9-LOO0900OUOON68LOO-96d(3N-VlO : LOICOMOZ OSBOIGN JO=l PGAoiddV a C) A -.111 SV-13 .11cl) WIG I.A.1 I NdOJON/13H33S . . . . .. . . . . .. . A"INO S-T3NNVH.) TlddliS VIA 3-laNVII 13T 0 - HOIJ NOW W N "NOLLWT-IVA3 H.'T,,jVT.) (G.J_S/S) .9 -NOliVf`l-M,')3 OC"LLS/S) i -buTi..pA.Ji'.`)Aa UMOP bLJ-fqj..AM uo j,)e)-.-)ej-d sy-m UMOP all:.Am @.JTE--..ajD BLIJ ..Ar) -,,Il0Ll 1:3.rp -Incl t43TUJ,,' Dill, U 'I Lire JXIOCJIO@ PBAEDPI.Jom n-S - -,'g 0 Lia LIMOLIS), [RA@!-.j PE@-,!O.PS. T. W flRsauc) o-.1. moLl J-C) W3TAJ8AQ U?. pLm 1, :1 -.1)? (J @q p 4 '11 A, -3 U 'r. Ll 0 T. S 5 Y-1 D S 1: p Ll 0 1 E 5--.; s -1. .1, c-@, d e @A t 6n.p. .Ic)t..l laa-fs o-- IME P@@)M J u v -1 e safjT.;..,d 1,@TUTb-[.A) BLIJ PUY-1(3.1- ujo, ::jDv?qpa@-2,- pt"JAli:3D.A@@d -4UT.C-)C:l EDUO 71A? ZgC) C-I'l V, -e st -4-!: se ":1.1, 4eq-:t -,DAT.,Jp LID-ILIM F37@-[,S SlLfj Io- iFEIP-1spo unumo::3 J aq o-j s.,tvailciv jnq '(04'@S aLj@. J.OLI ST LJOTLIM) -sauc) a-p:jt-uia:3s.[p ou pur? aj.-Fs aq,.j +c.) M.iv?w pvq ZS-o Si`4 I'D UBUJ@ Ll v?--) T sA Ll,j QN. C, J. N 3 W kl 0 D G 14:3 -A-[uo sa-.j.eu-ip)-4ooD pajdA..4.)Liq., ;;ONT'113@4,1. d3tl-IA (CLLS/1@11.9) Is@...w-u[ ie.,)zict\j aLl.t.) aq.[s BLI-.1. F.@Cj-!..4--lSBf3 C.)j "IS' w (CLIS/53) T -d,-,TL:-ll.LN3GI Li--]M'3I,/) A @.13 A EE) 0 -10 0 H.. 1. W 04@ @:Jvw -180c!" ',@ ..-JO 31 V 01 06 ',-.IVW T(.) @INOITTM, -JO 3-1-k-3-1 -.3 1: U@39WFIN NOPSEETE; (5LIJ.) -,:"qj.',.o -,,,J3RWF!N (13A IOANI SCIORL3W (INV 9338FIOG 30N391-1-131NI -33110N E)NIWVM NFIS 1.3'"'I.CM]d M@11-10N / 13,IJ3---...IS L000900OUOON68LOO-96d(3N-VlO: LOICOMOZ OSBOIGN JO=l PGAoiddV CPYRG N THE PAMPA FLOOR birds fly, whales swim, and other crea tu'res crawl and creep. Many of 0 their forms closely resemble the fig- ures oil Nazca pots. Ceramic representation of a killer whale (below), created near the end of tile third century A.D., shares the sinuous form of a figure scribed in tile desert (right). Stylized human heads, trophies of a Nazca head- hunting cult, band the side of the potter's whale. Other pots render a head dangling below the whale's body, as the drawing does. A few of the figures have been identified as pre-Nazca. Miss Reiche walks tile outline of a wide-eyed hillside figure (right). Pottery and textile similarities link it with the Nazcas' immediate predecessors, people of the Paracas culture. 724 or SERVICIO AEROFOTOGRAFICO NACIONAL (ABOVE AND BELOW@; LOREN MCINTYRE (BOrrOM) AND GEORG GERSTER CP'4PMTed For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO1200060007-6 CPYRGHT proved For Release Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00789 ROO 1200060007-6 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00789ROOI,120006@0107-6 @Ina4 F-11 I)Zea @ NO 7 lh@ Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00789ROO1200060007-6 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00789ROO12dOO6LO60-7-6 @kp Approved For Release 2001/03/07 C IA-RDP96-00789 ROO @2@@-@ 6-@@V-K-f Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00789ROO1200066007-6 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00789ROO1200060007-6 )012000@b@,@@2 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00789R( 5 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00,7fioZO 7-!@@ Approved For Release 2001/03/07: CIA-RDP96-00789ROO`1200000*@-f, "@ Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00789ROO1200060007-6 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00789ROO1200060007-6 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00789ROO1200060007-6 ApprovogPrfVjjWease 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO1200060007-6 4 M YS,ep y of the Anclen N8ZC8 Lines PICTURE STORY BY LOREN McINTYRE M) PAGE 716 ULER STRAIGHT and tack sharp, a curious marking more than a mile long etches the desert in southern Peru. Wandering mule paths that cross it only emphasize the precision of its design. Throughout hundreds of square miles of and plateau, other markings abound, most of them concentrated between the towns of Nazca and Palpa. Known as the Nazca Lines, they form a geometrical m6lange of quadrangles, triangles, and trapezoids; spirals and flowers; narrow lines that ex tend more than five miles; and a desert zoo of giant creatures-birds, reptiles, and whales, a monkey and a spider. Because some of the figures resemble those decorating Nazca pottery, archeol- ogists attribute the lines to the Nazcas, a coastal