Apg@-64@"or Release 2001/03/07.:.C.IA-RDP9,6-00787ROO0700100001-5 Proposal for Research SRI No. ISH 73-146 PERCEPTUAL AUGMENTATION TECHNIQUES Part One-Technical Proposal 1 October 1973 73 Prepared by: Harold E. Puthoff Senior Research Engineer Russell Targ Senior Research Physicist Approved: Earle D. Jones, Dir(ZrRnCS Electronics and Bioengincering Laboratory 96-@@ (; Bonnar Cox, Executive Director Information Science and Engineering Div ision COI)v No. Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001103107 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . iv I INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II BACKGROUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 A. Exploratory Research in Remote Viewing . . . . . . . . 3 1. Global Targets-Training Mode . . . . . . . ... 3 2. Demonstration-of-Ability Tests: Doubl.e-Blind Client-Supplied Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . 6 B. EEG Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . :. . . . . . . 18 C. Remote Perception of Graphic Material . . . . . . . . . 23 III PROPOSED PROGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 A. Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 B. Technical Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 C. Statement of Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 D. Reporting Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 IV QUALIFICATIONS OF STANFORD RESEARCH INSTITUTE . . . . . . . 43 ii Approved For Release 2001103107 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 I LLUSTRAT IONS 1 Training Results (Swann) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 Map No. 1 of West Virginia Site (Swann) . . . . . 8 . 3 Map No. 2 of West Virginia Site (Detail--Swann) . 9 . . . . . d Map of Urals Site (Price) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 . . . . . 5 Map No. I of Kerguelen Island Site (Detail-Swann).14 6 Map No. 2 of Kerguelen Island Site (Swann) . . . 15 . . . . . . 7 Alap No. 3 of Kerguelen Island Site (Price) . . . . 17 . . . . . . 8 Occipital EEG Frequency Spectra, 0 to 25 Hz, of Jean Mayo, Receiver . . . . . ... . . . . . . . 21 . . . . . . 9 Occipital EEG Frequency Spectra, 0 to 25 Hz, of Hella lfwnmid, Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 . . . . . . . 10 Shielded Room Used for EEG Measurements . . . . 24 . . . . . . 11 Target 1 (Firecracker) and Geller's Responses . 25 . . . . . . 12 Target 2 (Grapes) and Geller's Response . . . . 27 . . . . . . 13 Target 3 (Devil) and Geller's Responses . . . . 28 . . . . . . 14 Target d (Solar System) and Geller's Response . 31 . . . . . . 15 Target 5 (Camel) and Geller's Response . . . . 33 . . . . . . . 16 Target 6 (Golden Gate Bridge) and Geller's Response-.34 . . . 17 Target 7 (Seagull Flying) and Geller's Response 35 . . . . . . 18 Target 8 (Kite on CRT Display) and Geller's Response.36 19 Target 9 (Church, Stored in Memory of Text-Editing Computer) and Geller's Response . . . . . . . . 37 . . . . . . 20 Target 10 (Arrow Through Heart, Stored in Computer Graphics Program) and Geller's Responses . . . 39 . . . . . . . iii Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 TABLE Results of Global Targets Training-Run 10 . . . . . . . . . iv Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001103107 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 I INTRODUCTION Stanford Research Institute proposes to undertake a one-year research program to investigate, and develop techniques to enhance, human percep- tual abilities. The perceptual abilities that we have been investigating for the past year are sometimes considered paranormal phenomena. floweverl our recent work leads us to consider them as, to a greater or lesser extent., latent in all people. The phenomena we have investigated most exten- sively pertain to the ability of certain individuals to view with great clarity distant scenes not presented to any known perceptual sense. In addition, we have performed more modest experiments with unselected sub- jects who have been found to exhibit direct physiological (EEG) evidence of perception of remote happenings. Our accumulated data make it appear that both gifted and ordinary persons can be assisted in developing remote perceptual abilities up to a level dictated by their individual potentialities. The purpose of the proposed i,csearch is to investigate the physical and psychological variables underlying these phenomena so that we may gain a greater understanding of this ability and a more com- plete grasp of its limits and applicability. Section II of this proposal provides background material, detailing the evidence pertaining to remote viewing and other nonregular percep- tual abilitie,@. In this section we describe: ~ Experiments with two gifted individuals who took part in double-blind experiments to perceive scenes at intercon- tinental distances. ~ Brain wave experiments in which ordinary (not specially selected) subjects were asked to perceive whether or not a remote light was flashing--the EEG data from several of- .these subjects indicates objectively that they did perceive the presence of the light, even if only at a noncognitive level of their consciousness. This proposal has been prepared at the request of the client. I Approved For Release 2001103107 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 ApprQve#',,FXlK@jWqAq9,1@03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 remote perception experiments @%'itjl Mr. Uri Gelleri, ill which lle@' while located in all elec- trically shieldod 1-00111, was able to reprOdLICO target pictures drawn for the occasion at various SRI locations. Section III describes the proposed proo-ram and presents a detailed work statement, alon.- with the major program milestones. Section IV Outlines the experience, facilities, and personnel of Stanford Research Institute, and its Electronics and Bioengineering Laboratory that are available to contribute to the successful completion of this work. A separate Part Two of this proposal covers contractual matters and costs. 2 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Il BACKGROUND A. ExploratoIry Research in Remote Viewing As a result of experimentation carried out in an eight-month program to investigate the abilities of a gifted subjecty Ingo Swann., Swann ex- pressed the opinion that the insi.-lits obtained had stren.-thened an ability that has been researched before lie joined the SRI program; namely, the ability to view remote locations. To test Swann's assertion, SRI re- searchers set ill) a series of experimental protocols on a gradient scale of increasing difficulty. The first step toward the proof that such an ability might exist in principle was completed in our laboratory in a series of experiments with another subject in which target pictures were successfully received where the subject was separated from the target material either by an electrically isolated shielded room or by the isolation provided by East-coast/West-coast distances. These data are presented in Part C of this section. 1. Global Targets--Training Mode For the first experiment, considered to be a training mode, 100 targets on the earth's surface (ten per day for ten days) were chosen at random, often by different experimenters. For each ten-trial session, the experiment would begin with the subject (Swann) being given a target location by latitude and longitude only, for which lie had to provide an immediate response of what he saw. Following his response, some brief indication was given as to whether any correspondence existed between his description and the target location. The next coordinate was then given until all ten coordinates were exhausted. A run of ten coordinates was always completed in less than 30 minutes. The results obtained during the training mode are summarized in Figure 1, where a least-squares fit to the data is shown by the solid lines. Details for the final run (Run 10) are shown in Table 1. The second coordinate in Run 10 (Table 1) affords a surprising example of precision that sometimes occurred. The experimenter chose 3 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 10 8 HITS/RUN 6 out of 10 trials/run 4 2 0 0 LESSER 6 CORRESPONDENCES/ RUN out of 4 10 trials/run 2 0 6 MISSES/RUN 4 out of 10 trials/run 2 0 0 1-. 0 2 4 6 10 RUN NUMBER SA-2613-1 FIGURE 1 TRAINING RESULTS (SWANN) 4 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001/03107 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Ta b t e I RESULTS Or GLOBAL TARGETS TRAINING-RUN 10 Ta rge t Response Eva luat ion* ,15'N 1500w Ocean) beal-ItifUl blue-green H waves, sun (ocean) shining, S]lip toward north 20S 3,1'E Sense of speeding Over water) 11 landing (eastern shore, oil land. Lake to west, high Lake elevation Victoria, Africa) 55'N 150'E Not many trees, Patches of snow, marsh? (Sea of Okhotsk) WIN 19*1V Volcano to Southwest. I think I'm over (20 miles ENE of ocean. Mt. Ifekla volcano, Iceland) 550N 130'E Wind blowing therej night) telephonN e (Soviet Union) wires. Land, flat Place with fields; Cold. 60,N@ 900w Open water, st'ands of pine H to north. Oludson Bay) 60'N 910E City, s ,now on ground, city N to north- (Soviet Union) east, factory to south. 