At %le of origl Per,.Od h"M+. Of --To - -r I%r-eAlut. Of F abr-utty 2 1-i962 Dear -grant made to Followl -it a report on your 16to5@&.66 Grant - ----- ExperWitur*s $1,555-56 400.00 11000.00 19025-00 Travel ?0-0 suppliob 2 113.2 78.00 Indirtct-Costs Da I,& ric a Thit7is a true-statement of the to oil.-penditures on the grant, --Rs -shown by- Eave examinea P-ncl a.Dprol,@f;d the submittc&@ WA-go TSS/C,,Iea@'.cal D@ivisiOn No. Cost -Acco"t Object Cla" Oblij@i@ Obligations Unliquide@ed 4 ---- Liquidated Balance Date Re@narks- arid References Incurred JUL 1960 4k 4A* (When px77ii-d CONFIDENTIAL FUNDS POSTING VOUCHER DATE 2-6 VOUCHER ho. 7.12 7-12 2 vouc"E* No 3A-39 58-67 Go 70 71-80 DESCRIPTION-ALL ACCOUNTS 13-33 43 4S, 415 ORLIG. 53 SA-57 ALLOT. OR COST ourt AMOUNT 2 STATION 40-A2 r PAY ITEF. NO. GENERAL ACCT. No. -- DATE 3 CODE EXPEND u ER . ......... CA LEDGER 62.67. 0 sic c 0 IE 9 I 7 CREDIT PROP. "0. 2 CLASS DESCRIPTION CODE N L'o' Cm% . P.O. "a. 0 YR ACCT. NO. ADVANCE ACCOUNTS 13'27 ......... ....... VY CODE 3i-f3 POIOJECT POO. s TO ALS EXPLANATION OF EP4TRY 2 CERTIFIED FOR PAYMENT CREDIT DATE ED E REVIEWED BY DATE 6, OFFICER 2 ;%AMON (10-40) FORM 10-59 606 use Polevious colylools- -JIIV 3960 20 --Up/gLdpt Officer VIA VAVC*J"T D2 uftttic No* IL VJN= AUOtAWii 2 the &%On aboWA be-me"-!* fOllOVO-i- ftyo"t 2. pie&"-fornrd-tbo urw,,' i@b =/bwpt "near 'by -wedw-64@ tb&t *d"tioral funds viU be o-O.UOU4@-@ abw]A not b*'Olose4-- eavol@L-6 & Corti m- Om Distributioni ik TSD/FASS TSD RB-- L TSD/IIW@20: @TulY=60)- IWOI" CCMMCATI Avsk@ to ghftro,)eat (1) It Is ber*by. certified +,hat tblis it-ih"ioe No* IL i66i@@ti*f662tayi--tbat "rrices so. U2 of Mn=p tl'At-pQrf*rM i Vith mutual "Mutej, that a Ot acempli" ilk "-cormaocia il>ts is on rue it-TE@DIIWJ, UuLt t2his 'blU Is "d tbs payments wA rece-- ut U*rqof-hWb"t be*,, m4** om-ntt uid that Pay= Date I t No-- 112 (2) It is bereby tertirioa that this ib"ic* &PPU@k" t----- ved--and tb-at 'tbe P--vieot of MKuLm which in wordwwe ).953 from tb4 DCI--Wtbe DD/Ao i buiorsula - - - - - - - 0- we tm 4CUnSiOd-Of tb,1-3-&,Utt-vity in subsequelit-I Date RECEIPT Receilit is hereby ackn-ovl, 'e"-th -followir-.g check,. the amour r,4394 ted J,@-ilY 29,- ig6o --in of official Check N 6 $6,oc6.66 t, -ho TO. 1. Date 6f Obli-atton-.- 3,urpose-o Projec@t- Pro,3reas to- ato,. 4. Ex3piration S. @Rroj -act MorAto Tssjfc-D DPMT/19**=- 24 March -1960 MORANDL)M FOR: THE BECORCC:::@@@ SUBJECT: MJLTRA --Sopo eat-13.2- the research m in hid study--Of @2cordance -@,ith:tk@@7ii@h6d4 2. c --- o-n-si--s-t-ent vithEth@@@Lov@rt --aim-s and purpi) "7 and will e;erve to a ed for cover*- 'Agency interest-- b connected7Vith:t@"lirrent obl@ms of vocational:g4@@@th Po$. sible applicatidh@-td@thd-:sele 3- F@mding mon pro, t lea@lL@whandl":W@W@@@ 'in the re ar manner. 2Accounting f6t@-@e -e accordiiig-t6-tht@-- procedures previwsl estab s bel"ired fdj@7-the 4rojedt. pated that any@permanent-eQ@dpment, will Travel funds will ted-foi@:in-a-mamei consistent vi e2stablisb6d prggti!q" 4. ihe -total@@c67st- of th,@,@@@@period -of -otid yi@b6i@@i estiw.