TIME/SEPTEMBER 4,1989 Goimng T 00 F ar The drug thugs trigger a backlash in Colombia and Kennebunkport BY GEOMM L CHLIRCH rY to imagine drug gangsters murdering both Attorney Getter- al Dick Thomburgh and his pre- Tdecessor, Edwin Meese. Next, pretend that drug triggermen and guerril- la allies rub out almost half the Supreme COurt-saY. Justices William Brennan, Byron White. Antonin Scalia and Sandra Day O'Connor-along with hundreds of lower-ranking but still prominent jurists. Expand the list of victims to include Washington Post editor Ben Bradlee and LOS Angeles police chief Daryl Gates, both slain, and Amy Carter, kidnaped and held briefly as a warning to authori- ties who might get tough with the narco- barons. And then the grand climax: the 1987 assassination of George Bush, mur- dered at a campaign rally just as he had become the favorite to be elected Presi- dent the following year. In the U.S. such carnage and terror striking at the vitals of effective government would be simply unbe- lievable. Yet an almost precisely equivalent list Of crimes has been committed in Colombia over the Past nine Years. Since 1980, assassins have gurmed down 178 judges~ elev- en of the 24 members of the Su- preme Court died in a 1986 shoot- Dut between the army and leftist guerrillas thought to have been paid by the drug barons. Also hit were IwO successive Justice Ministers (one survived). an Attorney General. the police chief of the nation's second largest city, Medellin, and the editor of the news- paper D Fipeclador in the capital city of Bogota. The drug lords also kidnaped the 33-year-old son ofa former President. Then, two weeks ago, a drug hit team Pumped five bullets into Luis Carlos Galan. A Senator and prot6g6 of incum- bent President Virgilio Barco Vargas. Galdn was the clear front runner to -in the presidency in next May's elections. But by killing him the narrotrafficantes may have finally gone too far, Instead of further intimidating the government, the murder ofGaldn helped intensify a crack- down that by last week had escalated to what a drug lords' communique called "absolute and total war." The raids, arrests and counterstrikes that followed presented the spectacle of a country fighting for its life against Crinti- nal combines financed by America's drug habit. The violence spurred the Adminis- tration to jump-start its antidrug pro gram, scheduled to be unvei d next week 1, in George Bush's first major TV address to the nation. From his vacation home in Kennebunkport, Me., the President an- nounced a $65 million package of emer- gencY military aid to Colombia, more than 2V2 times the $25 million the nation had been scheduled to receive. At the same time, the State Department warned that "Americans traveling to Colombia could expose themselves to extraordinary personal danger." Spokesman Richard Boucher said that State "strongly urges Americans to avoid visiting Medellin, headquarters of the drug traffickers' cartel." Even before the U.S. announced its infusion of emergency assistance, Colom- bia's government had scored some early victories, confiscating in raids hundreds ofmillions ofdollars' worth ofdrug king- pins' property. Included were 143 fixed- wing planes and helicoptem believed to be "We declare absolute and total war on the government... and all those who have Prosecuted and attacked us." -77se cartel ~ communiqui used to smuggle dnigs to the U.S., a num- a ber of yachts. and the mansions srof ranches of the MOSE promirent lord the Medellin cartel: Pablo Escobar Ga- viria and Jos~ Gonzalo Rodrigue Gacha. z Colombian television showed viewers some indications of the drug lords' ob- scenely lavish life-styles. One of Rodri- guez Gacha's spreads north of Bogota boasts several swimming pools, an artifi- cial lake and a two-acre flower garden. Another Rodriguez Gacha mansion. in- side Bogota, features a crystal staircase set amid pink marble walls and bathrooms equipped with gold-plated fixtures and rolls of Italian toilet paper on which were printed copies of classic artworks. Esco- bar"s prize possession, a 1.000-acre ranch known as El Napoles. even had a private zoo stocked with giraffes, dwarf ele- phants, rhinoceroses and some 2.000 oth- er exotic animals, many imported illegal- ly from Africa. President Barco decreed that