300S 0' Ocean, Atlantic, deep blue water.H (ocean) 42'N 1050 Mountains H (Gobi) 280S 1370E Islands, Land mass to east, H west. (Lake Eyre, Australia)An open sea, night. 11--ifit; good description of area in near vicinity of target. IN-Neutral; some possibility of correspondence. M-Miss; clear lack of correspondence. 5 Approved For Release 2001103107 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approy,94.fiqAel"se 2001103107 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 m a to the middle of Lake Victoria, Arrica. 110woVor" Swann insisted that the coordinate@ when given@ turned a oil ' p''Cture of 'and to the rit"111t of a large lake. SubseqUO"t checking with a detailed map of the region indicated that his perception had been correct . We must, Of Course, point Out that the results of such a train- ing mode can be ta%en as indicative only, since even under the carefully controlled experimental conditions in force, 0 An individual could--in principle--obtain good results on the basis of eidetic memory. a Given the hypothesis of extraordinary functioning an individual could--in principle--obtain the data subliminally from -in experimenter who knows the target location. Therefore, the rapid global targets training mode was followed tip with a series of global targets supplied by Stanford Research Institute personnel on a double-blind basis in which detail was obtained on build- ings, roads, bridges, and the like. The results were sufficiently ac- curate to lead us to propose the client-controlled demonstration-of- ability tests described in the following paragraphs. The final evaluation rests on the analysis of the double-blind targets used in the concluding demonstration-of-ability tests. 2. 'Demonstra'tion-of-AI)ility Tests: Double-Blind Client-Supplied Coordinates In order to subject the remote viewing phenomena to a rigorous test under control of the client, a request for coordinates was trans- mitted to the client. In response,, SRI personnel received the first set of coordinates, hereafter referred to as the West Virginia Site. a. West Virginia Site (Swann) Date: 29 May 1973, 1634-1640, Menlo Park, California Protocol Coordinates 38023' 45-48"Ni 79025' 00"W given by Dr. H. E. PUthOff to subject 1. Swann to :.Lnitiate experiment. No maps were permitted and the subject wAs asked to give an immediate response. The session was recorded on video tape. 6 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved F6rRblt%rV612G01/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 This seems to be some sort of mounds or rolling hills. There is a city to the north (I can see the taller buildings and sonic smog) .This seems to be a strange place, somewhat like the lawns that one would find around a military base, but I get the impression that there are either some old bunkers around, or maybe this is a covered reservoir. There must be a flagpole, sonic highways to the west, possibly a river over to the far east, to the south more city. The map of Figure 2 was drawn. On the following morning, Swann submitted a written re- port of a second reading, dated 30 May 1973, 0735-0758, Mountain View, California. Cliffs to the east., fence to the north, There's a circular building (a tower?), buildings to the south. Is this a former Nike base or something like that? This is about as far as I could go without feedback, and perhaps guidance as to what was wanted. There is something strange about this area, but since I don't know particularly what to look for within the scope of the cloudy ability, it is extremely difficult to make decisions on what is there and what'is not. Imagination seems to get in the way. (For example, I seem to got the impression of some- thing underground, but I'm not sure.) However, it is apparent that on first sighting the general location was correctly spotted. The map of Figure 3 was drawn. b. West Virginia Site (Price) As a back-up test., the coordinates were given to a second subject (Price) who appears to possess similar ability in casual testing. The task was presented to the second subject independently of the first, both to prevent collaboration and to prevent any sense of competition. Date: I June 1973, 1700, Menlo Park, California Protocol: Coordinates 38023' 45-48"N) 79025' 00"W given by Dr. 11. E. Puthoff to subject Price by telephone to initiate experiment. 7 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 (J FIGURE 2 MAP NO. I OF WEST VIRGINIA SITE (SWANN) 8 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 FIGURE 3 MAP NO. 2 OF WEST VIRGINIA SITE (DETAIL-SWANN) 9 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved ppp@,qZqO7@,7@R, qtl@9700100001 -5 i response Wated 2 June 1973@1 1230-1350, Lake Tahoe, California) was received in the mail. Looked at general area from altitude of about 1500' above highest terrain. On my left forward ClUadrant is a peak in a chain of mountains., elevation approximately 4996' above sea level. Slopes are greyish slate covered with variety of broad leaf trees, vines, shrubbery, and under.-rowth, I am facing about 30-50 west of north. Looking down the mountain to the right (east) side is a roadway, freeway Country style--curves around base of mountain from S.W,swings north for a few miles then heads E.N.E. to a fairly large city about 30-40 miles dis- taut. This area was a battleground in civil war--low rolling hills,, creeks, few lakes or reservoirs. There is a smaller town a little S.E. about 15-20 miles distant with small settle- ments, village type, very rural, scattered around. Looking across the peak, 2500-3000' mountains stretch out for a hundred or so miles. Area is essentially wooded. Some of the westerly slopes are eroded and gully washed--looks like strip mining, coal mainly. Weather at this time is cloudv, rainy. Temperature at my alti- tude about 540--hi.-h cumulo nimbus clouds to about 25,000- 30,000'. Clear area, but turbulent, between that level and some cirro stratus at 46,000'. Air mass in that strip moving W.N.W. to S.E. 1318 - Perceived that peak area has large underground storage areas. Road comes up back side of mountains (west slopes), fairly well concealed, looks deliberately so. It's cut under trees where possible--would be very hard to detect flying over area. Looks like former missile site--bases for launchers still there,, but area now houses record storage area, microfilm, file cabinets; as you go into underground area through aluminum rolled up doors., first areas filled with records, etc. Rooms about 100' long, 40' wide, 20' ceilings with concrete supporting pilasters, flare-shaped. Temperature cool--fluorescent lighted. Personnell Army 5th Corps Engineers. INT/Sgt. Long on desk plac- ard on grey steel desk--file cabinets security locked--combina- tion locks, steel rods through eye bolts. Beyond these rooms@ heading cast, are several bays Nvith Computers, communication equipment, large maps, display type, overlays. Personnel, Army Signal Corps. Elevators. 10 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 @Rpiov?d For Release,@Rql/03/07f CIA-RDP96-007@.T@000700100001-5 -11 a r 0 a m original loca -1111 ool@ca over g( I ) I ag, -- valloys quite hazy, lightning about 30 mile-; north along moun- tain I-icl,,,,e. Temperature drop about C)", it's about 48 Looking for other significances: see warm air mass moving in from S.W. colliclinl- with cool air mass about 100 I-,IiICS E.S.E. from My viewpoint . Air is very tUrbLIlOIIt--tOrIIqdO type; birds in my area seeking heavy cover. There is a fairly lar(re river that I can see about 15-20 miles north and slightly west; runs N.E.; then Curves in wide valley running S.W. to IN.E. ;. river then runs S.E. Area to east., low rolling hills. Quite a few Civil War MOtILIMonts. A marble colonnade type: it In this area was fought the battle of Lynchburg where many brave men of the Union and Confederate Armys (sic) fell. We dedicate this area to all peace loving people of the future-Daughters G.A.R." On a later date Price was asked to return to the West Virginia site with the goal of obtaining cocleword information, if pos- sible. In response, Price supplied the following information: Top of desk had papers labeled: Flytrap Alinerva File cabinet on north wall labeled: Operation Pool --- Ond word unreadable) Folders inside cabinet labeled: Cueball 14 Ball 4 Ball 8 Ball Rackup Name of site vaguely seems like Hayfork or Haystack. Personnel: Col. R. J. Hamilton Alai. Gen. George R. Nash Major John C. Calhoun?? C. Urals Site (Price) After obtaining a reacting on the West Virginia site, Price volunteered that he scanned the other side of the -Ilobe for a Bloc equiv- alent, and found one in the Urals at 65000'57"N, 59'59'59"E, described as follows. Elevation, 6200'. Scrubby brush, tundra type ground hummocks, rocky outcroppings, mountains Nvith fairly steep slopes. Facing 11 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001103107 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 north, about 60 miles groun(I ---Jopes marshland. @Iountain to chain runs Off to ri-lit about 350 east of 1101-th. Facing South, mountains run fairly north and south. Facing west,, mountains drop down to foothills for (30 miles or so; some rivers running roughly north. Facing east, MOL11-1tains are rather abruptp dropping to rolling hills and to flat land. Area site under- ground, reinforced concrete, doorways of steel of the