mppiuvvu rQF_ memase ZUUIIU312WrBKWDP96-00788ROO0100240026-8 TERRORISM Fat Man, Tailor, Soldiery Spy How the U.S. and Italy got the Mafia to helpfind General Dozier n the evening of ,Drec_17, 1981, Red 0 Brigades terrorists kidnaped Briga- dier General James Dozier, 50, the high- est-ranking U.S. officer in NATO's south- ern Europe command, from his home in Verona. The abduction triggered the larg- est man hunt in Italy's history. Forty-two days later, Italian commandos stormed an apartment in Padua and freed the American general. It was a stunning piece of police work that won praise from around the world; it also marked the beginning of the end for the noto- rious terrorist group. But the full story of how the authorities found Dozier has never been revealed. American and Italian intelligence agencies, TIME has learned, turned to the Mafia for help in locating the general. What occurred was a remarkable tale of triumphs and bungles, of Brooklyn consiglieri and Milan Mafi- osi, of chases along New York City's Fifth Avenue and gun-toting crimi- nals tailing intelligence agents along Italian autostrade. So secret was the operation that not even U.S. Ambas- sador to Italy Maxwell Rabb was aware of it until TIME Correspondent Jonathan Beaty, accompanied by Rome Correspondent Barry Kalb, questioned the diplomat two weeks ago. Beaty's report: t took only two days for top offi- cials at Sismi, the Italian intelli- gence agency, to decide that it might be useful to turn to the Mafia for help in finding General Dozier. Although the Mafia had long detested the Red Brigades, sismi knew that there would be a public outcry if it was ever discovered that an Italian govern- ment agency had contacted the Ma- fia directly. Consequently, a more subtle plan was devised. An ap- proach would be made to Mafiosi in the U.S., who would be asked to get in touch with their counterparts in Italy. Marcello Campione, then military at- tachd to the Italian mission at the United Nations, began making inquiries in New York Mafia circles. Working under a code name, "the Tailor," Campione was led to an influential Mafia consighere in Brook- lyn who makes his living by helping Ital- ians move to the U.S. "The Fat Man," as the arranger is known in the underworld, agreed to put Campione in touch with a fugitive Mafioso from Italy who was hid- ing out in New York. That contact turned out to be Domi- nic Lombino, 40, a lawyer from Milan whose clients had included Franchino Restelli, the northern Italian city's lead- ing Mafioso. Jailed briefly in 1978 for his when Italian a U.S. in July 1981 uthorities suddenly seized his passport, a signal that they were preparing to indict him. The Italian military attachd told Lombino that he could make a lot of money if he would help with the Dozier case. On Dec. 22, only five days after Dozier had been abducted, Lombino phoned the Fat Man and then Armando Sportelli, chief of sismi's foreign operations in Rome. The word: Dozier was being held somewhere inside the triangle formed by the cities of Verona, Padua and Bologna. The next day, after more phone conversations with associates in Italy, Lombino was able to tell SISMI that the American general was definitely in Padua. Lombino did not know the precise location, but suggested that his old client Restelli, then impris- oned in Milan's notorious San Vittore prison for Mafia activities, might be able to come up with the address. Attachd Campione quickly agreed. Over the Christmas holiday he developed a plan to sneak Lombino out of the U.S. and into Italy so that Lombino could talk with Restelli. Since Lombino was still a fugitive with no passport, the Italian offi- 32 cial had to concoct a new identity for him. With the Fat Man's aid, Lombino ac- quired the Social security number of an unwitting high school, driver's education instructor from Brooklyn, while a cooper- ative priest in Manhattan provided him with false baptism records. On Dec. 27, dressed in dark glasses, Levi's and running shoes, Lombino head- ed for the U.S. passport office on Manhat- tan's Fifth Avenue. Though he had been assured that there would be no problems, Lombino, now joined by Campione, ner- vously showed up an hour early to check out the area. They quickly spotted too many men wearing trench coats and reading newspapers. Sensing a trap, Lombino ran down the up escalators to the street andjumped into a cab be- fore he could be captured. The star- tled Campione simply disappeared into the crowd. The pursuers turned out to be FBI agents who had learned that an Ital- ian Mafia associate living illegally in New York was trying to obtain a false passport to return to Italy. Within hours, FBI agents were grill- ing both the Fat Man and Campione, demanding to know why the Italians were helping a fugitive Mafioso like Lombino. A panicky Campione called Sportelli in Rome to find out if he should tell the FBI the truth. The SISMI foreign-intelligence boss