2 0 M a)6 PWOZ F 0 r Rj'F6j's@ 0 @jjo@j 6r'i' or t-In v .w 08-- 3@4-1 i ri :=oo '8@@ J Volurne 196, No. 4292 7 LETTERS Scientific Rivalries: A Sign of Vitality?: F. J. Stech; Jensen's AAAS Fellowship: W-1. McKeachic; S. Yancy-McGuire; M. S. Collins; E. R. Kennedy; Civil Defenscand Nuclear Blackmfil: E. P. Wigner and C. M. Haaland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830 EDITORIAL Science and Technology Strategy for the LDC's: M. S. Wionczek . . . . . . . 837 ARTICLES Molecular Metal Clusters: E. L. Muetterties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839 Science in the White House: A New Start: L. M. Branscomb . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848 NEWSANDCOMMENT Cancer Institute Unilaterally Issues New Restrictions on Mammography . . . . . . . 853 Battle to Legitimize Laetrile Continues Unabated . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 854 How the Swedes Live Well While Consuming Less Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 856 Smithsonian: "The Nation's Attic" Undergoing New Federal Scrutiny . . . . . . . 857 RESEARCH NEWS Critical Phenomena: Experiments Show Theory on Right Track . . . . . . . . . . . 861 GOOKnEviEws The Healers, reviewed by J. H. Young; The Mathematical Papers of Isaac Newton, M. S. Mahoney -. Tree Physiology and Yield Improvement, M. H. Zimilnermann; Morphology and Biology of Reptiles, D. B. Wake; Reproduction of Eukaryotic Cells, W. Plaut; Atoms and Molecules in Electric Fields, W. Happer; Books Received and Book Order Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 864 REPORTS Gcomorphic Degradations on the Surface of Venus: An Analysis of Vencra 9 and Venera 10 Data: C. P. Florensky, L. B. Ronca, A. T. Basilevsky . . . . . . . . 869 Determining the General Circu!ation of the Oceans: A Preliminary Discussion: C. Wunsch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871 BOARD OF DIRECTORS WILLIAM D. MC ELROY EMILIO 0. DADDARIO EDWARD E- DAVIDJR. MARTIN B, CUMMINGS RENC-Ec.rox Retiring President, Chairrnan President Prosidont-Elect RUTH M, DAVIS MIKE Me CORMACK CHAIPFIEN AND MATHEMATICS (A) PHYSICS (B) CHFMISTRY (C) ASTRONOMY (D) Dorothy M. Stolle Nciffnan Ramsay Nt@rrnan Hackarman Doverl T.Lynds 0 E r A R I E S 0 F Truman A. Betts Rolf M. Sinclair I er, Schubert Arlo 7L.,andoit AAA$ @;CCTIONS PSYCHOLOGY (J) SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SCIENCES (K) ilIS-rOn'YA~41)1'Vlll.OSOPKYOFSCIENCF~(L) ENG;NE-ERING(M) Donald 0. Undsloy Matilda W. Riley E,o-nMcf,h,lI,n Ernst Webor Edwin P. Hollander Daniel Rich Coorgoba,alln Paul H. Robbins EDUCATION (0) ocrmsf-RY(R) PHARMACEu riCAL SCIENCES (S) INFORMATION, COMPUTING. AND COMMUNICATtON @T) 1, lorbort A. Smith ti,iwidM Fot!mw Stuart Enksen Lawroncic P. Hoilprin JaMOST. nobinson Sboloni Peirman Raymond Jung Jol,,uph Becker MVISIGNS ALASKADIVISION PACIFiC DIVISION SOUTHWESTERN AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN V David M. I fickok Keith B. Mather Robeft T. Orr Alin E. Levilon Erik K. Bonde Max P. Ouril--': President EKOCUtiVO Secretary President Socretary-Twasurer Pumiderit Execijtfveo@- published wookly, except the lost week In Ducambeir, bul wAh tin extra Issue on the fourth Tuos.%day In November, by the Amprican Asscrcla!lan tot the Advancitiment of Science, 1516 Ave@, NVY, Washiogliron, D.C, 20005, NUW co))J@;w'd I ]it, Scip.IISAIC PAOnthlYtt. SPC0nd-LJ-'lf1S l1o,L"lopaid al wrwhiol)1011, D.C., and addilionairim.,y, Copyriqhl @@- 1977 by Itij fQf'%7nPn';1aoe cilriada $10: o!her 9ut Lim $13, alr-@,:uftac c via Affirtordorn Siriqlo copies $2 lot tho ol,,rwnco M, Md, -0 flonderAC00-f6ftdi For"Release 2001/03/26 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0200080036-5 report observed ApprooveabfornRele p 20 1/03/ J: CIA-RDP" I 4 Vic -essional co ]- @, Ac w cc Rp are, in fact, erred in not notifying ad my of Sciences. There, congi n mittees of its intent to purchase the col- addition to Ripley lection of the Cooper l ten NAS members in Union museum- at was done with privately himself (whose election even though th( ) is regarded by ril L 64 1? 