roll-up type . Unusually high ratio of women t o men,. at least at night. I see some helipads, concrete. Light rail tracks run from pads to another set of rails that parallel the doors into the mountain (see Figure 4). Thirty miles north (5 0 west of north) of the site is a radar installation with one large (165') dish and two small fast-track dishes. The above reports were submitted to the client for evalua- tion. A second set of coordinates Nvas requested and obtained, thereafter referred to as the Kerguelen Island Site. lipads MMNMIN FACE FIGURE 4 MAP OF URALS SITE (PRICE) 12 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 'Approvcj@d FqF1llpAqppe@',?PO1/@j/07 - CIA-FDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 111 C1 Ltel (S@@ann) Date: 21 July 1973, 1708-1730., Menlo Park) California Protocol: Coordinates 49'2OtS, 70'14'E given by Dr. H. E. PUthOff to subject I. Swann to initiate experi- men t. No maps were permitted.and the subject was asked to give an immediate response. The session was recorded on video tape. Swann response: Aly initial response is that it's an island) maybe a mountain sticking tip through a cloud cover. (Experimenter checks, gives positive feedback.) Terrain seems rocky. Must be some sort of small plants growing there. Cloud bank to the west. Very cold. I see some buildings rather mathematically laid out. One of them is orange. There is something like a radar antenna, a round disc. (Subject draws riap during report.) Two white cy- lindrical tanks, quite large. To the northwest a small airstrip. Wind is blowing. Must be two or three trucks in front of build- ing. Behind, is that an outhouse? There's not much there. That's all, I think, for now. Swann submits map, Figure 5. t' On the following day, 1152-1215, the identical protocol %,.,as followed for a second reading. Again, no maps were permitted. During this reading, Swann described following the coastline of the island, drawing segments on 8-1/2" Y 11" pieces of paper as lie went., resulting in Figure 6 when the pieces were assembled. It's not completely dark there, sort of orangish light. if I look to the west, hills; to the north flatlands and.@ I think, airstrip and ocean in the distance; to the east, rolling bumpy grasslands with bumps; to the south is -- I can't see anything to the south. I move north to the coastline and follow it around. That's point A (bc-ins to draw map). Point B, rocks sticking up out of the ocean., breakers on them. Point C, little cluster of buildings with wharf, boats. Point D, jutty of land sticking out. Point F* is sand basin, river coming through, Lettering out of order. 13 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 F-4 z 2 ui LU -j w ui V U- 0 0 E CL LO w Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Rel i-@M?/07 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 i LU V3 N ui w @z U- 0 N -cj z LLI cr_- D 0 LL Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 lots of birds. Point E, brush of small trees. This is fun (laughs), first time I've ever done this. (Following E) almost a straight coastline, cuts in rocks, beach. Then curves back. I see to northwest a mountain rising, snow on top. Area G is irregular. Point I[ is a high cliff t@ ly Point I is a promontory. Point J has big breakers, K is a bay, L is area I drew yester- day (circles area, draws airstrip and buildings for orientation to previous map) . That will do for today. May be a lighthouse (on tip?). I lacked courage going around Point G. e. Ker.-uelen Island Site (Price) Date: 20 July 1973, 1400, Menlo Park, California Protocol: Coordinates 49020'S, 70014'E given by Dr. 11. E. Puthoff to subject Price by telephone to initiate experiment. Price Response: On the morning of 21 July 1973 Price's written response (dated 20 July 1973@ 2055-2232, Santa Clara, California) was received (hand carried) . Picked 155000' altitude. Looking south, 40 east of south, see a @ite located on a cliff about 200' high above the ocean. In- stallation is a cluster of buildings and radar tracking station (see Figure 7). Radar is a segment concave type rather than circular dish type. Building "'I is the largest, L-shaped, front facin- NIV, two stories plus basement. BUildings :L2 and *3 about 75'-100' east of main building, also two stories plus basement. Building ;@'2 has recreation and dining facilities, building #3 contains living quarters. Building :!@4 is a shop and maintenance area. Buildings are all interconnected on the -,round floor. I see a dock area at the base of the cliff, and 1/4 to 1/2 mile from the buildings is an airstrip. The installation has four functions: 1) Tracking (space) 2) Meteorological station 3) Monitoring equipment for radiation readings 4) Radio relay station. I see a couple of other radar installations covered by geodesic domes. There are two small tracking radars interlinked with main radar. 16 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 W674-A'171 FIGURE 7 MAP NO. 3 OF KERGUELEN ISLAND SITE (PRICE) Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 .00787ROO0700i 00001,5 -RDP96 Approved For Release 200`1103107 : CIA I had the impression that the persoilliel Onili Lary and civilian) were French, but since I could Lniderstand what was being said I assume personnel are iVaerican. f. Analvsis of Result-, Moublo-Blind Client Coordinates) The results obtained with the double-blind client coordi- nates have been evaluated separately by the client. (See attached supplement . ) As an additional control with regard to the experimental protocol, SRI personnel have not been informed before, during, or aftor- ward of any details of the target series parameters, including the hit- miss profile. However, SRI personnel have been informed that in each experiment there have been at least some categories of information in which the data exceed any possible bounds of coincidontal correlation, and exceed any possible bounds of acquisition by known means. It has also been reported that some of -the data possibly constitute "noise" in the signal, but it has usually been difficult to negate totally any information given by the subjects. Therefore, we conclude from this portion of the study that: ~ A channel exists whereby information about a remote location can be obtained in the manner described. ~ As with all biological systems the information channel appears to be imperfect, containing some noise along with the signal. ~ While a signal-to-noise ratio cannot as yet be determined by SRI personnel with regard to client- controlled targets, a somiquantitative signal-to- noise ratio might be determined with additional experimental effort. B. 1"'EG Experiments One premise underlying our investigation is that paranormal func- tioning is distributed throughout the population in much the same manner as every other ability, and indeed in much the same way as intelligence is -RDP96.00787RO007OOiOOOO'-5 Approved For Release 2001103107 : CIA Approved For Release 2001103107 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 i@; distributed. @Vc fUrthOr conjecture that it is partially the "worid view OC the times ill which we live that prevents paratiormal ability f 1-0711 SLII'faCill.- to a greater extent. OUr EEG program was initiated in an effort to determine whether objectivo physio logical measures of paranormal functioning exist and to relieve the subject from the burden of having to demonstrate voli- tionally any sort of paranormal functioning. We inform our subjects that a light is to be flashed from time to time in a distant room, and if they perceive that light it may be evident from changes in their EEG output. This experiment tests the hypothesis that perception May take place all([ be measurable at noncognitive levels of consciousness, even though not easily expressed verbally. In our work with four female volunteer subjects, we have found evidence in three of their EEG spectra that they are influenced by the remote StillIL11US. Tlius it appears from this exploratory work that we have a repeatable perception experiment that yields significant results even with unselected subjects. The experimental protocol for the experiment is as follows: A subject is seated in a shielded EEG monitoring room in the Life Sciences Building of SRI. A friend of the subject is seated in a remote room With the Stimulus generator, in this case a strobe light. The EEG out- put is recorded from the vertexes and occiputs (regions of the brain) simultaneously from both participants. Oil each trial, a tone burst precedes by one second, a ten-second train of flashes presented to one of the subjects designated as the "sender." The subject who does not see the flashes is designated the "receiver;" this subject also hears the warning signal. This signal evokes a contingent negative variation (CNV) 0 in each of the subjects as they anticipate the occurrence of the flashes. Thirty-six such trials are given, each consisting of 12 null trials,, i.e., 0 flashes/second, 12 6-11z flashes, and 12 16-11z flashes intermixed in a random order. Each of the 36 trials consists of a ten-second EEG epoch. The EEG data are recorded on magnetic tape and digitized. The 12 data blocks associated with the 0, 6, and 16 T1z trials are averaged. A spectral analysis is then performed on the average. This analysis has given two types of results. In two subjects we have evidence Of actual MOdUlation of the EEG Output at the flash fre- quency. The other Onore consistent) observation is that the dominant alpha production Of the resting subjects is pulled to higher frequencies during the 6- and 16-11z trials as compared with the 0 flashes/second trials. 