imme- diately called "M," the CIA agent in Rome who was serving as the agen- cy's liaison in the Dozier case and ex- plained the entire ploy. The CIA was intrigued. It quickly called the FBI off the case and,began negotiating directly with Lombino by phone. Lombino, however, no longer trusted sismi. He insisted on U.S. protection as well as a pledge that he could legally return to the U.S. if he went to Italy and saw Restelli. The Justice Department approved the residency deal, and as a result, in early January 1982 Lombino made the first of two trips to the Washing- ton, D.C., area to meet with CIA agents. For unknown reasons, Lombino's trip to Italy was delayed. According to Italian intelligence sources, the problem was a ri- valry between Campione and General Ninetto Lugaresi, the head of sismi. Finally, on Jan. 23, Lombino boarded an Alitalia flight from New York's Kennedy Airport to Rome. Accompanied by Cam- pione and wearing a wig as a disguise, he carried CIA-supplied papers in the name of Andrew Dimanso, the alias he was sup- posed to use in Italy. When the pair land- ed in Rome, they were met by the CIA's "M" and a cadre of American and Italian intelligence agents. Lombino was hustled away to a hotel a block from the U.S. em- bassy. Twice during the next day, he met with Franca Musi, a Red Brigades courier who had been captured two weeks earlier in Rome. The Italians thought that Musi, ARY 28.198 The jubilant and still unshaven victim after his rescue Triumphs and bunglesfrom Brooklyn to Milan. Kelly, "areAmpreprioffieto FeVaRptwc those who are disillusioned, no, disgusted, with the way the government has been running this country." A decade ago, Kel- ly's denunciation of West German de- mocracy might have been dismissed as mere ideological ranting. But the Greens seem to be only the most politically visible and potent part of a vast counterculture movement in West Germany that has reached extraordinary proportions. West Germans refer to the broader phenomenon as the "alternative move- ment." Its numbers are estimated at be- tween 4 million and 5 million, much larg- er than the 1.5 million to 2 million adherents of the Green Party itself. Thriv- ing all over the country, the alternatives include squatters and punkers, doctors and lawyers, engineers and social work- ers, who have organized hundreds of com- munes in which they are attempting to define, as one of them puts it, "a culture alongside the traditional, confining Ger- man society." Joseph Huber, 34, a lectur- er at Berlin's Free University and a phi- losopher of the alternative scene, sees this counterculture wave as a "new class" in West German society. The movement's members are mostly under 35, although an older fringe of over- 50s is also active. Most of them vigorously reject the traditional German work ethic, sense of order, loyalty to family and secu- rity in favor of nebulous concepts of self- determination and grass-roots activism. They oppose nuclear weapons and nucle- ar energy. The alternatives are passionate about a clean and safe environment, about women's rights as well as those of oppressed minorities like immigrant workers and homosexuals. Says Carl Amery, 60, Bavarian writer, environmen- talist and Green Party member: "The al- ternative movement is trying to recapture the German warmth that,was killed inthe war years." There are those for -whom the coun- terculture movement is more frightening than laughable. They see in it a renais- sance of an ancient streak of German ro- manticism, a form of escapism that too of- ten has preceded political follies. For most Greens reflect old but recurring fears of the relentless advance of industrialism and urbanism that threaten the individual with a society of scientific management and assembly lines. With ro- mantic and dangerousl i I' y s1mp 's tic longing, the alternatives loo@ to the lost past, to what they be- lieve was a simpler, less corrupt world of noble motives and a pristine environment. A painted There is a strong nationalis- tic edge to the alternative movement. The counterculture's music is purely German, both rock tunes and the protest songs of peace groups. Decrying the U.S. is a constant theme. Arthur Burns, the U.S. Ambassador to Bonn, is fond of complaining to West Germans that by neglecting to teach the history of the past 40 years-West Ger- man schoolbooks have tended to skip lightly over the Hitler and immediate postwar periods-the country has pro- duced a generation with little or no his- torical perspective. In the eyes of West German youth who cannot remember the cold war or the Berlin airlift or the Kore- an War, there is really not much to distin- guish between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. As a result, the vital Atlantic Alli- ance is sometimes questioned or even na- Yvely perceived as a fading and largely un- necessary relic. West German intellectuals of the Marxist-oriented left are fascinated, puz- zled