the drug lords can get their property Drug violence strikes down the high and the low-. presidential candidate Luis Cari0s G-1WI, 'nourned by thousands, left, and an unidentified corpse dLvnped by a Medellin roadside back only if they claim it in person and gpirtoivmeaittewbaussianceqsus,irneodtwdirtuhgsprofits from le- Most important, Barco proclaimed a state of siege that will allow him to extra- dite to the U-S. any of the 80 drug thugs indicted by American prosecutors with- out getting a judge's signature on the or- der. That end-runs one of the biggest bar- riers to punishment of the gangsters: an intimidated Colombian Supreme Court in 1987 declared a U.S.-Colombia extradi- tion treaty invalid on the flimsiest oftech- nicalities. Both Washington and Bogota officials declare that the drug lords fear extradition more than anything else be- cause they cannot terrorize judges and ju- ries in the U.S. as readily as they can those in Colombia. The gangsters agree. Their communiques have been issued in the name ofa group that calls itself, with defi- ant sarcasm, the ExtradiLables. It has adopted the slogan "Better a Tomb in Co- lombia Than a Jail Cell in the U.S." Though Colombian Police initially rmoundedfu.phaonmd avreerested 11.000 people- quickly released by Friday they had nabbed only six peo pie on the U.S Justice Department's 120 name "long list" of those wanted for ques tioning, and not one of the suspects on a most-wanted list of twelve supplied to the Bogotd government. The biggest catch: Eduardo Martinez Romero. believed to be a financial adviser to the Medellin cartel. He is one ofseveral people indicted in the US. for involvement in an alleged $1.2 bi]lion money-laundering scheme, in which drug money was passed off as the supposed profits of jewelry and gold trading businesses. Martinez is described as only a middle-size fish. but he could turn out to be highly important. If he is extradited and decides to 4alk in return for a light sentence, he m ght point out where his chiefs have hid6en billions of dollars in profits and investments. The U.S. and friendly nations could then seize those assets. At week's end U.S. authorities. long out of practice in extradition cases involving Colombia, were rac- ing against a Monday deadline to complete a small mountain of paper- work needed for Martinez's extradi- tion. Ifthey could not meet that dead- line, Martinez would have to be turned loose. Since he had not been Vargas charged with any crime in Colombia, he could be held only seven days after his arrest, even during a state ofsiege. "We will not be cowed. We shall prevail over the forces that would destroy our democracy and enslave our nation." -Colombia President Virgilio Barcos - r%^,__ f%f%-Yononnzr%n1nAnnn9_o UU111.116111JU _. %_1M_rXL-.1r- ~Jw-%O%f I - - -- - - - The Dirty Dozen Wanted in America: Colombia's biggest narcobarons Pablo E'scobar Gavirla, 39: Leader of the Medellih cartel, which dominates the world cocaine trade. Escobar, who has a fortune estimated at more than $2 billion, ~s under indictment in Miami, Los Angeles and Atlanta. JOS6 Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha, 42: The most vicious of the Medelfi kingpins, dubbed "El Mexicano." Gustavo de Jesfis Gavkia Rivero, 42: Escobar's cousin and right-hand man. Under indictment in Atlanta. Jorge Luis Ochoa VAsquez, 40: Chief executive officer of the- family cocaine business, he is Pablo Escobar's peer in wealth, Political influence and legal invincibility. Under indictment in Miami and Atlanta. 'Juan David Ochoa Vifisquez, 41: Jorge's elder brother, he helps manage the business, Fablo Ochoa Vfisquez, 32: The youngest Ochoa son, "Fabito" helps supervise the family business. GllbertoJos6 Rodriguez. Oreluela, 45: Head of the Cali cartel. Owned a soccer team in Medelli~ and the First Interarnericas Bank in Panama. Under indictment in New York, Los Angeles, New Orleans and Miami. Miguel Angel Rodriguez Geraldo Moncada, 42: Oreluela, 46: Money launderer for the Escobar and Ochoa families. Under Brother of Gilberto. Co-owner of the indictment in Atlanta. soccer team and a chain of drugstores and big businesses in Medellih. Under indictment in New Orleans. Jaime Rafil OrQuela Jos6 Santacruz Londono, 4S: Caballero, 46: Partner of the RDdrrguez Orejudas. A