19 Approved For Release 2001103107 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 ,Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 III SLIM111,11y, the "receiver" subject knows when a trial period is beginning but does not know whether the lilght will be flashed nor what the flash frequency will be. However, from the accumulated EEG data,, we tentatively conclude that there is evidence strongly suggesting that human subjects can directly--even thoug1h nonco.-nitively--perceive remote stimuli not presentod to any known perceptual sense, and the perception event can be recorded by an objective process. Figure 8 shows the averaged EEG for a subject attempting to perceive the remote stimulus. In this case the twelve averaged trials are for the 6- and 16-11z light. The spectrum indicates a significant (p = 0.05) in- crease in the 16-11z component during the 16-11z period. Figure 9(a) shows an overlay of the three averaged spectra for a different subject. Figure 9(b) shows the difference spectrum where the 0 trials data are electrically subtracted from the 6-11z data. This difference curve shows a clear frequency shift in the dominant component of the subject's alpha (9-11 Hz) production. Of our four subjects, this subject had by far the most monochromatic EEG spectrum. Again the fre- quency shift obtained from comparing the stimulus versus nonstimulus trials was significant at the p = 0.05 level for the 6-Hz case and at the p = 0.005 level for the 16-11z case. A second important use of the EEG technique is to allow a deter- mination to be made of what confidence level to place on what a subject reports that he is perceiving during the course of his remote viewing experience. Subjects taking part in these EEG experiments are asked to indicate their conscious feelings, on a trial-by-trial basis, as to which stimulus is being generated. They make their guess known to the experimenter via one-way telegraphic communication. An.analysis of these guesses has shown a-correlation between the correct calls an(] certain characteristic changes in EEG output. These changes vary from subject to subject but 0 appear to be constant for any one subject. Having observed this apparent correlation in exploratory work., it is important to continue this study further to determine its constancy. In experiments with Swann, the correlation took the form of a de- crease in monochromaticity of his alpha production when his verbal re- sponses to a stimulus condition were correct. (In this experiment Swann was asked to determine whether a remote helium-neon laser was on or off.) In the course of this experiment there was thus an apparent correlation between the accuracy of his perception and his EEG production, even though his overall task performance in this particular experiment did not differ significantly from chance expectation. 20 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001/03107 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 to zo (a) SENDER STIMULATED WITH 6-Hz FLASHES 10 19 zo (b) SENDER STIMULATED WITH 16-Hz FLASHES FIGURE 8 OCCIPITAL EEG FREQUENCY SPECTRA, 0 TO 25 Hz, OF JEAN MAYO, RECEIVER 21 Approved For Release 2001/03107 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 0 6 16 5 Hz 13 Hz 20 liz W THREE CASES-O-, 6-, AND 16-Hz FLASHES (12-TRIAL AVERAGE) 10 !17 (b) DIFFERENCE SPECTRA-6-Hz MINUS 0-Hz FIGURE 9 OCCIPITAL EEG FREQUENCY SPECTRA, 0 TO 25 Hz, OF HELLA HAMMID, RECEIVER Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 ARpr9y,q4. Fq@.,R k@Rs@? /tO3/ 7 -,CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 -ic- Society Col- Psychical A1101 an Research@ Di'. KIrlis Osis has reported that when Swann attempted to reproduce pictorially the contents of a hidden container, his EEG out- put would consistently shift from lower to higher frequencies. Swann \,.-as highly successful (eight Out Of eight) in this series of perception experiments. It therefore appears -that monitoring of the EEG may prove to be a good indicator as to the measure of confidence that should be placed in a subject's report about his perception of a remote scene. C. Remote Perception of Graphic Material The objective of this group of experimental sessions was to inves- tigate the apparent paranormal perception ability of gifted subject Uri Geller under carefully controlled conditions with the goal of under- standing the physical and psychological variables underlying such ability. Oil each day of an eight-day experimental period, picture drawing experiments were carried out. In these experiments, Geller was separated from the target material either by an electrically isolated, shielded room or by the isolation provided by having the targets drawn on the East Coast. As a result of Geller's success in this experimental period, we consider that he has demonstrated his paranormal perceptual ability in a convincing and unambiguous manner. Saturday, 4 August--Two drawing experiments were conducted this clay. In both of these, Geller was closeted in an opaque, acoustically and electrically shielded room. This room is the double-walled shielded room used for EEG research in the Life Sciences Division of SRI. It is locked by means of an inner and outer door, each of which is secured with a refrigerator-type lockin.- mechanism, as shown in Figure 10. The two drawings used in this experiment were selected by randomly opening a large college dictionary and selecting the first word that could reasonably be drawn. The first word obtained in this manner was 11 fuse" and the object drawn was firecracker [Figure-11(a)]. All target selection and picture drawing was done with Geller already in the shielded room. Geller was notified via intercom when the target picture was drawn and taped to the wall outside his enclosure. Ile was continuously nioni- tored by a one-way audio circuit. 23 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 . -A h FIGURE 10 SHIELDED ROOM USED FOR EEG EXPERIMENTS 24 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 \ I i@- (b) RESPONSE 1 (C) RESPONSE 2 FIGURE 11 TARGET 1 (F,IRECRACKER) AND GELLER'S RESPONSES 25 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 (a) TARGET le 0 P96-00787,RO007001 00001 1@9,@,:@?lTase 2001103107 : CIA.RP Appr9y -5 Milocliate response was t tat lie saw a cylinder with noise comin- out oC it." His drawing repi-esenting his response to the t, t, target was a druni, along with a number of other cylindrical-looking objects [Figures 11(b) and 11(c)]. 'it got was a bunch The second word selected was "bunch and the targ of grapes. Geller's inuilediate response was that lie saw "drops of water coming out of the Picture." Ile then talked about "purple circles." Finally, lie said that he was quite sure that lie had the picture. His drawing was indeed a bunch of grapes. Both the target picture and Geller's rendition had 24 grapes in the bunch (Figure 12). In this work the target picture is never discussed by the experi- menters after the picture is drawn or brought near the shielded room. The intercom operates only from the inside of the room to the outside,, except when the push-to-talk switch is depressed on the outside of the room. In our detailed examination of the shielded room and the protocol used in these experiments no sensory leakage has been found nor has any defect in the protocol been brouglit to our attention. Sunday, 5 August--Geller is locked in the shielded room with one experimenter outside as a monitor while the target is drawn in the other experimenter's office about a half mile away. The tart-let selected from the dictionary was an outline drawing of a rfian, which evolved through the drawing process into a devil with a trident [Figure 13(a)]. To start the experiment, Puthoff, who was with Geller, called Targ, who. was with the drawing. Geller spent almost a half-hour working on the drawing before "passing," as lie felt unable to get the drawing. We in- clude his efforts nonetheless for the insight into the process that they provide. His drawings @Figures 13(b)-13(d)] were as follows: Moses' Tablets , i.e., Ton Commandments. ~ Apple with a worm coming out of it, a snake was in the same picture, and the Tablets symbolism of the first drawing. ~ Composite picture with the Teti Commandments on top of the world and the trident on the Outside, along with a neatly drawn leaf . One is led to speculate that the Biblical representation in these three drawings is perhaps,associational material triggered by the target. The inability on Geller's part to draw the devil may be Culturally induced. 26 Approved For Release 2001103107 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Lij LLJ cc w uj 0 w < tLj 0 < U- 27 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 ,A 0 w cr U) w 0 CL w cz cc LU LU z LL) 0 w (3 Cl) w 01: D 0 LL F- 11 28 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For R@lease @001/03/07 CL r .................................................................................................... 