Mission 1. The I'Division of was established in June 1965 and tasked with the responsibility of carry- ing out research and development in support of intelligence requir e- ments in the behavioral activities area. Behavioral Activities i..,as subse2quently established as an Agency R&D subelement. Under this subelement three Agency R&D projects were established: StreEs Measurement and InterDretation, Behavioral Control, and liuman Factors. In 1970 these R&-@i) projects were revised and increased in nwn7oer Lo accommodate the enlarged scope of Divisional activities. These n2ew Agency R&D projects were: Performance Measurement, Assessment and Selection, n Factors, and l@liaterials Aiialysis. In 1972 an addi- tional R&-.D project entitled Narcotics Kouse was added; 2. The term Behavioral Activities is defined as those activities concerned with huran performance, reliability, and control. In tg=2-ncy terms Behavioral Activities addresses problems concerned with personnel security, assessment, health, performance, protection, and control. These problems apply to individuals, groups, and organizations or institutions. 3. )is addressing these problem areas as follows: Personnel Security )Research 2 iprogram Personnel Assessment Speech Research Monotony/Isolation Research Asp?ssment Validation @llrogram lprogram 2 Personality & Behavioral Scales Personnel Health lprogram Program Personnel Performance Training '-Research Analytic Models Predictive Models 7 Software Programs "@lersomel Protection Materials Pnalysis Drug Abuse Personnel Control E-ioked [Potentials IForeign Cultures Although lis "addressing" the problem areas listed above, there are distinct gaps and =issions in the program. These are: a. The recently initiated .)Program cannot be 2 funded beyond FY 72 without serious revisions and cutbac'zzs in other Behavioral Activities programs. b. The exploration and development of new personality scales has remained essentially stationary because of lack of funds and staff ersonn el. Partial exceptions have been the land'monot scales. 2 c. In the past, trainini research has yielded Dosi'Llive results. !has approached @with new requirements.- it is expected that these will be formalized and forwarded to The current Behavioral Activities budget does not have funds available for this work. d. 2 6ffectiveness in foreign cultures have been on the boo s for many years. No work has been done in these areas because of lack of funds and personnel. One small effort in )is planned for this year. Follcn.7-on funding and personnel &re still inadequate2. 5. In addition to the above, !believes that considerably more work needs to be done in the 'areas of decision theory,-Dred4-ctive modeling, and operations research. The same is true in the areas of prisoner exploitation, agent assessment and recruitment d@,n=ics, and psychological evaluation of certain foreign grou-os such as the 2 6. lbelieves that the Behavioral Activities area needs to be re-evalua"u-ed and upgraded in staff and dollars. There are no serious day-to-day problems confronting the Division. Past policy on reouirements has been an im-oediment at times. Hooefully, present policy will correct this barrier to needed research whenever it 6 appears to be arbitrarily applied. 7. Achievements. a. Established Derfol-mance levL.Is of the current system. b. Determined the hwan factors aspect of a 2 Blow c. Developed a prototype d. Developed an experimental all-electronic instrtunent. 6. Developed a( channel without addit7i-onal sensor. f.. Developed a prototype Im2onitor capable of detecting signgl-s at distances pf 12 to 15 feef-.- 9. Develo-oed arL gxperimental' imonitor capable of detectingt isigndls. .]at free- space distances of 100 feet plus. I - 2 - h. A multiple lassembly was designed for group interrogation. i. Conducted a training system survey resulting in an in-house capability to produce proc-ram aided (PA.1) courses of m instruction. Funded a PAI-course in2 Vietnamese language. Delivered the original and many updated versions of the,..,- Icom@-outer package for the m=-dical and social sciences. k. Funded with @a computer model for predicting epidemics of meningi@i@s'. 1. Adapted Bayesian aralysis strategy to the intelligence 2 analyst's problem of forecasting. m. Developed a he@:lth hazard radiometer for measuring microi-7ave fields. n. Acqui-red and develoded a large data base on potentially dangerous psychorha--macological agents. o4 Developed a conceptual design for a 3 predictive system. HISTORY The, I'Divisi OIL. established in Tune 1965. The creation of this Division, and the Division@ simultaneous establishment 6.t the was brought 2about as a resuli 6f the growing complexity and rapidly expanding diversity of their parent organization The During lexisted from 1963 until June 1965. this time this group initiated a wide variety of priority research tasks which were representative of life science disciplines ranging from hum2an psychology and decision theory to biological sub-systems such as microinmunology and particle physics. Because of this exaggerated diversity, it was believed.'that a di-vision of life science activities into separate but closely coordinated working groups responsible for behavioral activities and for biological activities would be more efficient and productive. Accordingly the 2 Di-visict4l@Ipwas established and tasked with the primary responsibility of cari-,,ing out research and develorment operations in support of intelligence requirements in the behavioral activities area. Behavioral Activities was therefore established as an Agency Research and Development Sub-element. Under this Sub-element, three Agency R&D Projects were est3ablished. These-4 were (a) stress Measurement and Interpretation, (b) Behaviort-Control., and (c) Human Factors. The initial .