prominent figure in Indicted in New York in 1985 for drug Z Call-tartel, whose gang dominates the New York drug market. trafficking. Under indictment in New York. The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administra- tion was reportedly keeping a plane ready to fly him to America as soon as the last i was dotted on the extradition papers. Yet Escobar, Rodriguez Gacha and the other drug lords had all escaped-per- haps into the Colombian jungles, maybe to Peru, Brazil or Panama, where strongman Manuel Antonio Noriega has helped them hide out during previous crackdowns. The Extraditables on Thursday issued a bulle- tin (printed on stationery with the cartel's makeshift trademark) declaring war to the death on any politicians, judges, journalists or members "of the political and industrial oligarchy" who oppose them, adding men- acingly that they would not "respect the families" of their targets. To underscore those threats, the gangsters bombed the headquarters of the Conservative Party and of Galdn's Liberal Party campqign or- Jos6 Ivan Duarte Acer-o, 37: Indicted in Miami for the attempted murder of two DEA agents. ganization, and burned the ranches of for- mer Finance Minister Edgar Gutidrrez Castro and Senator Ignacio Velez Escobar. Can the Colombian government win this war against the gangsters who smuggle into the U.S. an estimated 80% of all the cocaine snorted or smoked by Americans? The record is not encouraging. The drug barons have been forced to flee abroad be- fore, notably during the crackdown that followed the 1984 assassination of Justice Minister Rodrigo Lara Bonifla, only to re- turn and flaunt their wealth and power more ostentatiously than ever. President Barco will have to sustain the campaign-at considerable risk to his own life-long after public outrage at the rubout of Galdn has subsided. In an interview with TIME earlier this year, Barco asserted, "We're fighting a struggle that implies such 2 ing to pay." But, he said, "fighting against drugs means fighting for democracy," Even if Barco persists, though, Wash- ington is concerned that the Colombian government cannot match the drug gangs in money, firepower or training. The car- tel runs a regular school for motorcycle- riding assassins (called sicarios) just out- side Medellin, There, as shown on a videotape boldly distributed by the coke cartel, aspiring murderers are drilled in such techniques as twisting around on their choppers to blanket a car with lethal gunfire as they roar past. The trainers have been identified as British, South Af- rican and Israeli mercenaries; an embar- rassed Israeli government pledged last week to investigate the reports and, if they are true, do all it can to stop such activity. The U.S. aid acka e to B ' '1' 789ROO3501040009-0 balance. in response to Colombian re- quests, by Thursda Y evening Bush's White House staff outlined to the President what could be scraped together. Bush insisted that the aid had to reach Colombia fast and be paid for without hurting other counfries or Government programs. The assistance was shaped into a formal plan by Friday morning and announced by the White House that afternoon, following consultations with congressional leaders. It includes 20 Huey helicopters, machine Suns, mortars, 18-man assault boats, jeeps, radio equipment and ambulances. The first installment, consisting of eight Hueys and various small arms and am- munition worth $20 million in all, should be delivered in the next 14 days, the rest within a month or so. ST here is some talk too of sharing more intelligence with the Bo- got6 government. In the past, the DEA pointed the Colombians to the sites of cocaine labs. But the CIA and the National Security Agency refused to make available satellite photographs and electronically intercepted messages- with some justification, considering how thoroughly the Colombian government was thought to be honeycombed by drug- gang spies. Despite sorne initial press specula- tion, however, Bush from the beginning firmly ruled out the use of, U.S. troops, and made that stand public after tele- phoning Barco Monday night. Barco briefly raised the subject only to dismiss it; the Colombians, he said, do not want any such assistance. Both Presidents are well aware that the presence of armed