l#ffffVArFjffj R~~We 2000/08/08: CIA-RDP96-00789ROO31002WI6?-07-406-010 Authors: Edwin C. May, Ph.D., Wanda L. W Luke, and Nevin D. Lantz, Ph.D. 30 November 1992 Ma ff- UN SckmeAiVlicafionsinternatimaIC-orporation An Employee-Owned Company Presented to: U. S. Government Contract MDA908 - 91 - C - 0037 (Client Private) Submitted by: Science Applications International Corporation Cognitive Sciences Laboratory 10 10 El Camino Real, Suite 330, P.O. Box 1412, Menlo Park, CA 94025 & (415) 325-8292 1662106rdf2faloAfto, Seattle, Tucson Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 Phenomenological Research and Analyhsls: Interim Report TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OFFIGURES ............................................ LIST OF TABLES .......................................... *****-*------'- I OBJECTIVE .............................................. - I .............. 1 11 INTRODUCTION .......................................................... 2 IIIPROGRESS TO DATE ....................................................... 3 6.1 Basic Research ........................... - - .......... - - , ............ 3 6.2 Data Patterns/Correlations................................................ 4 6.3 Applied Research .................. ............................. ........ 4 6.4 Theoretical Issues................................................ .. ~ ...... 9 6,5 Research Methodology................................................ ... 9 IV BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................... 12 V GLOSSARY ............................................................... 16 APPENDIX ................................................... _ ......... ..... 17 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 I Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 Phenomenological Research and Analyhsis: Interim Report LIST OF FIGURES 1. Response threshold (1.196) for target pack 1, coding bit 3.............................. 8 2. A two-by-five bit, error correcting block code . ....................................... 9 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 H AWSRXr%jk0qQeca19ffe 22r) '08'88 CIIA 9t6 07A9R003100230001-2 89PIn j es C% an A: a yt~ sq 0 a n r7m eport LIST OF TABLES 1. Visual memabership values for target pack 1. ........................................6 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 iii Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 Phenomenological Research and Analysis: Interim Report 1. OBJECTIVE The objective of this document is to provide an interim technical report on tasks 6.2, "Basic Research," 6.3, "Applied Research," and 6.4, "Research Methodology," as listed in the 1991 Statement of Work. This report covers the time period from 23 July to 30 November 1992, and includes all subtasks.- * This report constitutes the fifth and sixth deliverable DI-MISC-80508 under contract number MDA908-91-CM37. Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 Phenomenological Research and Analysis: Interim Report 11. INTRODUCTION Under Statement of Work items 6.2, 6.3, and 6.4 in contract MDA908-91-C-0037, the Cognitive Sciences Laboratory of Science Appfications International Corporation is tasked to conduct phenomenological re- search and analysis. This document details the activity accomphshed under these items and constitutes the interim report covering the period from 23 July to 30 November 1992. Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 2 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 Phenomenological Research and Analysis: Interim Report Ill. PROGRESS TO DATE This section describes the progress to date for each of the subtasks, listed under items 6.2, 6.3, and 6.4 (basic research, applied research, and research methodology, respectively). The section numbering corresponds to the numbering in the Statement of Work. 6.1 Basic Research 6.1.1 Biophysical Measurements 6.1.1.1 MEG and EEG Correlates We have identified a considerable literature that describes the correlation between MEG and EEG measurements. Since each of these techniques measure different aspects of brain activity, we would expect correlations of some types of measurements and not for other types. Currently, a neuroscientist on our staff is examining the pertinent literature and formulating a comparison for our specific types of MEG/EEG measurements. 