceptual Motor Lo Skills, 50 (1), 195-98. L -87innett, R. L. Dec. 1981. The comparative effects of literal meta- phorical subliminal stimulation on the activation of oedipal fan- 0tasies in dart-throwing performance and word recall tasks. Dis- CL sertation Abstracts International, 42 (6-B), 2557. kvlman, B. B., ed. 1973. Handbook of General Psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ.: Prentice-Hall. Worthingto A I-1 T-"~ 10.' d' . Genemlization -1, nomena assod n, ated with previous pairings of UCS (shock) and subliminal visual stimuli. Journal of Personal Social Psychology (U.S.), 3 (6), 634. RECOMMENDED READINGS Worthington, A. G., and Dixon, N. F. 1968. Subthreshold percep- tion of stimulus meaning. Atnericanjournal of Psychology .5-1 4~~ (3), 453-56. Q Zanot, E. J.; Pincus, J. D.; and Lamp, E. J. 1983. Public perap tions of subliminal advertising. Journal of Advertising, 12 39-45. Q 0 Zanot, E. J., and Maddox, L. M. July 1983. Subliminal advertiwg and education. Paper presented at the Annual meeting of&e Association for Education in journalism (65th, Athens, 01- Er, July 25-28, 1982). C*4 Zenhausern, R.; Pompo, C.; and Ciaiola, M. Apr. 1974. Si4le and complex reaction time as a function of subliminal &d supraliminal accessory stimulation. Perceptual and MW Skills (U. S.), 38 (2), 417-18. a) Zenhausern, R., and Hansen, K. Apr. 1974. Differential effec&f subliminal and supraliminal accessory stimulation on task cOfn- ponents in problem-solving. Perceptual and Motor Sll~is (U. S.), 39 (2), 375. 6 Zenhausern, R.; Ciaiola, M.; and Pompo, C. Aug. 1973. Sublimi- nal and supraliminal accessory stimulation and two trapeZid illusions. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 37 (19), 251-56. 80 Zingirian, M.; Molfino, A.; Levialdi, S.; and Trillo, M. 1971. Mo Q c ular and binocular responses to liminal and subliminal stinvDli. Q 0 hthalmologica (Switzerland), 162 (1), 41-50. C*4 P Zuckerman, S. G. June 1981. An experimental study of un&r- U) achievement: The effects of subliminal merging and succas- related stimuli on the academic performance of bright un&r- a) achieving high school students. Dissertation Abstrigas International, 41 (12-B), 4699-4700. Zwosta, M. F., and Zenhausern, R. June 1969. Application ofLllg- nal detection theory to subliminal and supraliminal accessory stimulation. Perceptual and Motor Skills (U. S.), 28 (3)~ 69910. 0 CL CL < lin