but not attracted by the Greens. Says Werner Holzer, editor of the left-leaning Frankfurter Rundschau: "The intellectual left has remained aloof for the most part because of the Greens' unruly way of thinking." In their inarticulate way, the Greens, indeed, appear to be rcjecting all the political ideologies of the past, includ- ing Marxism. Nonetheless, says Professor Richard L6wenthal of the Free Universi- ty ofBerlin, the Greens'thinking has been influenced by the Marxist teachers who are now established in West German uni- versities. This influence has presumably helped turn the Greens against capital- VWUM16i-@he left- ists have not taught them how parliamentary democracy works or the importance of the legal system. They have not transmit- ted any of the utopian Marxist hope. The Old Left is responsi- ble for the gaps in the Greens' education." The rise of the Greens, be- ginning in 1979, came just as disillusionment with West Ger- protester many's three other established political parties was spreading. In the 1980 national elections, the Greens polled only 1.5% of the vote. Later the same year, in the state election in Baden WOrttemberg, they won 5.3% and en tered the state parliament. In quick succession came similar electoral break throughs in West Berlin, Lower Saxony, Hamburg and Hesse. In several of the state elections, the Greens ousted the Free Democrats as the third parliamenta ry party. However inchoate and unrealistic their ultimate aims, the Greens have al- ready left marks on the country. That In- terior Minister Friedrich Zimmermann talks about saving dying German forests, that Social Democratic Leader Vogel now hedges on the missile issue, that the Free Democratic Party now champions the rights of foreign workers-all can be at- tributed to the political stimulus of the Greens. More than its Catholic counter- part, the Protestant Church has been moved to respond to the concerns of West German youths. The large-circulation press has been unable to ignore the pres- sures of the counterculture movement. A regular diet of environmental coverage is now a feature of such major magazines as Stern and Der Spiegel. Both publications have come out strongly against the de- ployment of new NATO missiles, a position closer to that of the Greens than of the So- cial Democrats. By last autumn, according to opinion polls, the Greens enjoyed support from as much as 9% of the electorate. In recent months, though, they have fallen back. One reason is that the Social Democrats, under Vogel, have moved just far enough to the left on the NATO missile and eco- nomic issues to pick up some Greens sup- porters. Another reason is that, ironically enough, the Greens' moral credibility comes at the cost of their political credi- bility. Says a Munich tenants' rights orga- nizer: "The Greens have trouble enough trying to find out what their supporters want, let alone having to deal with ques- tions like how they will vote on unem- ployment programs." If the Greens fail to win 5 % of the vote, their f@ture as a politi- cal force will depend on whether Vogel's Social Democrats maintain their leftward drift. In short, the Greens will disturb the West German political scene as long as there is room on the left for a new genera- tion of skeptical citizens with a dim sense of the past and a hazy vision of the future. -&FrederickPainton. Reportedby RolandFlaminiandGaryLeelBonn 31 Activists wearing mutant masks to represent the face of the world after nuclear war whose faiApptlovedrrierRe4sa w@ -MRAWNW400264 kept try- -T' ing to send to Italy tions, might give a swarm of experts rang- valuable information to Lombino, but 2- ing from FBI agents to she claimed only Pentagon tacticians. to know that Dozier Some of the American was being held aid was bizarre at some- where in Padua. best: during the last week of the search, It was now time TIME has learned, U.S. to see Restelli. military officials On the night of Jan. 26, brought to Rome a psychic Lombino climbed who sent the ca- into a white Alfa Romeo rabinieri chasing after with four Italian a futile lead. "They po- licemen and headed were coming through the for Milan. Behind windows, coming them was a second through the doors," recalled car carrying Cam- Rabb. "Every i d one and other sismi body in the intelligence officers. It was agencies wante only p part of the odd in, but this was a job caravan that raced for the Italians." along the highway that When presented with evidence night. The Italians of Ma- were tailed by at least fia involvement, Rabb two Mercedes sedans offered to check filled with Mafia with the embassy's CIA soldiers armed station chief. The with ma- chine guns. Their ambassador returned 40 instructions: protect minutes later, Lombino. When the looking embarrassed. improbable parade He confirmed that of motorists reached sismi had indeed made Milan, a CIA agent a deal with Lom- joined up as well. bino and that, after the