-,t,,--d to be- $6,056.66 ii@@--indicated-in the-attacbed-budget@:=----- 6 1525-1000, C)2. Charges should be made against All6thi6zit- ##a:bPap,h No@ cle-a-x-ed@Or wittirig persorA.5 am concerned with- the conduct of thi6@@@jecto TSD/Chemical Brp-nch APPROVED FCR OBLIGATION-07@@@---------- Date:- Att3ached: Proposal and BiR@@@@ Distribuiion.- Original SUYY,ARY ,)F-Pf@OPL)SAL Nar.e: Posi tion: c- Study Title WMJWAM This fesearch--is fi t@6f-all intended to@p@ the developrent of young childrer@ts-@understanding of oc@cupatiowi -roles-w4.1-thin their - a@,iareness-dhich- they@@@yol@@ society, and the d of2@Ah@@ -way- ik@ which a prestig"r@@"tus system is- associated with it seek-.% to exoloi@@Ah6 degree-to which oersonal--66fiuct,- vicai-ious contact (via tei@vision)-and linii@,-ed-co are influenc63@On-the degree 2 cepts, Tt .rd., it attempts to assess tne influence of-the childi 11 s backeround factors- 3,,;ch inte igence, p on his learni.ng@about@7tne rel4ti66@@hips-betv@wvo7rk and statvas- Y,ethod3 The research-will7AMo ve-16t@@@ng and testingj, with-iristru.---- --- purp le ments design6d-for-the 2 one throtigh eignt-in-th The 31801 childt4&7jctirrentiy-e,,iroiiiW6aMwiepresent t@UEF-rut"nd--town children., as socioecon(yotic levelt@@@n-4Mition@_-- a systematic content-anal is@bf children's tel prograits- will be conducted to- e, stablish the nature of-occupational portrayals on -this------ mass medium,, tr@essurenent,, and nurerical treatir.@ent-of@@data-,Ciill-be--u-s-ed-wf@e-.re-ver out the resparch4-@@7kn-extended Research Plan has-beea Prepared whie'r., outlines tY4e rethods irivolvtd i"ach pha@@e-:m re co7lpletely* - Coale4.ed Phase&::kA Pro Proj@@@ in The rost si.gnititart at@@has-t4e@ft the develd"t------ of and partial-to3ting of-th4 Octup6ti6ris T4@@f6t ycpng-children This test consists of-18-@6@@tds,-eacn-portraying a 2-otrffon occupal-lion graphic or csrtooni-like--f6i-v@Tho-s-e-dta-,-din..--s-were prepare., by a pi@o-- fer,3ion&l artist ' anJ they occa,,pational concepts in the sa.atple-s studied* 2 From the point of view-of th6@@child-the Oce-,opatiotis Test apmrs to be a 'it.-ame'4 which-they:play=Xith,,-the interviewer.-! Each of the eighteen cards-contai:n3-a careful 166t"-@@@tional-rolet The cards are divided into three sets of-tit76trd"-c"n the basis of-the kind and degree of contact the-ordinary-chil(i has had with the occupations in the set. That-is, each set repres@6nts-a 3-t--Of role3'vith whi h the child has had either personal., vicarious (via T. V.)i or-li-mitod contact. Witbin each set-Che@oce@@Latlo 9-are status -gra-ded-such pre3tigious and h-trtible-occu2pati-ona--are represented-with tnrtemediate--- categories arranged-i-n-between. With the use-of-this-instmment' -it has be-en possible t6 obtain- a Roles score (indicati,ng-the extent-to whith-the subject is with the actual funCtiCn3 perforred by-t;i,-@- occupations)2 score (indicating the-degree to which-the-subject-une@erstands the- sition occuppied by the-occupational categories-in the prestige hierarchy). This instrument alib:@iii@@lude&--plctorial repre3eatation3 - of -eor"n status symbols. Fo--2---mple----hbusi"i@ihging from a mansion to-a-3h&ck) r 'Dxa iTF;7Z@@alopy)-are shown.