96-00787ROO07001 00001 -5 uj 0 n LO w ui uj w D CL w U- Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001103107 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 With re@,Tard to tile taroget picture) Geller did draw the trident from the target picture.7 but lie did not draw tile mall @%-Jlo was holding it. From this it seems clear that Geller does not (simply copy lilies from the tartget picture, but raLlier lie apparently performs some mental pro@ cossing before drawing them. The second target picture was drawn by all experimenter while lie was inside tile shielded room with Geller outside the root-ft with another experimenter. In this case the target [Figure 14(a).] was a representa- tion of the solar system. His immediate verbal reaction before drawing was one of "space." Geller's drawn response to the target while outside the room [Figure 111(b)j coincides well with the target drawing. The block in the center of Geller's picture, according to his statement, was his afterthought suggested by the movie 2001 and was drawn as an addition just before comparing target with response. Monday, 6 Aul-ust-The experiment to be done this day -was a pure clairvoyance task. A picture was drawn by a scientist outside the usual experimental group. The picture was locked in the shielded room before Geller's arrival at SRI. Geller was then led by the experimenters to the shielded room, and asked to draw the picture inside the room. Ile drew a number of pictures, all of which lie rejected as not being appli- cable. Ile said that lie got no clear impression and passed. The target was a rabbit, and nothing Geller drew in any way resembled a rabbit. It should be added that the picture was drawn by a scientist of whom Geller is not fond, and Geller asked at the outset if this was the case. The experimenters said that this was not the case, since they did not know who had drawn the picture. Geller felt vindicated to some extent when lie found out that his initial guess as to the artist had been correct. TUesday, 7 AugUSt-This day two target pictures were attempted with Geller in the shielded room. Ile was connected to all EEG apparatus to allow measurement of his brain waves at the time that he was attempting to perceive a hidden picture. The two target pictures were a tree and all envelope. Ile experienced difficulty, did not make a drawing that corresponded to either drawing, and passed. Also, lie found it very difficult to hold adequately still to make good EEG records. The same skeptical experimenter who drew the rabbit was the EEG operator on this second unsuccessful day. 30 0787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001103107 : CIA-RDP96-0 Approved For Release 2001101ko@@ -RDP96-'00787ROO0700100001-5 fa) TARGET .04@ i,4 I? fg?? (b) RESPONSE FIGURE 14 TARGET 4 (SOLAR SYSTEM) AND GELLER'S RESPONSE 31 Approved For Release 2001103107 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 4P,Pr,P-MPO, Fpr@Releas&2001103107s: GlA--RDP9&1OW97ROO07O&-tOOOO1 -5 o f th i s clay' s N@;(-) rk. In the first) the e\POril"Onters closed the Outer doOr of the laborItOrY it' which the shielded room is located (ill addi- tion to the. inner double (1001-S) and worked in an adjoining room. The 1 111, tar-ot picture in this case was a camol. Geller felt uts e and passed, but his first choice drawing was a horso (see Figure 15). The experimenters then returned to the room outside the shielded room and drow the second pictUre, which \-.,as the Golden Gate Bridge [ F ig,u re 16 ( -,I) I .Geller inside the shielded room drew "some curved lines with some squares undo 1-neath [Figure 16(b)]. Ile said that he didn't kno,w what the picture was and passed. The third picture was a flying seagull. Geller said almost imme- cliatolv that he saw a flying swan over a hill. Ile drew several birds and said that lie was sure that his drawing was correct, which it was (Figure 17). Experiments were conducted in the shielded room for six days; good results were obtained On four of the days when there was no openly skeptical observer present. Thursday, 9 AugList-The experiments were moved to S111's Engineering Building in order to make use of the computer facilities available. After Geller was secured in a shielded room about 150 feet clown the hall and around a corner from the computer room and placed under continuous monitoring, a picture of a kite was drawn on the face of the TV screen driven by the computer's graphics program. Shortly after Geller was notified that the picture had been drawn, lie had the computer room called to determine if the target picture was a geometric picture or an object. By talking to an intermediary, who was ignorant of the target picture, we told him that it was an object. Geller's first drawing in this case was a square with the diagonals drawn in. Ile then also drew some trian- gular airplanes and passed. His first drawing was a good representation of the actual target picture (Figure 18). Friday, 10 AugList--Two pictures were drawn and stored in the com- puter memory so that no visible evidence was available in the computer room after the Picture was drawn. The first picture was a chLirch. The Picture was drawn and stored in the memory of the computer. Geller's responses are shown in the attached collection of drawings (Figure 19). It appears that both of 32 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved F (a) TARGET i i (b) RESPONSE FIGURE 15 TARGET 5 (CAMEL) AND GELLER'S RESPONSE 33 3100001-5 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Iz- (a) TARGET 1b) RESPONSE FIGURE 16 TARGET 6 (GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE) AND GELLER'S RESPONSE 34 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 ul 0 w ul cc 0 LU n- ui -i -i LU U- .............................. ...................................................................... LLJ LLJ LLI (9 cc cr D (D U- F" Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 (a) TARGET (b) RESPONSE FIGURE 18 TARGET 8 (KITE ON CRT DISPLAY) AND GELLER'S RESPONSE 36 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 (a) TARGET (W RESPONSE 1 @jj_ T--T\ (c) RESPONSE 2 FIGURE 19 TARGET 9 (CHURCH, STORED IN MEMORY OF TEXT-EDITING COMPUTER) AND GELLER'S RESPONSES 37 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 PAGE101 (k3j DY - Y6 MISSING Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001/03107 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 C State!llent of V"ork (1) By @,.-orkin- with gifted Z, Subjects and SRI-1generated target matorials,, SRI will measure the accuracy of remote view- ing* as a function of such variables as length of viewing timc@ tar(@I,et distance, and target complexity. Based on the data accumulated, SRI will attempt to define the characteristics of the information channel In terms of bit rate, resolution, and other parameters of interest. In order to determine the limits of the remote viewing ability, both pictorial and geographic target material will be used. (2) In order to discriminate against the possibility of an unknown experimenter/subject leakage channel, for some experiments the client will provide geographical targets unknown to the experimenters to ensure that the subject uses only a remote viewing channel in his determination of the nature of the target. (3) Follo%,,,ing a lead provided by work at'another laboratory in which a subject could identify pictorial material even if the picture was only "mentally projected" onto a card in a sealed envelope , SRI will study -the use of pictorial target material with a decreasing density scale from clearly visible to invisible in order to ineasure the accuracy of perception as a function of target density. (4) The EEG portion of the program will be directed toward the determination of physiological correlates of accurate remote viewing. Based on previous work, SRI will inves- tigate in detail the possibility that the frequency shift in the alpha peak can be used as a measure to gauge the reliability of perception of a remote stimulus. This and other measures that may become available during the course Of Study will be made available as feedback to the s ubject to determine whether such information can be used to en- hance discrimination between correct viewing of a remote scene and false information. (5) SRI will continue and expand Our Study with subjects whose EEG patterns show direct frequency correlations with the flicker frequency of a remote stimulus. We will determine whether Such a (generally unconscious) perception channel has sufficient reliability to serve as a possible communi- cation channel. If continuing positive results accrue;, we will determine the effects of shielding and distance on the efficiency of this channel. Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 (6) The effect; Of the illtl'OCILICtiOn Of I)ersons at the rcillotely viewed target locations will be investigated to determine possible enhancomont or degradation of signal-to-noise ratio. (7) In view of the exploratory nature of the program@ 15 percent of the effort will be set aside to explore,, with the client's cognizance, avenues of research other than those listed and that may surface durin g the course of the program. SPZI proposes to provide approximately 28 man-months of professional effort with appropriate support toward accomplishment of the foregoing. D. Reporting Schedule Brief monthly progress letters will be delivered the tenth day of each contract month, following the previous month's activity. A final technical report will be delivered 13 months after the commencement date of the contract. Throughout this program the investigators plan to remain in close telephonic communication with the client. 