6.1.1.2 MEG Data Analysis We are examining over 800 megabytes of brainwave data from two different analytical perspectives. (1) Uaditional Event-Related Desynchronization (ERD). A brain indicates that it is inattentive by the production of alpha waves. It is well-known that the brain can be aroused by motor action (e.g., moving a body part such as a finger), cognitive process (e.g., mentally reviewing a word list), and responding to an external stimulus (e.g., direct light flash). One of the brain's indicators of arousal from these activities is called ERD (i.e., alpha power either vanishes or is sharply reduced). Thus, if we can assure ourselves that the stimuli that we used in the MEG experiment constituted a AC stimulus, it would be likely that they also would show an ERD. To search for ERDs in the previous data, we filtered each 2-minute run for alpha activity (i.e., 7-13Hz). As is published in the general ERD literature, we computed the power by squaring each sample point. We performed an ensemble average for 500 milliseconds of prestimulus time and for 1,500 milliseconds of poststimulus period. We are currently examining a variety of normalization techniques so that we will be able to combine the data from run-to-run and across blocks. A combination across blocks of data will allow a very sensitive determination of Whether ERDs are seen in the previous data. (2) Wavelet Tkansform. In a recent article, Schiff demonstrated the use of wavelet mathematics to identify transients in non-stationary time series data.* This technique appears to be straight-for- ward, and we are currently adapting it to our MEG data. Steven. J. Schiff, "ResolvingTime-Series Structure with a Controlled WaveletlVansform," OplicalEngineering, Vol. 3 1, No. 11, pp. 2492-2495 (November 1992). Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 3 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 Phenomenological Research and Analysis: Interim Report 6.2 Data Pafterns/Correlatlons 6.2.1 Sender/No Sander Analysis We are very sad to report the recent death of Mr. Charles Honorton of the Psychophysical Research Laboratories (PRL). Through the PRL, Mr. Honorton had been subcontracted to co nduct a detailed analysis of sender/no sender issues. This analysis was to include statistical evaluation methods and a discussion of the implications regarding target-individual matches. Mr. Honorton was an invaluable contributor to the field of anomalous mental phenomena research and wfll be greatly missed. At the time of his death, we were working closely with Mr. Honorton in the analysis of the Ganzfeld data; however, he had not conducted any experimental activity on his subcontract. We are currently discussing the possibility that Dr. Robert Morris of the psychology department at University of Edin- burgh will assume the tasks under a separate subcontract. 6.2.2 MEG and EEG Correlates with Anomalous Cognition We have conduced a detailed literature search for MEG and/or EEG correlates with anomalous mental phenomena, and identified 53 relevant papers, which can be found in the bibliography in Section IV. We are currently examining these papers to provide a mini-meta-analysis on the topic area. 6.3 Applied Research 6.3.1 Long Distance Experiment The ob9ective of this experiment is to adapt a standard anomalous cognition (AC) experiment to a forced-choice situation. An additional objective is to incorporate fuzzy set technology into a "crisp," two-by-five, error correcting block code to improve. AC detection. 6.3.1.1 Background In the Spring of 1992, SAIC conducted a pilot experiment that was designed to explore the potential for maximizing the reliability of AC responses through objective and rapid analysis. In this study, we re- verted to using a dichotomous binary procedure as opposed to a fuzzy set technique. By carefully select- ing the dichotomous elements, we could use standard block coding techniques to incorporate complete single-error correction and a few two-fold error corrections as well. We used a message sending motif as a test-bed for this kind of analysis. Unfortunately, only one receiver demonstrated an effect size larger than 0.20 (i.e., 0.22) for evidence of AC and no evidence of enhanced detection was seen. One of the primary problems, which may have contributed to this result, was the nature of the target pool. In an attempt to make the targets dichotomous within packs and at the same time inherently in- teresting, targets within the pool ranged in scale from a panoramic scene of a cityscape to a photograph of three chairs and thus possessed a large variety of potential target elements. Since receivers were told in advance that the targets could contain absolutely any material, they were unable to censor their inter- nal experiences, which may have resulted in enhanced intrinsic receiver noise. We define such a target pool as possessing a large target-pool bandwidth. Another problem was that each encoding bit in the block code was linked to only one percept (e.g., the single target element of water). This exaggerated the importance of the chosen dichotomous elements. For example, if a receiver failed to sense water in the target but managed to sense most other aspects of Approved For Release 2000/08/08: CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 4 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 Phenomenological Research and Analysis: Interim Report the target regardless of whether they were part of the bit structure, then the block code was not particu- larly applicable. In an AC application, a fundamental imbalance exists in this type of bit structure. 