- The-c@dld and cars (ranging-from a-limoll subject is asked to indi6@t"hich- occupation would k3siss@2iwhich-of these criteria, Yore -abstract cri-ti.3ria- such as-authorityi@-- educations dress anti-wealt"ill-@41so be explored. Although the xea3uremeat@techniqtie3-have been-pa rtially@pr tested,, they need-further refinerrient-before-actual research begins- 2 A pilot study is now:::oeid"tartod-for-th-e-p@@@@refinifteinst r-ents., improving intervijeiltechni-qtfes, and deteloping sampli-- Prelis,dnary te3t3-of::-"veral-hypq@@@l be available@ from-this,.stu 'when it is Tixe Re2quired to Complete the@Yor@-f-or-Which Ai d ILLou Lht: It is antcipatcd that the-suc)oort cou @t4--3che&-led-as-followsi- (1) Lid would start- ia the sum.,er. of -1960, (2)- continue -(-luring the 1960-61 academic year"nd-()-t4iminate at 2the end of-the-3urme"f 1961. These foi@i@(1)@-furthe'r@pl*jia@- and pratestings, (2)_a-vlajor data gathering-pgrwi, an(i (3) an analysis and writing periods Qui-lifications of the Organizations Of-Individi.,als Involv!ed2:@-@---'@- I teach a variety of cotirse"t-sll:71e--vels from treshrran to graduate.----- These include Mass- catibt@i-Re3@sitVMothoda S6@dial PsychologT- Bablic Opinion anI-Fropagand&-Gi*ftate Seminars, Introdiietory Socio.2- logy,, etlc,,. I have-publi3h*d-a-niumber of-rez-earch-artiole5-and-monographs in such fields as atti-tudt--reasurtjient hwt4@ ecology-$- r-a-s.,e relations------ mass comml@nicatic-n and -others -- (St"ttd-@ -Viu) The pi-oject-will-require-o-ne-graduate studeftt &33i.Stanti-who will work either on -a -part -tixe--b83i&--or-for-- sh -ort--pe-ri-o-ds -on -a-full - time basis* This person wi"@.1-assist-with technical-work Such is sampling,-4 prete-stingp intervievingj@-abstracting-of previous research, etcs Lturi.,ng the rajor data-gathering-period-svpple-mentary hold, paid -on an hourly basis, w-ill be-req);ire Llthough this-p@k@icLlar project has had no pre -earch grew-out ot-a stuoy@@@ el LLThis@@pr Of 0 es -was supported-by-f@iO@-=---- f rop. t@l 13 ESTD4ATFD BUDGr-,T- of or the - Swwr iij,466.66- 1961 (T-f an -inc -rease - in base pay front lresen+. $61 2 occurs th.ig will be adjusted to or Salar associato th p4ji@ -interviewirig. tabulji-tion as-3ist vi $1.,600.00-----3t.ati.3tiC&"hily*@@d-relAted--problwa-*- be eith6t@lhalf time for-1960-61 or fuu-tim for summe -6o and-61-or-some-combination-of part-and ful3-+. of 21;000,,00- Salat",6ii7@d oral interv ewers during major data. gathering period. 250*oa@ ry- content--an-al@rst6j,-200 hours at 61*25 per hour,, 2 About 4007hdU*@@ 500. be-ne&led::a-t--41, 25 typwi: ogra --sor --c nd some --simple ing, _-a- 2 statistical - COMP44@@@@@ Fees-and c@osts invol-y6d :Ln-th6@@ tio " f-draving3 275,007 one_ Test@- arki-related izwtrww2nta,, These@-;wt be doneL@"0- f4iti@6m -art s a -photogri tachnioiAi47@@ ---Ttto"f-Pftneit@171nvestiZator &M/or assistant fox@ 75.00-7700t2oo@"_ of- :Lnt-orviever oup@@@i--on and re -Pr em The---B-iigi*oa imvolwas rural--irii3i-- SUER )4ixgogriph p4Lpe-rj typ@ing stencils 100,00 7 for adouistration of-f work space ma@h- 46AO56,66 OZI,-rA- TOW, k Research-Plan- Introduction The Antrican -Society is- one characteriz(@d,, f6i the nost part) by an open cla,.is -syste,,n coupled with_ a--strorigly=AVhasized cultural theme of uf,-ward-nobil!147@@hj@@2@@@h u-oward mobilit is througli en ocoupatior@4@@ ual, the seleetion of and be one of It'he-most 3ignif his lif eftycl--e-i Just as aiii-mls- rian -s rue ure., iMerite,,4 capac2ity or learning abriit t@6-occupy a particular niche in the web of life-- -the hcM-6-individiial7ih-@@trirlitb@@i i3t .4mat occupy. a Dosition in the web@6f@@jiW@k -To-,-do this-he Must-b equipped, by the time occupational'2@"16&tiWis-Ude,- with alttitudess motivations-pnd i-nfofiii4ti3n about@fii"li6"h7otd4ptiortal-role so that he can successfu-il"jqtt-to the way 6f-lif"liieh a particular-- occupational At the 16*@6"fAhCind2ividual;AWoo--upational career will- detelr,nine in many vays-the- li:f4: be followede- -- For- exam,ole, a -nants@w--o-rk-i-s-&-n-im-po-rft;&n-t de et4t@@"-hisLposition the class stracture of his local --14&ny-studies-have-:@shown--- that the impact oLAIA::@@nity;@4nd-ind@@6d the-larger-societyp is to a si7able extent-mediated by the indiv-iduall*@@ition in this 1-ihis is most-true- of-Ame-rican-male.3 'out it is bp-conting lnereastr@gly---- true of wmen as-the status of ferniles in our-society contitiuos change. s*ice, educatiort-for offsPr!Mf class structure. The-distribution of ju tancy,, exposure to the artisti.0 mater,,al nottforts-life ariO-healthi@@ 2 -have been-sho@m-by P.-)Iitica,l an@,_religious beliefs heritage, and even past research to be cli5oiy7@@@-to-the-social class hierarchy,; coniii------- sequently to be related-to-the prestige hierarchy of occupationsi-@n-- short., perhaps--few other-decisions have the significAftce-that-the---- decision of occupati-ora3@@th6iwhas-for the individual--atte,,ipting_to relate hinself to-an industrial@@iety=i==@@@ The iirpcrtance of occu tior@al7c,-io2i.@"nd-occupa@-.ional resti e can also be di&eu-ssed at the-societal@16'@el@@The surviyal@of7aV-t66ie-ty in the co,iplex-bal6@nOe-of modorn-international relatioa&-may be linked to that -society's ability tt@@cruit-capablt- in2dividualls into------ a variety of key-oocupations-@-Thi@F--widely--,@'iscussed-i tions in scientific a-@d technical education vhith-have oocurred-i6-the Soviet 1!-don nmy po s" orobleik@of sur@vival.for the A@nerica,,i so,.,iety tech2niques can-be-discovered-for-in@lucing potentipl recruits-to enter vital job c,- tegoriesi the American so(-iety may f!,nd-itse@@@t- stripped in decades to-co@ae-----This-is@trujt--mt-onl"f oc-upations----- which have potential@MliVar-y significance,, but of those@-72which-are central to the-conti,nued existence of a peaceful-W ietyi At present, we not only lack suf-litient ene;inters-and scientists for hp, rocket racep but we-litk-tnough toacher3,-,--ohysicians nurses and other-u-ro- fessionals @o-provide-basi3c services to all 16"1"f our pooulation, Given the - impqrt@@ of -6coupatiortal@@choice - f or -both the - individ-- ual alnl his soci6ty,-it is-difficult to vinderstand vhy so--littl6 is known about the l@@ng Droces3- whereby childron-f orm - conceptions of the occupational-world@@ht@@@646W!k:p-l*@@7in lnportant uart in determining -choice,-Those -itno deal with oo,-upational guidance of youngsters-)- say--a"he7)1@school-16vel@@-freoupntly corit>Wn that the deterainalti-r2. of the occu or oreferences-of, ch4..'Ldren -s particular-,-many children ai@e ill-inf6rm6(.