42 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001103107 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO070010000i.5 IV QUALIFICATION'S OF STANFORD RE'SEARCH INSTITUTE Stanford Research Institute is -,in independent, nonprofit organiza- tion performing a broad spectrum of rcsearch under contract to business, industry, and government. The Institute, which was formerly affiliated with Stanford University, was founded in 1946. Its operations include the physical and life sciences, industrial and development economics, management systems, engineering systems, electronics and radio sciences, information sciencel urban and social systems, and various combinations of disciplines within these fields. Stanford Research Institute has no endowment; payments by clients under research contracts and grants =iount.to approximately $70 million annually and are used to cover all operating costs. Such revenue also helps the Institute maintain the excellence of its research capabilities. SRI's facilities include more than one million square feet of office and laboratory space and incorporate the most advanced scientific equip- ment., including unique instrumentation developed by the staff. The bulk of these facilities and most of the research staff are located at the Institute's headquarters in Menlo Park, California. Regional office locations include Washington, D.C.,,-New York City; Chicago; Houston; and Los Angeles. Of SRI's total staff of 2600, approximately one-half are in profes- sional and technical categories. Some z1OO members of the professional staff have Ph.D. or equivalent degrees; 600 others haVe their Master's degree. The project leader and other research personnel who would be active in the proposed work are members of the Electronics and Bioengineering Laboratory. This group currently occupies 40,000 square feet of labora- tory space, divided into many separate laboratory rooms, technicians' work areas, a machine shop, and a computer room housing a LIINC-8 and related terminals and equipment. In addition., a well-equipped computa- tion center is available. The Electronics and Bioetiginecring Laboratory employs a number of tcchnicians and engineering assistants and has available electronics material and test equipment useful in the development and testing of 43 Approved For Release 2001103/07 : CIA-RDP96.00787RO0070010000'-5 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 the Le@lching 111,1chines. 1_spccially suited to the \vork described in the, proposal jrc a number of shielded rooms with various instrumentation a va i In 1) 10 - I Finally, a backup team of psychologists and statisticians can be brought into the project cn an internal counsulting basis. The proposed research will be conducted by SRI staff members within the Flectronics and Bioengincering Laboratory under the management of its directorp Mr. Earle Jones. The principal investigator will be Dr. Harold Puthoff. Mr. Russell Targ, of the Electronics and Bioengineering Laboratory and Dr. Charles Rebert, a neuro-physiologist in SRI's Life Sciences Division will be co-investigators. Professor Gerold Feinberg of Columbia University and Professor Charles Tart of the University of California may be called upon to act as consultants throughout this program. In addition to the scientific personnel directly engaged in the research aspects of this investigation, Stanford Research Institute has established an internal technical advisbry board. This board con- sists of several dire.ctors of SRI's operating divisions, together with our legal counsel, all under the chairmanship of the senior vice president for research. It is the function of this advisory board not only to make recommendat ions and approve or disapprove every new direction taken by the Institute in this research area but to monitor related ongoing projects as well. 44 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 -Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 EARLE D. JONES, DIRECTOR ELECTRONIC'S AND BILOENGINEER11,11G LABORATORY INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING DIVISION SpeciaZized professional competence Analysis and design of electronic-optical systems; design of television systems; facsimile systems, including bandwidth compression; electro- static printing Representative research assignments at SRI (since.1956) Character generator for high-speed electrostatic printer Delay line scanning techniques High-density photographic recording of television information Bandwidth reduction study for satellite cloud photographs Design of bandwidth reduction system for facsimile Development of communication line equalization system using automatic transversal filters Color"facsimile systems with electrostatic printing Design of a new frequency synthesizer Other professional eXperience Student engineer, Boeing Company; microwave airborne radar Designer, Square D. Company; electrical equipment design Academic background B.S. in electrical engineering (1956), Georgia Institute of Technology; M.S. in electrical engineering (1958), Stanford University Publications and patents "A Versatile Character Generator with Digital Input," 1959 IRE: WESCON Conv. Rec. "Character Generator for Digital Computers," Electronics (February 1960) Six patents in electronic circuitry, character generators, frequency synthesizers, and electrostatic printing systems Professiona@ associations and honors Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Optical Society of America Society for Motion Picture and Television Engineers Eta Kappa Nu Phi Kappa Phi Tau Beta Pi Phi Eta Sigma 45 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001103107 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO07001 00001 -5 0 Iir1r. L A BOR 'AT 0 PY 7 :,' ':' I, -, I @,), ;, 7,: C @ SC, N S oil - r, El GI,@EERING DI@ I I proFessionaZ coripetence Tunal)lc laser research and develoDment; quantum electronics; electron @)eam devices; biofecdhack and bioi'ieasurement research FI:@r,rese7ztative reseavch assigrunents Development of tunable ultraviolet laser source for pollution studies an'@ medical research Develoz)-nent of high-power -tunable infrared laser source (50-250 microns) for mazerials research Assessment Of potential of fiber optics and lasers for use in optical Computers Development of biofeedback monitors (GSR) for use in educational com- iDuters and other man-machine links Research and development in biofield measurements Ot@er professional experience Research associate, Hansen Laboratories of Physics and lecturer, DeDartment of '-'Electrical Engineering, Stanford University (1967-71); ,@eaching, textbook author, and research supervisor of Ph.D. candidates in -he area of lasers and nonlinear optics Consultant on aDDlication of'lasers to industrial and medical problems and research assistant, Stanford University (1963-67) Lt., USNR (1960-63); in-house research and con-tract monitoring on DOD (@ISA) contracts concerned with the dqvelopment of ultra high-speed (GEz) computers Research engineer, Sperry Electronic Tube Division and Sperry Fellow, University of Florida (1958-60); design and testing of electron bean, focusing syste ms for use in microwave tubes background B.E.E. (1958) and M.S.E. (1960), University of Florida; Ph.D. in electrical engineering (1967), Stanford University =u;,-'ications and patents Coauthor of textbook, FundainentaZs of Quantum Electronics, Wiley; 2 reference book contriL)utions; 23 papers in professional journals; 14 national symposium papers; numerous technical reports 2 oatents associations and honors Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; Sigma Tau; Phi Kappa Phi; Phi Eta Sigma; Sigma Xi 46 Approved For Release 2001103107 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO07001 00001 -5 Approved For Release 2001103107 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 PUBLICATIONS OF HAROLD E. PUTHOFF W. W. PUtersoll and It. E. Puthoff, "A Theoretic-,11 Study of Jail plasma Oscilla_ tiOns," I" Elect- L'U'licCs, Vol. ED-6, P. 372 (1959). 11. E. Fluthoff Crossed-Field Focusing of it Hollow Cylindrical Electron Beam 1M.S. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (Januilry 1960). A. D. Sutherland et al. On the Use of Periodic Electrostatic Focusing in Klystrons," presented at Int. Congress on 11%licrowave Tubes, Munich, West Germany (June 1960). Also presented at 18th Conf. oil Electron Tube Research., Seattle, Washington (June 1960). 11. E. Puthoff, "Design of a Crossed-Field Electron Gun," presented at 18th Calif. on Electron Tube Research, Seattle, Washington (June 1960). 11 ff. E. Puthoff, "Scaling Matrix for the Analog Computer, NSA Tech. Jour., Vol. 7 (1962). J. T. Tippett and 11. E. Puthoff, "The Status of Optical Logic Elements for '1@ -oc. m 1, Pasadena, Cali- Nanosecond Computer Systems Pi Pacific Co-uter Conf., fornia (11.1a-rch 1963). Also published in NS-A. Tech. Jour., Vol. 8 (1963). 