1 fio raised money. Stevensalso some as an honorific thought Con- gesture, more in gress should have been recognition of his position in on the pur- than the quali- chase, particularly Original ty of his research), since, as it turned Smithsonian and the late astrono- building out, some federal appropriations mer Donald Menzel. The were astrophysical required for operationswhere lab's current director, and construction the George Field, institution has a telescope. (total federal contributionsVirtually turned down membership have been all a couple of ofthe 106 museum scientists about $1.5 million). are years ago to protest Smithsonian officials also tile fact that the curators who do research on tile seem to have felt that collections NAS still takes on classified the way they han- and research. go on frequent field trips. dled the purchase was The The institution however, all right since it astrophysical gives the lab has 100 scientists, had the approval of the impression of being something the Regents, six of majority of an ivory of whom work on govern- whom are members of ment tower because so much Congress. contracts. of its work is in The rest are at other Just what the Regents labs: basic research. It has, can approve on the for instance, been Chesapeake Bay Center for En- their own has not been vironmental monitoring ultraviolet cleared up. For Studies, solar radiation the Fort Pierce Bu- example, Stevens appearedreau since 1909-long before to be for people generally marine research in-Florida-, the alarmed upon learning Radiation recognized the purpose that the Smithso- Biology of such a study. Laboratory in Mary- nian could-in theory, land; "Only the Smithsonian if not in prac- the is crazy enough Tropical Research Institute in tice-dispose of its Panama; to do a nonsexy long research institute and term thing like on the National Zoo. the Chesapeake Bay (a Challinor this," says Challinor. private acquisi- claims that Smithsonian sci- tion) without congressionalentists Science absorbs about sanction. do $40 million of well by any measure-ability "These must become federalto the total annual budget properties get of about $120 mil- research money, publications, and if we are to continue to fund them with federal taxpayers ' dollars, " he opined. Although the Smithsonian's top offi- cials claim to be unruffled by the criti- cism, one official told Science that there is considerable concern that Congress is going to try to "federalize" the institu- tion. Federalization, says another, would result in the termination of adven- turous, public-oriented activities (such as the annual Folklife Festival and the magazine) that are supported with pri- vate funds; would result in the subordi- nation of artistic and scholarly judgment to politics; and would constrict research. Officials also claim a change in status would violate the trust of many private donors who have made gifts with the un- derstanding that the Smithsonian was a nonfederal institution. However uneasy Congress may feel about the Smithsonian's independent ways, there have been few questions raised about the quality of the museum's collections or of the institution's core of research and scholarly endcavor. The Smithsonian's scientific establish- ment, which includes 300 Ph.D.-level scientists, enjoys a solid reputation and, according to assistant secretary for sci- ence David Challinor, the institution is "fully competitive with universities" as an employer, Smithsonian science is best known for its strength in systematics, which is founded on the collection or the museum of Natural History, and astrophysics, which is done at the Smithsonian As- trophysical Laboratory in Cambridge, Mass., and at Mt. Hopkins, Arizona, QW-evpild 20 MAY 1977 E 859 yr RiP9400T@*V=36