@--4bout-this--mr@y occ-,upati-,nal roles which-may-be-ope4@@t to the@n. Others-havt@Lih--@dnd2-ii@e@tlisti@@coal-@@S6,M@H67should 00 --Lorwar by virt,,ie of -cadacity be -1 - k-i d carreers:@as7--hewers@7of wood and drawer"f-vater envisiWth6jitelve@ in nrofessioral o imna.-erW. rolesw-=::::stil others-seem-to stleot or-avoid-a7@Ziven77- occupation on-the-basis of-=p@@diti,%teL-oj@@gative stereoty-ped-beliefs about the a-sixiy2"r o child -@@eirLi.-interAewed:@7about@7the7@@@teria-ti@b"f-occu tiom role3 recent o the t want to be -a scientist because at ar,@; minute,R====== Thusi- lack of information, stereoty_2ued beliefs-or-shared-mis- urv(lerstan6in,gs concerning-the-reqtiire-,n-ents;-@@du+,iO@@ and-rewards-of------- vari-us o@,-(-up&'Llional- mteg s-f or botli individuals-ani-their-so-ciety.-'------ The General-Ptob For the-reasons-outl.ired-in-the-orev-iod@-bara-,re-,hs)-@the uoler- standing of oc:-upatiorLRI@rolps which@bMldreff=d6"lop during the- for--,rati-ve years needs carefu"tiidk@7@7@hild'4@--@erstanding of the kintis of work-l.nvolved in various-o--Cul!ctions,-their-relal.ivp--Prestigez------- Rrr. the Personal- b@e i-oortajit deter. - ,.-iners of the Occup-atiortal choices w-4ich--he-will-later--m&ke-as a young ul-t. ad ition,- his k-.-iowlpd@e--o-f@--oo,@,,upational-roles-and-th2eir relativa staa@,tis vill:undoubteily@Wr,;%-@ti,e the way in which he relates himself to proble,n of @can=be stated very, simply:r&Sr@fol't-O-W-Sl. mlhe iajor@@Duroos@"f-2@Lthe sttidy-isao Drob6 the devel----- op,nent onpl roles-in-@7 their society, an,@-the awareness which the3t-hav'e of the occupational.@@tat Tli,@@ Dr,@sent p@-ob-lem2:tho-4-is one of@-tracint; the: early744v@ldp@i4ht of occupationxl@@@@§@ia.1 should-be emdhasized- that th@.3 is to-be of-chil-dr-e-n-l-s-growui,@ awareness- 04. 2 the significenr-.,3 of workp:Aoq@not an "applied" st7ud.@r-of--actual recruitment*; tile s!O@r-as",.,Lnes.as a--premi4,;e -that -3axl@%, conceptualizatiori-maTt@@ii-t6@latsr-occupatiorAl-2c ce* 'qowevers beAPore-thisLbr-emisA--can ',)A- ful!TA@q"ptei-ai-fact mirical verification of th.iS@:pNp@@sit on need@@be-i%dO@@u-ch:--ein-rirical verification mtio.',-awai"K"utw@@@'-studies (sie'll as-t..he-oresent) which first seek to ezt,,-,,bli3h--t@,e-nature of-children's-work and P.-estice concep" In adtlitiorl-to-th,!%-general-Droblsm aboie, a nxmber---of -siibsidiar-y2----- problen@. "-'hese ,-orcern tye-sources of anti the 'A'un@-tiiair4; of backgroutic@@nri,@bles which may facilitpte-or;;@@---- inhibit a-deo.-lal%,e-de-.reloprwnt-of:@-6coup@l@li-4c@@ion, --"'huzj, ll,e- ir@,fluer.ce 3@ich-v&riableA:@as-social classp- ate,, intell-.ience-,-tYe- mass r@-,eiip-, :ize cx-)n-cELt-,ions T.-Iich chi]-dren irS!iiEncc;s are -oc o, dsscribed t --DI WhiOn is 2 hi,, e,.On. Jr. there ar h-- ascremen+,--proo' ems sti-ti,,te t.'