'Me block coding assumes that binary zero is "assertive." For example, when water is not indicated in the response, it is equivalent to indicating that water is definitely not in the target. Unfortunately, it is possible or even likely that unless a receiver specifies explicitly that water is not present, then the presence or absence is indeterminate. The net effect is to render this type of discrete block coding invalid for AC applications. Th achieve our second objective (i.e., improved coding procedures), our new experimental protocol at- tempts to correct the problems discussed above, so that potential enhancement of the detection of AC may be optimized. The following modifications have been made. ~ We used the National Geographic static target pool, which has been successful for many AC experi- ments in the past. This pool appears to include enough basic elements to keep a receiver from gues- sing, yet allow for some internal self editing to decrease the receiver intrinsic noise (i.e., intermediate target-pool bandwidth). ~ The sensitivity to discrete block coding has been reduced by using a number of fuzzy-set elements to define each block coding bit. Thus, each bit will not rely upon a single percept, but rather represent classes of different percepts. We anticipate that these improvements will allow for a much improved detection of AC, and provide a more sensitive test of whether error-correction can be successfully applied to AC detection. Tb achieve our primary objective (i.e., apply AC techniques to a forced-choice circumstance), we used an associative anomalous cognition (AAC) procedure. In this technique, AC targets are assigned one each to a limited set of alternatives. For example, in message sending each of four possible messages are assigned to a different National Geographic magazine photograph. In principle, a receiver provides his/ her impressions as in a standard AC trial, and if an on-site analyst, who is blind to the target choice, is able to correctly match the response to the intended target, then the message, which was previously associated with that photograph is "received" correctly. 6.3.1.2 Target Construction To accommodate the error correcting portion of the protocol, we assigned each of the block coding bits to five individual fuzzy set descriptors. These descriptors were developed under another program, but are included here in the Appendix. Each target in the National Geographic pool had been consensus encoded with regard to each descriptor's visual importance to the scene. For example, the element wa- terfall would most likely be coded as a numerical value of one in a close-up photograph of Yellowstone Falls, whereas it might only receive 0.2 for a distant view of Yosemite Falls. These assignments are called membership values in fuzzy set parlance. A collect of membership values for a photograph constitute the fuzzy set representation of the visual content of the scene. Since the error-correction code that we are using requires us to construct the following four binary num- bers: 00000, 01110, 10101, and 1,1011 (see Figure 2, on page 9), we identified five sets of descriptors for each bit position in the block code word. Each target pack of four photographs possessed their own unique set of 25 descriptors. Consulting the historical fuzzy set target database, we summed the membership values for the descrip- tors for each bit position in each of the 20 target packs. Let the sum of the membership values for a given Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 5 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 Phenomenological Research and Analysis: Interim Report bitpositionbeZ. By inspection, we determined a threshold of 1.5 such that if X ~!! 