Yankees would be bitterly resented as U.S. interference. The White House, however, rather nervously disclosed that a "small" band of Americans will be dis- patched to train the Colombians in the use of the military equipment they will be getting. OnLe official estimated the number of trainers and support person- riel at 50 to 100. U.S. troops may not be needed any- way: possibly the drug lords began the lat- est round of murders in desperation be- cause the Colombian government was already putting a deep crimp in their ac- tivities. One of the hits was on Medellin police chief Valdemar Franklin Quintero, who had commanded an operation called Rainbow that resulted in the destruction of 28 cocaine- processing laboratories and the capture of eleven tons of the drug. Even more important, Colombian au- thorities in the first six months of 1989 seized more than a million gallons of pro- cessing chemicals such as ether and ace- tone-enough to make 320 tons of co- caine, almost the entire estimated yearly output of the cartel. It was the rubouts of Franklin Quintero and Superior Court The murder box score: 178judges, one Justice Minister, one editor ... Magistrate Carlos Valencia, who invali- dated a jury's verdict acquitting Rodr4- guez Gacha of murder, that caused Presi- dent Barco to declare that he was reviving the extradition process. The murder of presidential candidate Galdn, occurring minutes before Barco went on television, then prompted the mass arrests and the escalation to full war. Though the U.S. has a big stake in the battle in Colombia, it cannot do much besides send mat6riel and cheer for Barco. Washington's antidrug policy is moving away from interdiction of supply to cutting down demand at home. Bush's program will propose shifting funds to expanded drug-educa- tion and -treatment programs, and stiff- er penalties for casual users. Such an emphasis on curtailing the U.S. appetite for cocaine and other drugs is fine by the Colombians. As President Barco told TIME, "Every time a North Amefi- can youngster pays for his vice in the streets of New York, Miami or Chicago, he becomes a link in the chain of crime, terror and violence which has caused us so much damage and pain, The best help the U.S. could give for the tran- quillity and the defense of human rights of Colombians would be attacking face to face the consumption of drugs in that country." After years of nagging Colombia to crack down on its cocaine gangsters, the U.S. is seeing the government literally risk its life to do so. Now the question is how hard America is prepared to fight the drug war in its own streets. -Reported by Dan Goodgamel Kennebunkport, john moodylBogom and Elaine Shannon1washing-ton or Release 20nn1nR111#kP_.1N1k~qMpoD 15 . . - - - - _~§ Colombian police commander with a cache of cocaine seized in a government raid Soldiers awed by the obscene lavishness of drug lord Rodriguez Gacha's bathroom :)roved For Reh My Lunch with Felix A correspondent's very public encounter with a suspected spy BY BRUCE VAN VOORST or Felix Bloch it was "just another day," but a meal with him last week F at Washington's posh Jockey Club took place under the watchful gaze of FBI agents two tables away, while a posse of reporters and TV cameramen waited out- side. Two months have passed since the State Department accused Bloch of con- tacts. with a Soviet agent, setting off a cir- cus of public surveillance but no formal charges. Yet as Bloch sipped a vodka ton- ic and spoke angrily of the "I- Bureau of Incompetents," he seemed little changed from the career foreign-service officer I have known for more than 28 years. "I guess the bottom line is they don't have a case yet," he said. Bloch, 54, appears much more dy- namic than the stiff-necked, melancholy personality portrayed on television. Al- ways a meticulous dresser, he suggested that we meet "someplace where you need a coat and tie" in order to keep the casual- ly attired press mob outside, "Do you really think I'm dour?" he began., referring to a description of him in a recent issue of TIME. It seemed an odd concern for a man at the center of the most serious State Department espionage scandal since the Alger Hiss affair. But perhaps Bloch's preoccupation with the media is understandable: he carried with him a color photo of