11 11. E. Puthoff, R. H. Pantell, and B. G. Ifuth, Tunability of the Raman Laser , J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 37, p. 86b (1966). R. If. Pantell et al., Mode Coupling in ail External Raman Resonator Appl_. Phys.. Letters, Vol. 9, p. 104 (1966). 11 B. G. Huth et al., Characteristics of the Stimulated Raman Effect in ail external Resonator," Proc. Sixth Int. Conf. on Microwave and Optical Generation and Amplification, Cambridge, En.-land (September 1966). Quantitative Study of the Stimulated Raman Effect Using an Off- Axis Resonator," IEEE J. Quant. Elect., Vol. QE-2, P. 763 (1966). ff R. Pantell et al., Theoretical and Experimental Values for Two, Three, and Four Photon Absorptions," J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 46, p. 3507 (1967).* If. E. Puthoff et al. , 11 Near-Forward Raman Scattering in LiNbO 3) " J. Appl. Phys., Vol, 39, p. 2144 (1968). If. E. Puthoff The Stimulated Raman Effect , Its Application as a Tunable and Laser," Ph.D. Thesis, Stanford University, Stanford, California (June 1967). R. H. Pantell, G. Soncini, and It. E. Puthoff, "Stimulated Photon-Electron Scattering," IEEE J. Quant. Elect., Vol. QE-4, p. 903 (1968). J. Gelbwachs et al., "A Tunable Stimulated Raman Oscillator," Appl. Phys. Letters, Vol. 14, p. 258 (1969). 47 Approved For Release 2001103107 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 J. 1M. Yarborough et al., "Efficient Tunable Optical Emission from N1Nb03 without a Resollator," Appl. Phys. Letters, Vol. 15, 1). 102 (1969). S. S. Sussman et al., "A New Source of Tunable Optical and Infrared Radiation.." Proc, Polvtechnic Institute of Brooklyn International Symposium of Sub@!iillimeter @@=, New York, New York Warch 1960). B. C. Johnson et al. , 11 Power and Linewidth of Tunable Stimulated Far IR Emission in LiNbO3i" Appl. 11hys. Letters, Vol. 18, p. 181 (1970). E. Anizallag et al., "Stimulated Raman and Polariton Scattering in L1103110 J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 43, p. 3251 (1971). D. L. Hecht et al., "Dye Lasers With Ultrafast Transverse Flow," IEEE J. Quant. Elect., Vol. QE-8, P. 15 (1672). H. Puthoff and 11. 11. Pantell, Fundamentals of Quantum Electronics (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Now York, New York, 1969). Published in Russian by Mir Publishing House, Moscow, 1972. 48 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO07001 00001 -5 SCIE'aq= T 10 SCIENCE `4 A' -AR C IALYST LABORATORY AND ENGINIEETZIING D VISION S @eci' a-l,,3ed professiona@ comoetence Author of mathematics textbooks; curricula developer and author of comDuter-assisted instruction courses I Pepresentative research assignments at SRI Survey and analysis of instructional technology for ARPA Development of curricula for Educational Laboratory at SRI Organized a continuing regional seminar on computer-assisted instruction Other professionaZ experience Mathematics teacher for secondary school students, elementary school students, and teachers PartIcipated in development of elementary school mathematics.text- book series Sets and Numbers Writer-in-chief for computer-assist-ed instruction project to teach mathematics at Brent-,,Tood (elementary) School Project leader, curriculum author Of project to teach computer pro- gramming to ghetto high school students via computer-assisted instruction Research associate, Institute for Mathematical Studies in the Social Science, Stanford University (1963-71) A .1icaden?ic background B.A. in mathematics (1962), Middlebury College; M.A.T. in secondary mathematics education (1963), Harvard University PubZications Coauthor, junior-high school textbook series Sets, Numbers, and 'Systems; "CAI for Elementary Computer Programming: SIMPER, LOGO, and BASIC," Technical Report, Stanford University; coauthor of several SRI reports 49 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-0,0787ROO07001 00001 -5 .@.pproved For Release 2001103107 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 n"OJ-D'T SUPERVISop "I 1,@ 7011 D Pro--@ssionaZ co@-petence Physiological psychology, L esDecally the relationshis between electro- physiology and behavior; DC Do-tl-entials; snale and muiltiDle units; ,e,,nl cal b r ai ri St4, animal behavior; electrical and ch 11 perj, montal design and statistics '.ulation; ex - Representative research assigments at SF,1 (since 11068) * Development of human EEG laboratory * Development of mosquito olfaction laboratory * Studies on DC potentials in humans, monkeys, and cats * Spreading depression in the brain * Olfactory-trigeminal interactions * DC and multiple unit responses * Electrophysiology of paranormal perception Other proj-essiona'I experience Research assistant, Division of EEG and Neurophysiology, Department of Psychiatry, The-University of Iowa Instructor, University of California Extension; courses included Introductory Psychology; The Electrical Activity of the Brain; Man and His Brain. A Survey Academic background A.B. (1961) dnd NI.A. (1964) in T)sycholory, San Diego State College; Ph.D. in physiological psychology (1968), the University of Iowa PubZ@cations . Author of.22 scientific publications Professional associations ~ American EEG Society ~ Neuroscience Society 50 ApProved For Release 2001103107 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 PIJBLICATION'@ OF CIIARLES REBERT D. A. J. R. Knott, D. W. McAdam, ind C. S. Rebort, "Motivational Determinants of tile 'Contingent N'Lgative Variationy" E'lectrooncoph. Clin. Nouroph,ysiol., Vol. 21, pp.538-5,13 (196(3) . D. W. McAdam@, D. A. Irwiny C. S. Robert, and J. R. Knott, "Conative Control of the Con- tingent Negative Variation," Elect rorneeph . Clin. NourophYsiol, Vol. 21, pp. 154-155 (1966). C. S. Robert, D. W. McAdam J. It. Knott, and D. A. Irwin, "Slow Potential Change in Human Brain Related to Level of Motivation," J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol., Vol. 63, pp. 20-23 (1967) . D. AV. McAdamy J. R. Knott, and C. S. Robert, "Cortical Slow Potential Changes in Man related to Intorstimulus Interval and to Pre-Trial Prediction of Interstimulus Interval," a 11svehonhysiology, Vol. 5) pp. 349-358 (1969). J. Kaplan and C. S. Robert, "The Effect of Pressurized Air in Establishing Discriminative Ecspoiise Suppression in Stump-Tailed MacaqUes," Behavior Rosoarch Methods and Instrumenta- tion, Vol. ri, pp. 2(32-263 (1959). C. S. Robert) "D. C. and MUltiplo Unit Recording in Lateral Geniculate Body of the Caty" Proc. Americ'-111 Ps-vchological Association Convention, Vol. 77, pp. 215-216 (1969). C. S. Robert and D. A. Irwin, "Slow Potential Changes in Cat Brain During Appetitive and Aversive Classical Conditioning of Jaw Movement," Electro(@,ncoph. Clin. NeUrophysiol., Vol. 27, T)p. 152-161 (19139). D. .1. 1r,.-.-in and C. S. Robert, "Slow Potential Chinges in Cat Brain DUring Classical Anpotitive Conditioning of Jaw Movemcnt Using Two Levels of Reward," Electroonceph. Clin. Nell rophv@; iol Vol. 28 pp. 119-126 (1970). C. S. Robert "Spreading Depression in Squirrel MonRey Lissencephalic Cortex," PhYsiol. and Behav., Vol. 51 pp. 239-241 (1970). C. S. Robert and J. It. Knott, "The Vertex Non-Specific Evoked Potential and Latency of Contingent Ne@ative Variation," Eloctroenceph. Clin. Nourophysiol.y Vol. 28, pp. 561-565 (1970). 11. Stone and C. S. Robert, "Obse rva t ions on Olfactory and Trigeminal Interactions," Brain Re,icarch, Vol. 21, pp. 138-142 (1970). C. S. Rebert "The Effect of Reaction Time Feedback on Reaction Time and Contingent Negative %',-iriation," P,;vchophv:@ioIoi:,,v, Vol. 9, pp. 33,1-339 (1972). C. S. Robert "Cortical and Subcortical Slo%k Potentilils in tile Morikey's Brain DUring a Pr,eparatory Interval," Electroenceph. Clin. Nourophvciol.y Vol. 33@ pp. 389--102 (1972). E. D. Dziviq and C. S. Robei@t, 'Icnionts of OlfactorN Receptor Coding in the Yellow Fever " J. Mo@quito, E-con.-Ent-nmol., Vol. 65 pp. 1058-1061 (1972). G. T. Steinmetz and C. S. Robert., "Po@,t-Reinforccmont Changes of Steady Potentials in Pr-omotor Cortex of Monkov,;," Phyf;i0l . Beh@iv., Vol. 9, pp. 769-772 (1973) 51 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 .Approved For Release 2001/03107 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 C. .9. iZubcl-L ond K. G. Sperry, "@it 1,V 11)ject'v(@ Determinants of C. '19 - 1,1,1 ( 197 3) A:T@plitLUIC," Vol. 10, pp. 11 C. S. Robert, "A Techn i (lite for Sill!UltaneOLIS of DC all(] Multiple Unit Responses", ElectroellcQpli. Clin. Nutlropli.vslol., Vol. 34, pp. 32.1-:326 (1973). C. S. Robert and D. A. Irwin, "SiUlpIC 1710CtrOCIC COnfi-'UratiOn for Chl-OniC 01- ACUtQ Record- ing of DC Potential,; from Subcortical Nuclei of the Brain,," Electroenceph. Clin, Nouroplivsiol. Vol. 34, pp. 140-442 (1973). C. S. Robert 11 SOMe Elements of a General Cerebral System Related to CNV Genesis," IV. C. McCallum and J. R. Knott (eds.). Event Related Slow Potontialq of the Brain: Rela-tion-to BQliaviov, Amsterdam: Elsevier (1973, in press). C. S. Rebert and J. J. Tecce, "A Summary of CNV and Reaction Time, in W. C. McCallum and J. R. Knott (eds.), Event Related Slow Potentitils of the Etrain: Their Relation to Behavior, Ams terdam: Elsevier (1973, in press). C. S. Hebert "Further Analysis of CN`V and Reaction Time," Elect roenceph. Clin. NeurophYsiol. Abstract (1973, in press). C. S. Rebert 11 Slow Potential Correlates of Neuronal Population Responses in the Cat's Lateral Geniculate XUCIOUS," Elect roencepli . Clin. Ncurophysiol., Vol. 35, pp. 511-515 (1973). C. S. Rebert, "Slow Potential Changes in the Monkey's Brain During Reaction Time Foreperiod," in W. C. McCallum and J. R. Knott (eds.) Third Congress on Event Related Slow Potential.,3 (1974, in press). C. S. Reberty G. 1'. Pryor, and J. Scliae.ffor, "Slow Cortical Potential Consequence of Electroconvulsive Shock in Rats," Physlol. Behav. (1974, in press). C. S. Rebert@ R. Berry, and J. Morlo) "DC Potential CO11SCqUenCeS Of Induced Muscle Tension: Fffect- on Contingent Negative Variation," in V,. C. McCallum and J. R. Knott (eds.) Third Congress on Event Related Slow Potentials (1974, in press). 