1.5, then the bit was defined as one. If Z < 1.5 then the bit was defined as zero. We illustrate the technique for target pack one. Uble I shows the fuzzy set descriptors and the result of the threshold analysis for the four targets in a pack. For example, target three corresponds to the binary number 10101 (i.e., the shaded cells in Tible 1). That is, the sum of the membership values exceed the threshold for bit positions zero, two, and four. Table 1. Visual membership values for target pack 1. Visual Membership Value Block Bit Descriptor1hrgetTkrgetMirgetTarget Position I 2 3 4 Wilderness0.3 1.0 0.5 Urban 0.5 Hills 0.1 0.7 0.1 0 Rocky 0.3 0.5 Aligned 0.9 0.5 TOTAL- 0.3 1.0 2.0 2.1 BINARY: 0 0 Rise 0.1 0.7 0.8 Boundaries 0.7 0.6 Closed 0.3 0.2 0.3 Settlement 0.8 Vegetation 0.9 0.4 TOTAL: 0 2.8 0.9 2.1 BINARY: 0 1 1 Parallel 0.2 0.9 Lines Repeat 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.3 Motif Striated 0.1 0.6 0.4 0.4 2 Weathered 0.7 Grainy 0.3 0.7 0.1 TOTAL- 0.8 2.3 2.0 0.8 BINARY: 0 1 0 Agriculture 0.9 0.2 Rectangle 0.5 0.3 0.6 Buildings 0.5 0.6 0.7 3 Agricult. 0.9 0.2 Fields Fuzzy 0.5 0.3 TOTAL: 1.0 0 BINARY: i 0 1 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 6 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 Phenomenological Research and Analysis: Interim Report Table 1. (continued) Visual membership values for target pack 1. Visual Membership Value Block Bit DescriptorUrget Urget ThrgetUrget Position 1 2 3 4 Valley 0.5 0.1 Mountains 0.4 0.6 Diagonal 0.2 0.6 0.5 Lines 4 Vertical 0.2 0.1 0.4 Lines Horizontal0.3 0.9 0.3 0.2 Line = ziz~ TOTAL- 0.5 :~ 1.8 F 1.2 F~~ BINARY: 0 0 In this way, four targets were were assigned to the four binary numbers of the block coding scheme for the remaining 19 packs. 63.1.3 Thrget Selection For each trial in this experiment, a target pack was first selected randomly, and followed by a random selection of a target within the pack. 6.3.1.4 Receiver Selection Four receivers participated in this experiment. Each was selected on the basis of their significant results from previous AC experiments. All receivers conducted their AC sessions at sites designated by the client and with the aid of a monitor. 63.1.5 Number of lbals Three receivers will contribute a total of four trials each, and one will contribute eight. Thus, 20 trials will be collected for the experiment. 6.3.1.6 Tkial Protocol The following steps are performed for each trial: (1) A receiver and a monitor traveled to an east coast location,which was designated by the client. The monitor had a sealed package containing all of the targets from one target pack. (2) At a prearranged time, Menlo Park laboratory- personnel on the west coast randomly selected a target binary number (i.e., photograph) from the pack and placed it in a designated location. This target remained in the designated location for the duration of a trial. (3) For a period lasting no longer than 15 minutes, each receiver wrote and drew his/her impressions of the target. (4) The response was collected and secured by the monitor. (5) The monitor rank-ordered the four photographs from best to worst match to the response. (6) After reporting the rank-order values to the Menlo Park laboratory, the monitor obtained the cor- rect target and provided feedback to the receiver. Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 7 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 Phenomenological Research and Analysis: Interim Report 6.3.1.7 Analysis To test the AAC portion of the experiment, the number of first place matches from the rank ordering will be computed for each receiver as well as across all receivers. An exact binomial distribution will be used to compute effect sizes and associated p-values. To determine if the fuzzy set version of error correction is effective, we must define a response thresh- old, which is similar to the target threshold, that determines the value of the associated coding bit. Our first approach is to determine the threshold values from empirical data. We examined 160 responses from earlier experiments that used the same target set. Each response from this experiment had been coded using the fuzzy set elements shown in the Appendix. Different from the target coding, each mem- bership value now represented the analysts'belief that each element was indicated in the response. For example, if the response assertively mentioned water, then the water membership value would be 1.0. If the response, however, only showed lines that might be interpreted as waves and water was not men- tioned, then the membership value might be 0.6. This value indicates a 60% confidence factor that the response markings really means water. Figure 1 shows the distribution for the sum of fuzzy set elements that represent coding bit three from target pack one (i.e., see Thble 1). The distribution is computed from 160 responses across four differ- ent receivers. This curve represents the "natural" bias for the bit-3 elements in responses to the Nation- al Geographic target pool. Threshold-&. 0.2- Ll 0.0 .. ..... 