[Division consisted of a Division Chief, four technical officers and one secretary. Professional disciplines represented were: one Medical Doctor, one Ph.D. Physiologist, two Ph.D. Psychologists and one Pharmacologist. During the period June 1966 to April 1968 the Pharmacologist resigned., a Ph.D. Physiologist with a background in pharmacology join@ed the Divtsion staff and one secretary was added bringing the Division c=plement to seven. Research projects initiated by the and 2 continued by the idivision were: polygraph p3@ogram, stress measurement support, baseline stress measurements, vulnerabilities of special behavioral groups., hypnotic susceptibility and biological effects of With the exception of the polygraph'and baseline stress measurement studies, these initial proje2cts were subsequently redirected or discontinued. Stress measurement support and biological effects iwere discontinued, the latter responsibility going to the Department of Defense. The vulnerabilities of special behavioral groups effort was redirected to a study--of undercover agent characteristics, con men, and provocation, elicitation, interrogation techniques while 2 the hypnotic susceptibility work was redirected to a study of sleep suggestibility. Meanwhile the Stress Measurement Project was expanded to include and the polygraph program was enlarged from _._.Iresearch contracts. This latter 'Ithat performed0 effort was coordinated and'directed by a team within most of the data analysis and that prepared and published reports of polygraph program developments. The Behavior Control Project was expanded to include a drug acquisition and screening program, exploratory and developmental work on techniques for improved assessment of individuals and small groups, work on covert provocation and elicitation techniques and new efforts in the area of ethnocultural factors concerned with communication barriers within and betweerr selected cultural groups., national issues and tribal issues among nomads and other minority groups. The Human Factors Project has developed during the period2 June 1965 to April 196@ to include a co- ordinated multi-task effort to improve performance in targei detection,-to improve iperformance2 to improve performance of the Agency training system,, to analyse and define the role or transfer functions of the human in the intelligence process and to develop means of opti2mizing his performance with particular. emphasis to date on the intelligence analyst and the decision making process, and to identify and exploit factors influencing learning@ memory., and fatigue. Starting in June 1965 with a budget of and a program of 968 the Division ,projects, in April 1 2 had established. pontracts leantracts amounting to In spite of the s-mq-l I size of the. during this developmental phase its officer personnel were successfully monitoring two projects for other -ing )Divisions, serv as consultants on three Depart2ment of Defense committees, and as consultants to various Agency components or activities. sonnel,, Iper both as a group and as individuals were actively involved in a collaborative effort with other Agency components to identify Agency problems and related requirements. With the office of 1 lthese relationships centered about the polygraph program and the training systems study, both of which were carried forward with the assistance of outside contractdrs, With the Office of ",initiated research to identify problems associated with the role of the intelligence analyst. initiated work with to better define problems associated with assessment of individuals and groups. ks 2a result of these efforts problems of access and of cooperatim between offices based on habits and established practices have been largely overccme. The principal example of progress in this area was the polygraph program jointly undertaken by the This example setting effort, along with the training system survey, has gone a long way toward establishing precedence for future cooperati2ve efforts between tand other Agency cmpcnents. It is expected that the current method enp;oyed bZf of establishing procedures for the identification of Agency problems will be the first step toward a definition of the various human roies in the intelligence analysis process. Immediate plans of the' iDivision inclu2de a moderate growth in per sonnel and funds to co-mplete the work now under way and to support new work needed in the Stress Measurement., Behavior Control and Human Factors areas. It is also planned to increase the in-house effort with respect to the ongoing analysis of Agency problems. At the same time it is planned to systematize and adapt special analytical techniques, Bayesian, contextual7 and others to the Agency's peculiar problems and to implement their use as appropriate. Long range plans call for careful analytical studies and preparations for the probable needs of the Agency in the years. to come. If predictors for example indicate that human group behavior iito become increasingly more emotional and violent for the foreseeable future, requirements concerning the struggle for men's minds could change radically. To survive and s2ucceed in a rapidly changing world it may be that the Agency will have to have some means of instant self analysis of any one or more of its various components and a means of quickly instituting changes as needed. At this point in time a number of accomplishments may be cited as milestones toward the achievment of established goals: (a) Polygraph program2 results have yielded findings with respect to polygraph utility, reliability and validity. (b) Automatic measurement of polygraph signals was accomplished. The method could be used to assist the examiner. (e) An inproved 'Idesign was developed and demonstrated. (d) An improved lsensor was developed. The improved 2 design has yet to be 8PTn nstrated as superior in operation. (e) An immroved sensor is under develol=ent. A isensor is under development. (g) The was slhown to be a sensitive indicator of stress. (h) The was shown to be a sensitive indicator of "yes" end no" answers a1nd hence potentially an indicator of deception. (i) Three new stress indicators, were investigated and discarded as potential polygraph parameters. (j) Significant new developments in monitoring were identified and redirected for Agency application. (k) Sleep suggestibility as distinct from hypnotic suggestibility was demonstrated as a phenomenon. (1) Some characteristics of individuals more successful in resisting /were identified. (m) Methods that to identify susceptible targets were studied and classified. (n) Two first operation health hazard radiometers were'developed and deployed to the field. (o) A dosemetry slide-rule for safe operation of was developed and disseminated to users. (p) Preliminax7 design specification were developed7 for a system to determine critical parameters in idetection of targets.