U.S. had offered The lawyer and SISMI Lombino protection and agents then met a guarantee that with Restelli, who The n osoranchino he could return to the was brought out key MaflF Restelli U.S., the Mafid law- of jail link: Mila especially for the yer had gone to Italy conference, which and met with "Ni." took place in a police Rabb insisted that nothing office in the Palace had come of of Justice. "It is Lombino's aid. "It was very important a big fizz," the am- to America that we find the bassador said. The FBI general," Lombino and the Justice said to the Mafia leader. Depai Lment refuse to "Can you help us?" confirm or deny the story, while the CIA offers a terse he question did "no comment." not exactly surprise 41 @ T Restelli It may never be known Lombino had already just how valu- been in touch with him through able the Mafia's help intermediaries, was in finding Dozi- and from his jail er. Rabb's explanation, cell Restelli had which minimizes dis- patched his troops the Mafia's role, may to track down leads. be accurate. The Restelli had also Italian police did indeed ordered the supply make a series of line of heroin to parts key arrests just before of the underworld the raid, and law- cut off in order to encourage tips from addicts enforcement officials sud- in Rome insist that these suspects helped denly deprived of lead them to Dozier. drugs. Restelli's pre- sumption: in exchange In the days just before for giving the the rescue, the trail all- thorities information was growing so hot that on Dozier, he would the police might receive more favorable ave found the general treatment from without help from the h Restelli. On the other Italians. On Jan. hand, Italian mag- 27, according to a partici- pant at the meeting, istrates acknowledged Restelli gave the that on Jan. 26 SISMI agents the address Restelli was secretly of the apartment released from prison build- ing in which Dozier at the request of SISMI was being held. and the CIA to meet His mission accomplished, . .. with officials in Milan. Lombino .... U.S. embassy per- returned to Rome. sormel in Rome confirm Next morning, Jan. that Dozier's 28, he was sitting in whereabouts was not known his room at the until the Hotel Bos- ton with "M" when night before the raid, the word came: which is when the James Dozier had just Mafia leader reportedly been rescued in gave the address a daring raid at 2 Via Pindemonte, in the heart of to the Italians. Padua. "M" turned MIN Today General Dozier to Lombino and is stationed at thanked him profusely the U.S. Army base in for his help. Fort Knox, Ky. Mar Since the rescue, Pup cello Campione, who clashed U.S. officials tent with the head have in which Dozier was held captive been careful to of SISMI, has been dis- give full credit to the Italians. 'patched to the Italian Both em- -off Khartoum, Rome and Washington bassy in far have forcefully the capital of Sudan. claimed Fran- that the success chino Restelh has been of the op- eration was the transferred from his result of Milan dogged police work prison to a more hospitable and the confessions of Red jail in Parma. Dominic Brigades members Lombino is back in New who had been captured York, reportedly waiting duting th i k x-wee for the Justice Department e s seaicl. Dozier. to approve the residency When first questioned papers requested by the by TIME two weeks ago c0a CIA. In Italy, trouble ho is about CIA and Mafia N- brewing within Sim about in- volvement in the the sum of money, which rescue, Ambassador Rabb turned out to be $500,000, hear- edly denied it. : that was promised to "I swear to 2 Lom- God that nothing ; bino but that has apparent- like this ever happened," ly disappeared. And, the am- oh bassador said. In yes, the Fat Man is still fact he ,insisted, he had in Brooklyn, making ar- S@ent The key address: 2 Via Pindernonte, after the successful raid much of Iii time fending _ffeariAe t e news, thf, gMfrAq pTjFd IAWb& Qr &lends- pi rimE. FEBRUARY 28. 1993 Approved For Release 2001/oWerWA-RDP96-00788ROO0100240026-8 FRANCE Crusader f 'or the Arts Flamboyant Minister Jack Lang draws mixed reviews here was nothing modest about the T idea, and when the 350 cultural super- stars finally left Paris last week after a glittering two-day conference on Creation and Development, it was clear that there had been nothing modest about their de- liberations. Lodged in luxury hotels at the expense of Franqois Mitterrand's Socialist government, the high-powered conven- tioneers gathered in the Sorbonne's ven- erable amphitheater to ponder their curi- ous subject: cultural solutions to the world's economic crisis. Under frescoed portraits of Diderot and Voltaire, luminaries ranging from Nobel Laureate Gabriel Garcia Mdrquez to Novelists Norman Mailer and William Styron and Actress Sophia Loren debated such topics as state control of the arts and the unemployment crisis. In between they supped at the Foreign Ministry and lunched with