0 2 3 4 Sum of Membership Values I Figurel. Response threshold (1.196) for target pack 1, coding bit 3. The threshold of 1.196 is the mean value of this distribution. For bit three to be coded as a one, the sum of the response membership values must equal or exceed this value. Otherwise bit three will be assigned a value of zero. In a similar fashion, a unique threshold value is computed for each bit for each target pack. Approved For Release 2000/D8/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 a Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 Phenomenological Research and Analysis: Interim Report In the fuzzy set analysis, each response is coded by an analyst who is blind to the target choice and un- aware of which elements are used to form the coding bits. Membership sums are then computed for each bit and a single 5-bit binary number, which represents the response, is constructed. Figure 2 shows the decoding matrix, which is specified by the block coding. 00000 01110 10101 11011 Targets 00001 01111 10100 11010 I 00010 01100 10111 11001 00100 01010 10001 11111 Single Error 01000 00110 11101 10011 Correction 10000 11110 00101 01011 00011 01101 10110 11000 Double Error 01001 00111 11100 10010 Correction L Figure 2. A two-by-five bit, error correcting block code. The analyst must then locate the 5-bit binary number from the fuzzy set analysis within the decoding matrix. The actual target binary number is the one represented by the 5-bit code that tops the column in which the encoded AC response is found. This matrix allows for correction for all single bit errors and a number of two bit errors within the AC response. As in the AAC case, the binomial distribution will be used to compute the effect sizes and related p-values for this approach. 6.3.1.8 Current Status Data has been collected for the first eight of 20 trials. The remaining trials are scheduled for the third week in December. Analysis of the first eight trials is in progress. 6.4 Theoretical Issues 6.4.1 Anomalous Perturbation This task has been deleted as per modification P00004. 6.4.2 INIodels We have identified approximately 30 articles from the physics literature that bear directly or are associated with a number of potential models of AC. The most promising approach at this time involves aspects of general relativity and quantum gravity. The associated papers are being studied to provide assistance for model construction. 6.5 Research Methodology 6.5.1 Committees We have received responses from three of the five members of the Scientific Oversight Committee on the previous year's work. Those comments are being addressed and will be included in the final report. Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 9 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 Phenomenological Research and Analysis: Interim Report SG1BO The Institutional Review Board did not meet during the reporting period; however, we obtained writ- ten permission for the use of humans in the experiment, which is described in Section 6.3. 1. Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 10 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 11 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 Phenomenological Research and Analysis: Interim Report SG1 B We?JM468R003100230001-2 IV. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Hughes, Dureen J., Melville, Norbert T., "Changes in Brainwave Activity During Tkance Channeling: A Pilot Study,"Joumalof Transpersonal Psychology, 1990, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 175-189. 2. Hartwell, J. 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Ailford, Danny K., "The Origin of Speech in a Deep Structure of PSI," Phoenix: Joumal of TranspersonalAnthropology, 1978 (Fall/Win.), Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 13 - 18, Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 15 jRpp"oWpftft"ewnffi&WMM44WMffi"01-6W03100230001-2 V GLOSSARY Not all the terms defined below are germane to this report, but they are included here for completeness. In a typical anomalous mental phenomena (AMP) task, we define: ~ Anomalous Coanition-A form of information transfer in which all known sensorial stimuli are ab- sent. That is, some individuals are able to gain access, by as yet an unknown process, to information that is not available to the known sensorial channels. ~ Receiver-An individual who attempts to perceive and report information about a target. ~ Agt,-=--An individual who attempts to influence a target system. ~ Dgrggt-An item that is the focus of an AMP task (e.g., person, place, thing, event). ~Thrget Designalian-A method by which a specific target, against the backdrop of all other possible targets, its identified to the receiver (e.g., geographical coordinates). ~ Sender/Beacoll-An individual