-Ie ',,ieart or the-resear-ch. ties-P -re 2 the roEt isahe-probirie, of @,.he cb--Idren's .;nderstAAan@_- re@;ar@,l 4-Ini. roles-and-s-tatu,,R clished by a special rt@scarch instr,Lrier@t thi., Put-h@-,r hqs 2 and pretestini@-or. children -,n grades-1 thr-:,u,--li-4,---hi-s@-@- develop rese@irch instrument., in the-f'ol-m-ol@a-@ gam" --which children wt@i-le bein@v_ inte=yiived - is-descrll)f2,:' in@eetail--in sectior, Briefly qtate(,.,-,--it@7cof)si6ts of set-R-:Pf cards wit'n: pict-oria-,L@-styl-ized ortrayals o@.' occupational-cc@tegories ane. status-syn@4s4, -These=------- 2 p serve as a basis f6f@discussirig-occ,u,,iati-ons and oceapatiortal-st-atu-s wit'r the child, --ri'he d;)vice is intended to Y-_elcl nAmericil-s6dte@.- - irviicati-ng @he-extent of' know)eclj;e--whi(-h a child-possesses concern-rg a selected set-of occupntions,--an(I-the-de,.-ree-to-.wt.@ich:@@@rectly rank th.", in@@ resti@,e,-hierarchy.- -a@ t problea@ Another m2e -.jremen -is cop(-.,-rred-with ref ini nE the-- above- insti.iment., whieh at present has been-only parti&ll- Lretested. This Y-. i:)quires a cortent-analy-sis_-o2f=televisi@:n proera-is-whi(@h children view, --he-puroose- of this pi,ocedii.-a is-to -ain an acc,.irate-picti-ire - of the taltii$,@@n as a learnint-75OWee-tl7ough which childre--r 2 can ac,,iiAre-understanding about occupat-@onal roles and st,atuse- On the 'n;@e@s o-f oreliminary lnve5t-,igp,'-.ior it-P,@,Dears that conterit Dro ides children-with-F-'@'un'Lque verspectivell in that it--- 6 -bf--pre tends to dis,,ort the level certain occupational catezories. Stil" a third measuremer-t problem involves assessing the back--@ ground of each-child-in terms of social-olassj,-age., sex -intelliEence.,- that is, the-variablo@"i@@@@ above-in the paragraphs-d@@@ 2 subsidiary proble,,rs- The research will be-con(lucted in-two phases, The-first of::-thest@@--- has been ipatelv 100: cliildrt@@grades I @iM The pixrpose- of this study is basically.to- rfi@@"t6thnique, ThO2 itigtru-m-ents.-hypot@Msesp samplirg and interviewin@-,IprQcedures vill@@evel.6p--ed-durirC-this ilo"tudy, Phase two viYjfb#::kAiorA7:@@@ended---ttud"f -b@oproximat-el 200-to 3(,)O---- 2 children ffdK-6ur li@@"f child.-ren-in graies 1--thiough 8 in th In s.hortp the-research would orobe and test +,Ii-e-extent of childtents concept formation in- the area- of status knowledtk:Wcernirg, occupa2tiomlf:6etegories, IV-@@@ld arso-@see,c -dgo ThUg-;@-the i-d to inoreasA::@nit this knowle 0 contact mith-sl OCCI*4tio0@@@rioqs contact (viaauss media), intellit;ence---cl2;i@@@ltural the.K6@@-and-age willbe-investip-ated as a starting olnto It--is--firTily believed that otheriveriables-and-- - learninf, sourCe3-wilX@l@"iscovered which- W14@@e this,-impor-tant (but lit-r.1*7ttOied)--aspi@qct_of the life-of- the l@i tht-child's deTolo@@@f-thou-ht and reasonini;., accordi.6t -7 to Pi,a.-,ret," the exterral the child but is evolved-and billt-uVby-a-slow@tprocesse The elt to br= absolute in early @r@@@h.ild sees eyerything his own point of view; to wYi-@,, the tenn "6gotentricity@2"-is Progression in the- child I @kL@,16-ve-looMnt -is- gradual --and cumula-ti with significant differ,-,n@,,es---in "6ng childf@"f di.,:ferent agesjuntil-firalIY77t4@@s an aopearaait@"f more-non- egocentric reasoning*- 2 With the evolution of increAsinglv@@io@"ipn behav,.Lor intc, the develor-,,ment-@@of-la he@child a.