Mitterrand. So dazzling was the cast that even the stars sometimes seemed overwhelmed. Said Film Director Francis Ford Coppola: "The people here are incredible. It's like a college-a very good college." The meeting, Italian Theater Director Giorgio Strehler con- cluded grandly in his summation, had provoked awareness "of the need to create a new place for research, for creation, for hope." But while rhetoric flowed freely, the conference fell notably short on produc- tive debate. In his closing address Mitter- rand called for a New Renaissance, claiming that "the originality of the French idea lies there, at the intersection of technology and creativity." From such high-minded but vague declarations the colloquium often descended into special pleading and ideological posturing. Nov- elist Mary McCarthy called on the French government to permit Poland's Radio Solidarity to broadcast in France. Feminist Kate Mfflett deplored the "se- vere lack of representation of women" at the meeting (85 out of 350). U.S. cultural "imperi- alism," particularly in the form of the internationally popular TV show Dallas, was repeated- ly attacked. Not a few guests foundered on the generalities and the pretension. The gran- diose talkathon, hinted one American participant, mainly "reflects how many people are still willing to accept a free ticket to Paris." Such spectaculars have be- come a hallmark of France's lavish new investment in the arts, and the personal signature of Mitterrand's flamboyant and popular Minister of Culture- Lang with Actress Sophia Loren Jack Lang, 43. * Dapper in his close-cut suits, possessed of boyish good looks and dark curls that seem to stir women, Lang has ambitious plans for the arts in Socialist France. "Our goal," he says, "is to trans- form all of France into a cultural work site." The transformation of the budget has been dramatic. In 1981, under President Valdry Giscard d'Estaing, the Ministry of Culture received $500 million, or.47% of the national budget; this year the figure has *Although the usual French spelling is Jacques, Lang's birth certificate actually says Jack-proba- bly the result, he says, of Anglo-Saxon influences pervading France in 1939. in to shot up to $1.05 billion, .78% of the total. (In contrast, Washington allocates only $500 million, or.06% of the federal bud- get, to the arts.) But Lang's campaign to rejuvenate France's cultural life has also depended on vengeful attacks on U.S. cul- tural "imperialism" that even many French intellectuals find embarrassing. Whatever the merits of Lang's efforts@ they have certainly been visible-and au- dible. Last year, for example, he decided that the French should mark the summer solstice with a national "musical festival" in which everyone would simultaneously pluck, pound, tingle and bow musical in- struments as church bells rang and neigh- borhood salsa bands played. Right on cue, 5 million French joined in an exub6r- ant celebration that banged on from 8:30 p.m. until well past midnight. Lang has filled the once empty courtyard of Paris' staid Louvre museum with exhibitions of new French fashions, displayed to the thump of disco rhythms. A troupe from the Comddie Fran@aise has played in the Paris subways. Still to come are an ambi- tious new "people's" opera house for the Place de la Bastille, a new ballet school for Marseille and a dance conservatory for Lyon. And, seemingly everywhere, there is Lang himself. listening to the rau- cous new-wave bands, paging through displays at the annual comic book exhibi- tion at Angouleme, inspecting Grenoble's art museum. Lang's evangelizing has boosted him to fourth place in popularity among the Mitterrand Cabinet's 35 ministers. That appeal, however, is due in part to his often gratuitous attacks on U.S. influences. For two years in a row, Lang has bypassed the American film festival at Deauville, a ma- jor annual event, to visit more obscure French art projects in provincial towns. In a burst of chauvinism that seemed cal- culated to stir Third World sympathies, Lang called, at a UNESCO conference last summer, for a crusade against U.S. cultur- al "imperialists" who "want to impose a uniform way of life on the en- tire planet." In response, Lang prescribes government subsi- dies for local talent, and favors requiring that 60% of films broadcast on French televi- sion be French produced. His attacks on American films, which dominate French televi- sion and movie houses, have astonished many cultural lead- ers in France. They argue that American influences have stimulated French cre- ativity. Replies Lang: "All I'm doing is recognizing that the North American film industry is large and penetrates the Eu- ropean market. So who's de- claring war on whom?" His polemical style comes naturally. A lawyer by train- - ing, Lang founded the experi- FmAalWor4d. Rofi"l of The- flME, FEBRUARY 28,1983 Americans In Paris: Director Arthur Penn, Novelists Styron and Mailer