who, while receiving direct sensorial stimuli from an intended target, acts as a putative transmitter to the receiver. ~Monito -An individual who monitors an AC session to facilitate data collection. ~ Sgj5j~M-A time period during which AC data are collected. ~Protoco -A template for conducting a structured data collection session. ~Responsc,-Material that is produced during an AC session in response to the intended target. ~Feedback-After a response has been secured, information about the intended target is displayed to the receiver. ~ Anjay-st--An individual who provides a quantitative measure of AC. ~ 5VgDiaUjy-A given receiver's ability to be particularly successful with a given class of targets (e.g., people as opposed to buildings). Approved For Release 2000108/08: CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 16 KOWMWMO~ClRoldbmgMdWftafy-M~of4RWOrAQ908fiOO3100230001-2 APPENDIX Fuzzy Set Coding Forms Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100230001-2 17 > 0 M CL -n 0 M M ID W M 00 00 0 > 4 00 CONCRETE DIESC"fRIPTOR LEEVEELS 1 Experiment: Trial: Response: Coder: Viewer: LEVEL SINGLE STRUCTURES SUBSTRUCTURES fort 2 casti 8 3 palace 10 4 church (other religious buildings, monastery) 5 mosque 6 pagoda coliseum (stadium, 7 amphitheater, arena) 10 boats (barges) a bridge 11 pier 0 [dam (lock, spillway)] atty) (motorized vehicles 12 (cars, trucks, trains)] 13 column 14 spire (minaret, tower) is tountain 16 fence 17 arch 18 wall (e.g., the Great Wall) 19 monument 20 roads > 0 M CL -n 0 M 2) M M Q 00 00 Page 1 Z 06ed c0 co 0 LL 'o 4) > 0- CL [uolssaidap jeln6ei 'adet4s ' -Imoq joleib] uoAuL,3 as OUIPSW3 69 d Ssai Oljji;Alln is ' )a I 99 ()j99J0 alre UM9JW).*AU puelsi LS liqep 'uieldl 09 (Aaq) jolLm jo estiedxe (S)MIP 6t, A d popunoq sutulunow ft Alp llepiu (puod Ilood le4el) Jejum 10 esueaxe (spunow pepunoq Alejoldwoo sdwn Isdwnq Lk (OBLIJI!A) 'Q0 UM04 l s) s (Bas'ueaoo) il 09 Jetem jo asuedxa V9 1 vieweips O e6 .4 polelosl .41%86GA mLad 916u!s st jel popunoqun jB3tJ0jS!q ([Mmco m (qsjLW) apiewum leini d at? 1 SM3 SULMLP) ueqjn Z9 wBMS tt, 1 alBunt I jaiMI6 Le (s6uipl!nq m (nB%Bjd) se ajold6oout) sawappm W SGJ(4 iesep 6c llepelem 9c lesew ve sulru [eplawwoo 06 lejrqlnouBs 63 lwiuLr-)Gl sa rM!Uet43OW LZ snot6i 9a Rei leuoqeemi sa zz (SPJLLpjo) re!SLol jewnpui vz spleg lejrqlmu6L,ca (joqje4) liod tz NOUV1.303A N01IONn:i 33VAHMNI OI.LV1903A NO EGIVM OLLVATS LN3VGIJJ3S 3ml 13ON319WV H31VMIONVII ON - :jGmGlA F - uepoo :asuodsoU :IeiijL :luawijadx3 119 111 S 13 A 3 H 01 d i u o s'-l"a31383NO3 04 04 0 0 C" co C" c0 c0 cc 2 0 LL V 4) > 0- CL CL > 0 < M CL -n 0 W M 00 00 0 5; ~0 0 0 Q0 4 00 ABSTRACT r'.ESC...'R1nVT0R 1 LVELS Experiment: Trial: Response: Coder: Viewer: QUALITIES LEVEL COLOR OTHER IMPUED IMPLIED IMPLIED AMBIENC E VISUAL TEXTURE TEMPERATURE MOVEMENT 61 yellow 71F---1 shiny(renective)eoF--l smooth as F----J hot 89 flowing 91 F----Jcongested (cluttered, dense,busy) 62r--1 72 [gold] 81 hizzy a6F--l cold (snow, ice)go other orange f l implied u 63 red 73 [silver] 82 grainy (sandy, o7 humid movement 92 serene (peace , unhurried, unfrenetic) 64 blue 74 [chrome] crumbly) 88 dry (arid) l d i rocky (ragged, 93= c ed jagged, ose 5 green 5 [Copper] rug= n (claustrophobic) 4 ru , rough) --1 ured (fuzzy, 04 striated 94 open (spacious, 66r purple76 obsc vast expansive) (pink) cum, 67F----l 7F----1 cloudy 95 ordered (aligned) brown (foggy, (beige) 68 disordered black a old 6 (jumbled, unaligned) 69 while weathered 79 (eroded, 70 gray Incomplete) ARCHETYPES STRUCTURE ELEVATION INTERFACE UNIQUENESS AMBIENCE 97 building(s) sirn rise (vertical (ge (or cen~alj rise 1001----l manmade fight/dark e 106 areas r ominant ea 98F---) re 104 r t t 1l l 3 u (or altered) ruc as s p ureffl ope) (big swath as we S) (s 99 flat 101 boundaries 105 odd (or surprising) 107 natural juxtaposition of an elements 102 d1water F interface 103 !and/sky interface (horizon) 0 M CL -n 0 M M 0 0 0 00 0 00 Page 3 > 0 < M CL -n 0 0 M 00 0 00 0 4 00 (D ABSTRACT DESCORIPTOR Experiment: LEVELS 11 Trial: Response: Coder: Viewer: 2-13 & 3-D OEOMETRIES RECTILINEAR CURVILINEAR MIXED IRREGULAR REPEAT LEVEL FORMS FORMS FORMS FORMS MOTIF 112 circle irregular rectangle (oval, 114 cylinder 117 lis repeat motif 108 (s forms uare sphere) , 115 cone (irregular q 113 [torus] features) Dox) triangle 109 (trapezoid. semicircle 116 (hemisphere, 2 pyramid) UU111w) other polygonal 110 (> 4 sides:. hexagon, octagon, etc.) cross-hatch id (gr ) I -D GEOMETRY 1119 stepped 127 arc (curve)130 meandering curve 12D parallel lines128 wave form (ripples) 121 vertical lines129 spiral 122 horizontal lines 123 diagonal lines 124 V-shape 125 F__j inverted V-shape 126 other angles > M 0 < M CL -n 0 M 0 M 00 0 00 Page 4