people whose culture rose, flour- ished, and declined between-roughly speaking-100 B.c. and A.D. 700. Making the marks must have been sim- ple enough, though time-consuming. Clear away a few million rocks to expose the lighter ground beneath them, pile the rocks in rows, and you have designs that, in this nearly rainless region, can last thousands of years. But why did the ancients construct them? Nobody really knows. There have been many guesses-that they were pre- historic roads, farms, or some form of signals or offerings to celestial beings. Dr. Paul Kosok, the first scholar to study the markings after they were first recog- nized from the air in the late 1920's, specu- lated that they constituted a giant astro- nomical calenclar, mi almanac for farmers allXik)U,@ LU predict the return of water to vatlev streams. A 1968 study, financed partly by the National Geographic Society, ascertained that some of the lines do indeed point to solstice positions of the sun and moon in ancient times, as well as to the rising and setting points on the horizon of some of the brighter stars. But, the study indi- cates, no more than could be expected by chance. And so the mystery remains, including the most tantalizing question of all: Why did the Nazcas create immense designs that they themselves could never see, designs that can be seen only from the air? Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00789ROO1200060007-6 CPYRGHT AparoviWJ- ele /0 5@1 ,.,a a N_r 1V 718 RDP96-00789ROO1200060007-6 OR MORE THAN 25 YEARS Maria R he has photographed and charted C las lineas, striving to complete a map F of the hundreds of designs and figures that score a tableland some 30 miles long, threaded by the Pan American Highway (map, upper left). A National Geographic Society grant now aids her work. At her desk in Lima (left), the German- born mathematician glances up from a chart, where azimuths of lines dart off in almost all the directions of the compass. During fieldwork Miss Reiche sleeps on ;I CiUnp cot behind her car on the rocky, grassless Peruvian "pampa," rising be- fore first light for a breakfast of grapefruit and canned milk. Despite her 72 years, she then sets to work with a zeal as relentless as the noonday sun. With the reel of tape in her left hand, she has just completed measuring one of the sides of a trapezoidal field (right). Seen from the air (above), it negotiates a hillock, then branches off octopuslike over the pampa. Miss Reiche scorns the suggestion that such markings may have been airfields for outer-space visitors to earth in pre historic times. "Once you remove the stones, the ground is quite soft," she says. "I'm afraid the spacemen would have tten stuck." go National Geographic, May 1975 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 CIA-RDP96-00789ROO1200060007-6 L, NN, ApproveCdPW&Irase 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO1200060007-6 4f Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO1200060007-6 CPYRGHT p LAS wz IF DESIGNED AND DRAWN many ancient lines and may be remains of an irrigation system. by a mad geometrician, markings j "Throughout the pampa," says Miss V 44 Kgreat and small litter the pampa R in configurations that defy explana- Reiclie, "lines stretch for miles, cross- -V tion. Thev sometimes ignore topogra- in1g vallevs and traversing hills, never phy as well. swerving from their courses. Survey Trapezoids congregate on a plateau ors have been astonished by their that overlooks the Ingenio Valley straightness." (above). Others march up-or is it How did the Nazcas achieve such down?-the slopes of an old wash exactitude? Along some lines the re- beside farmers' fields (rigbt), accom- mains of posts have been found at pallied by platoons of lines that appear intervals approaching a mile. Perhaps to go nowhere. The looped pattern sighting stations with men standing below them lacks the precision of in line behind them? Perhaps. 720 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO1200060007-6 App CPYRGHT Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO1200060007-6 CPYRGHT Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO1200060007-6 roved For Release 2001/03/07 :,,CIA-R - A 00,12 .4 TUR WANQ ZA BATES LITTLEHALFS, NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC PHOTOGRAPHER ka r I rx %J " I Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO1200060007-6