a woman knocked to the ground in a supermarket by a burly TV cameraman who had been tracking Bloch's grocery cart. "That's the way it is nowadays," he said, sighing. Some suggest that Bloch enjoys his notoriety. Yet he has rejected a barrage of telephone calls and messages from Diane Sawyer asking him to appear on Prime Time Live and from Mike Wallace for 60 Minutes. Bloch plays along with the re- porters who (log his every step. "Longev- ity runs in the family," he cautions. "This could go on for another 35 years." With the skill of a veteran diplomat, he dodges questions about espionage. "There have been no charges," he said at lunch. What of the Goverm-nent's statement that be had been involved in a "compromise of security"? "What's a 'compromise'?" he asked coyly. Anyway, he added, "there's no evidence of a compromise." Does that mean he is innocent? Bloch paused an agonizing 30 seconds, "I can't comment on particLL'ars, for then I must comment on the whole." He has heard that a federal grand jury is investigating. "What more can they learn?" Bloch asked. "They have all my papers and have talked to all my friends and colleagues." tion is ambivalent. At his first FBI interro- gation, on June 22, he not only surren- dered his diplomatic passport, as he was required to do, but volunteered to give up his regular passport as well. He says he agreed to permit the FBI to search his car and apartment without a warrarit and even reminded the agents to check the cellar storage space. But when Bloch and his wife Lou returned from a trip to New York City, they found a valuable chande- lier cracked, the windows open and the air conditioning running. They submitted a bill to the FBI. To Bloch's great irrita- tion, the FBI also confiscated his private said, "I don't expecf;jri-ytlTin~ else." Can he endure the pressure? "I know pi-,.)ple think of suicide," Bloch said, "but my roots are in Vienna, where everybody thinks of suicide all the time." Thinking and doing, he seemed to be saying, are two different things. Acquaintances have searched in vain for an indication of what might have mo- tivated Bloch's espionage, if indee4 the Government's suspicions are justified. Money is an unlikely answer. He %till earns $80,000 a year from the State I)e- partment, and his wife has additional in- come. Except for their $328,000 apan- ment, Bloch has modest tastes. He seem4 satisfied with his books, the theater, his stamp collection and a glass of good wine. Bloch resented serving under politically appointed ambassadors in Vienna, but his real complaint is with the State Depart- Every breath you take, every move you make: Bloch In a quiet moment In Washington "Longevity runs in thefamily: this couldgo onfor another 35 years. papers and only belatedly returned a checkbook, with just three blank checks, so he could pay some bills. Angered by intense surveillance in New York City, Bloch took to marching up one-way streets, causing traffic tie-ups as the pursuing FBI autos bucked oncom- ing cars. At intersections the FBI held traf- fic, but Bloch chose to let cars back up while he waited for a green light. In Washington, to ease the FBI's bur- den, Bloch generally tells agents where he is headed. Even so, as one agent allowed, there have been some fender benders, caused by the troupe. In front and back of Bloch's Washington apartment, FBI agents sit in autos, the motors running, smiling wanly at passersby. Still, Bloch does not play the deeply wronged innocent. A self-described fatal- JIL lie~Ls Yoic. "Life is unfair, that's it," he ment's failure to consider him for ap- pointment as Ambassador to East Ger- many, and his later lack of success in becoming Deputy Ambassador to the Hague or Consul General in Munich, even though he had the backing of his im- mediate bosses. Is he guilty? Bloch's Talmudic refusal to deny everything leaves the question open. After lunch we stopped in the men's room., where an FBI agent rushed in, standing, staring and listening as we washed our hands. Bloch agreed to meet again, "providing I don't defect to East Berlin before then. "Just kidding," he added, smiling at the agent, Outside, Bloch headed toward Dupont Circle, trailing agents and media like the Pied Piper. "The guy's got guts," mused one agent as he rejoined the procession. 16