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 republic. The institute has also
 achieved substantial successes in
 the study of helminthiases and the
 organization of measures to combat
 them.
 Author: Yermolayev, V., correspon-
 dent (Listvenichnoye Settlement,
 Irkutsk Oblast)
 Title: DEEP-LEVEL STUDIES OF
 ELEMENTARY PARTICLES IN LAKE BAYKAL
 Primary source: Pravda, March 5,
 1982, No. 64 (23225), p. 2, cols. 6-8
 Extract: A new con .tingent of scien-
 tists has begun work in the southwest
 part of Lake Baykal. Associates of
 the Limnology Institute and the
 Siberian Institute of Earth Magnetism,
 e on
 Radio Waves are drilling through the
 TRIck ice of the lake. Their task
 is to study properties of the ice
 and features of processes taking
 place in the water under its solid
 surface.
 "The decision has been made to
 create a station near Marituy
 Settlement, east of Cape Stolba,
 for detecting and recording elementary
 particles -- muons and neutrinos --
 at deep levels of the water,"
 reported G. Galaziy, a corresponding
 member of the USSR Academy of
 Sciences and director of the
 LI-ra,p 2.1 o "This work
 __g,y_jastitute.
 will be pursu'e'd in accordance with
 the Dumande international program,
 with specialists of a number of
 countries participating. The
 contingent of limnologists and
 physicists is also studying the
 strength of the ice, for the purpose
 of issuing recommendations regarding
 the installation and transporting of
 apparatus in the winter."
 The strength of rays of the sun
 penetrating the ice layer also
 requires careful evaluation. The
 water Is heated by two degrees under
 pure ice one meter thick, which
 transmits solar radiation well.
 As a result, photosynthesis of algae
 takes place and fish eggs develop,
 which reduces the transparency of
 the water. It was thought up until
 recently that the ice impeded heat
 radiation emitted by the bottom of
 Lake Baykal. It was presumed that
 a kind of greenhouse effect occurs
 and the uppermost layer of the water
 is heated.
 "Our experiments have not con-
 firmed the existence of this
 phenomenon," said Candidate of

 Physical-Mathematical Sciences
 P. Sherstyankin, the head of the
 contingent. "It has been established
 that cracked ice 'functions' as a
 prism, a trap for rays of the sun.
 Rays penetrating the water can emerge
 in the opposite direction only at a
 strictly determined angle. A light
 field is thus created under the ice.
 "The detection of muons and of
 flows of neutrinos coming from the
 sun and stars is of great significanc 'e.
 These perpetual wanderers and envoys
 from outer space help to interpret
 the structure of space, as well as
 processes taking place in the universe.
 Knowledge of these processes is also
 of practical interest.
 "Take, for example, muons
 elementary particles which originate
 in the interaction of cosmic rays
 with the matter of the earth.'s
 atmosphere. These rays are capable
 of penetrating our planet to a depth
 of kilometers, probing the upper
 layers of the earth's crust by
 radiation. With the aid of muons,
 one can pursue geophysical prospect-
 ing of minerals, check the correct-
 ness of the drilling of tunnels
 through rock, and determine more
 precisely the boundaries of ore
 bodies and of water supplies in the
 snow cover of almost inaccessible
 mountain regions from which avalanches
 and mudslides descend."
 Title: INEFFICIENCIES IN MACHINE
 BUILDING'S PLANNING AND ACCOUNTING
 Primary source: Ekonomicheskaya
 gazeta, March, 1982, No. 10, p. 6,
 cols. 4-5
 Extract: The bureau of an inter-
 agency commission of the USSR State
 Planning Committee (Gosplan) has
 reviewed the question of improving
 planning indicators and evaluation
 of the work of machine building
 enterprises. It was noted that a
 number of departments of USSR Gosplan
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