52 in Th e i r Approved For Release 2001103107 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 C:. S. RebOrt and K. G. Sperry, "Sul)'j"tive "Ild 'Zesponsc-llolatcd 1)0t0t'mi11antS Of CW A-111itu(te", PsV(-h0p11yqi01o'-'y, 1,101. 10, pp. L@39-144 (1973). C. S. Robert, "A 'reoinique for Simultaneous Mon -,;u ,Omen t of DC and j@]Ultil)lo Unit Responses, Eloctroonceph. Clin. ',NeuroP11YSl0l-, Vol. 34, pp. 32.1-326 (1973). C. S. Robert and D. A. Trwin, "Siriple ElCctrOd0 Configuration for Chronic or Acute Record- in)- of DC Potent 'ials from Subcorti Cal Nuclei of the Brain," Electroonceph. Clin. Nourophysiol., ,)J. pp. 4,10-1,12 (1973@. C. S. Rebort, "Some Elements of a General Cerebral System Related to CN%1 Genesis," in Mcca I I als of Y". C. . um and J. R. Knott (ods.) EventIRelated Slow Potenti, the Brain: Their Relation to Bohiivior, Amsterdam: Elsevier (@1973, in press). C. S. Rebort and J. J. Tocce, "A Summary OfntNV and Reaction Time, in IV. C. McCallum and J. R. Knott (eds.). Event Related Slow Poto ials of the Brain: Their Relation to BLhavior, ..'Unsterdam: Elsevier (1973, in press). C. S. Robert, "Further Analysis of CNV and R action Time," Flectroenceph, Clin. Nouropbystol., Abstract (1973, in press). C. S. Rebort, "Slow Potential Correlates of eullonal Population Responses in the Cat's Lateral Geniculato Nucleus," ElLctroonceph. Ilin. INQUrophvsiol., %'ol. 35, pp. 511-513 (1973). C. S. Robert, "Slow Potential Changes in the @Nlonkey's Brain During Reaction Time Foreperiod," in IV. C. McCallum and J. R. Knott (eds.) Thir@ Congress on Fvent Related Slow Potentials (1974, in press). I C. S. Robert, G. T. Pryor, and J. Schaeffor, I' Slow Cortical Potential Consequence of Electroconvulsive Shock in Rats," Physiol. Betriv. (1974, in press). C. S. Rebert, R. Berry, and J. Merlo, DC Po+tial Consequences of Effects on Contingent -Negative Variat on, n V C. McCallum and J. Conc@ress on Event Related Slow Potentials (1 914,' in press). 52 Induced Muscle Tension: 11. Knott (eds.) Third Approved For Release 2001103/@7 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 ,'Approved For Release 20011031 7 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 SE'@ @ T C)P, TARG, - RESEAFC11 PJJYSIC ST ELECTRONICS AND BIOENGINEERING LAMR TORY !N' FO T 1014 SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING IVISIO,@j SpeciaZized professiona@ competence I Development of new gas lasers; FN laser and supermode laser techniques; laser noise reduction; optical modulation and demo-dulation; experi- ments in new gaseous laser media; microwave diagnostic techniques; microwave generation from plasmas Professional experience Sylvania Corporation (1962-72); investigation of techniques for development of new gas lasers, making use of his research with com- pact, self-contained multi-kilowatt C02 lasers Technical Research Group (1959-62); experiments in new gaseous laser media Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn; assisted in the establishment of the Electron Beam Laboratory Sperry Gyroscope Company, Electron Tube Division (1956-59), experi- mental work in microwave genera-Lion from plasmas; early work in the technology of ultrahigh-vacuum and ion-pump design Academic background B.S. in physics (195L@), Queens College, New York; graduate work in physics (1954-56), Columbia University, New York Pubtications and inventions Author of "OD-Lical Heterodyne Detection of Microwave-Modulated Light," Proc. _TEEE (1964); coauthor of numerous articles on lasers and plasma oscillations Invention of the tunable plasma oscillator at microwave frequencies Professional associations and honors IEEE,; American Physical Society; The Optical Society of America Awarded the position of research associate with the Polytechnic Insti- tute of Brooklyn 53 Approved For Release 2001103107 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 ,Approved For Release 2001103107 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 PUBLICATIONS 017 RUSSELL TARG R. Targr and L. 11. Levine, "Bac1tward-W, ave Osc,11, at,olls 11a yst m 11 @ S e Composed of all Electron Beam and a Hydrogen Gas Plasma , J. of Appl. Phys.;P Vol. 32, No. 4) pp. 731-737 (April 1961). M. Ettenberg and R. Targ, "Observations of Plasma and Cyclotron OscjlIat4 ions, Proc. of the Symposium oil Electronic Waveguides, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn@ Now York (April 8-10, 1958). 13. Rabinowitz, S. Jacobs, R. Targ, and G. Gould, "Honodyne Detection of Phase- Modulated Light," Proc. IRE, Vol. 50, No. 11 (November 1962). G. Grosof and R. Targ, "Enhancement ill hlerCLIry-Krypton ard Xenon-Krypton Gaseous Discharges," Appl. Optics., Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 299-302 (March 1963). It R. Targ, "Optical Heterodyne Detection of Microwave-ModUlated Light , Proc. IEEE (Corr es pondence), pp. 303-304 (March 1964). R. Taxg, D. E. Caddes, and B. J. McMurtry. "The Traveling-Wave Phototube. Part II: Experimental Analysis "I IEEE Trans. on Electron Devices., Vol. ED-111 pp. 16.1-170 (April 1964). S. E. Harris and R. Targ, 'IFNI Oscillation of the fle-Ne Laser," App. Phys. Letters, Vol. 5, No. 10, pp. 20@-204 (15 November 1964). R. Ta_rg, G. A. Massey, and S. E. Harris, "Laser Frequency Translation by Means of Electro-Optic Coupling Control," Proc. IEEE (correspondence), Vol. 52, No. 10, pp. 1247-1248 (October 1964). R. Targ and W. D. Bush, "Automatic Frequency Control of a Laser Local Oscillator for the Heterodyne Detection of Microwave-Modulated Light," Appl. Optics) Vol. 4. No. 11, pp. 523-1527 (December 1965). G. A. Massey, M. K. Oshman, and R. Targ, "Generation of Single-Frequency Light Using thc . FNI, Laser," Appl. Phys. Letters, Vol. 6;P No. 1. pp. 10-11 (January 1965). L. M. Osterink and R. Targ, "Single-Frequency Light from an Argon FINI Laser , Appl. Phys. Letters, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp, 115-117 (Februaxy 1967). R. Targ-and J. M. French Stabilization of a He-Ne Laser," Proc. IEEE, Vol. 55Y No. 7, pp. 1185-1192 (July 1967). L. M. Osterink and R. Targ, "Single-Frequency Light Using the SUper-Mode Tech- nique with an Argon I'M Laser "I Proc. of the Symposium on Modern Optics, Poly- technic Institute of Brooklyn, New York (Itia-rch 22-24, 1967). R. Taxg and L. M. Osterink, "Frequency Stabilization Rnd Quieting of the FM Laser," 1967 WESCON Convention Record, San Francisco, California. R. Targ and J. M. Ya-rborough, "Mode-Locked Quieting of the He-Ne and Argon Lasers," Appl. Phys. Letters, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 3-4 (1 January 1968). 54 Approved For Release 2001103107 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 Approved For Release 2001103107 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0700100001-5 D. E. Caddes, L. M- OstCrink, and R. Targ, "Mode-Lockill, of the CO Laser, Appl. Phys. Lettel-s' Vol. 12, No, 3, pp. 74-76 (1 February 1968). 2 R. Targ, J. M, Yarborough, and j. Nj. French, Suppression in the Argon FM Laser," IEEE J. 644-6,13 (October 1963). "Frequency Stabilization and No13e of QuRnt. Elect.) Vol. QE-4, pp. to W. B, Tiffany, R. Targ, and J. D. Foster, "Kilowatt CO 2 Gas-Transport Laser Appl. Phys. Letters, Vol. 15, No. 3 (1969). W. B. Tiffany, and R. Targ, "The Gas-Transport Laser--A New Class of High-Power Electro-Optic Devices "I Laser Focus, pp. 48-50 (September 1969). R. Targ and W. B, Tiffanyj "Gain and Saturation in Transve:,se Flowing C02-N 2- lie Mixtures Appl. Phys. Letters, Vol. 15, No. 9 (1 November 1969). S. E. Schwarz, T. A. deTemple, and R, Targ, "High Pressure Pulsed Xenon LaBer , Appl, Phys. Letters, Vol. 17, No. 7 (1 October 1970). J. D. Taynai, It. Targ, and IV. B. Tiffany, "An Investigation of Tellurium for Frequency Doubling with C02 Lasers," IEEE J. of Quant. Elect., Vol. QE-7 (8 August 1971). R. Targ and M. W. Sasnett ', "Ifigh Repetition Rate Xenon Laser with Transverse Excitation," IEEE J. of.Quant. Elect., Vol. QE-8, pp. 166-169 (February 1972). R. Targ and M. W. Sasnett, "Xenon-ffeliUm Laser at Ifigh Pressure and High Repeti- 11 tion Rate, Appl. Phys. Letters, Vol. 191 No. 12 (15 December 1971). R. Targ, "Pulsed Nitrogen Laser at High Repetition Rate, IEEE J. of Quant. .Elect., Vol. QE-8, pp. 726-728 (August 1972). R. Targ and D. Hurt, "Learning Clairvoyance and Precognition with an Extrasensory Perception Teaching Machine Parapsychology Review, pp. 9 (July 1972). 55 Approved For Release 2001103107 : CIA-R.DP96-00787ROO0700100001-5