^auires-a-ski h-e-nabl6@67---- him to comfr@unicati@::t@,e fettures of the situation to which he@is 7@ responding, Throu K--the abi 0 Con% cate, the advanctrveftt-@@@- the socializa.-,ion7-of- the--child progms§es rApk4ly @The combosition ofi@@@@ the child--fdfmulates is-defined by Vinacke3 as "cognitive organizing -,s.,istems -which se.rve@Ao2-bring pertinent feiturt"f@@ost e>Terien@--e to bear upon a present stimulus@@ object w.1-doh'the@childfo@@@@ t@,Preby evoki@@cesses-where the ------ - object is ijiterpreted and lihk6d-vi-t"he-other concLrrent--activities------2------- of the orgarLi3m--in A syste@.natic An(.' consiste-n@, manr-ier,"- Child-ren!i-h6tioh"f soo.;.al relationships-@qin to mature-as tl.eir thinkin.--evol"t:lfrom-the-egocentri6@@- The-r-e-T.-@ no-expct-agree- ment on a defii.ite-n=erica!7:67@@Whd@W@Awit@@@menters have- I>iaget., Jeanp ThO@7Child'S ',oncepti,,ir, of the 'tipild ,6-168. Pp. lt 3Vinackej, I.. L,j "Concept-'-or.,%tiort-in Children of School A'9 Education, :vole-@@74, Pp. -527-'@z3@40 have been widely stu&ied,--.Vor- studies-related-tothe exklfto es acquisitior, ol-recial-ittitudes-and the-race concept-have been qxilt-e nwnts-rous, One-of-the-earii identific-ation-in-children of-a,@es-3 to-7-yeara,-was to-a large extent influenced@iby-the-conere-t"act-of their-own skin-color. This woul..' indicate-t@at-at-an e-arl"ge-the fram -of reference- the child is not-ab3tractiV"h"bj*aiVi--*--Th--e--2--e-x-tent to whic children interiorize-adal.t7h@6@@ong these lines was-studied-b 6 Horowitz ard-Horowitz, Considerable-effort-in this study was devoted to establish what noras existed, foll-o-viit-2 -which the C)uldren kvre@.tested,-7 The - results indicated-that.the.at-ti-tudes of-children were assimilAt6d- as a functiDn-otAhii@dev-el.) ent of - social awareness' ati4i noti@s irply- as a function7of -:k@tal:j@lopment. 2 Racial@@@ gious conceptions-of-child-ren'were@:iinvestijzated-- by Rr-:ike, Trag". and Daviss' Tho re's t3 showed a-more -prevalent----------------- impact of d.Dm, irant cultur-al:Vilue"W"hd!4id4"riatio-ns-. in L onvi,ron-ment and personalitk@@@@@@ of of recial &W. religloxw i44*4x@M children -of ages yeart;@@but thera were Therefore,, it was concludedi prejudites dtve rom:thi7k!i" learninp, the 2 children were-exposed too ----- Clarks K* 3, and Clark,,-M,-Pop- "Racial Identificl9tion-and Preference- in Negro Cliil&7e-n-," Reading-$- in Social-P-- P-i-781@886 !L@ l@o @$ p- 6Ho2rowitzo go Lo and Horowitz, R,, E. --RTh--e-D-e-v-el-opment of Attitudes in Children voi,, 1,, pp. 301-338-i@@- ?Radke, M,,,-TrtOG-H @*M-Dav-la H, "Social Perceptions and Attitudes 8graphs----I- 40,-Pp 329-340---------- vo of '%'h-ildrei- 4 Geneti P--- @ave likewise-investi,goted the areas of morey hese-stiidio.-s have dealt idth ascending- levels of knowle,,Jge of -the-- co,,Ice pt from the concrete recognition of the conceot to-a more-abttt46tivep deductive avolic.!%tion-of:ths-&-con--- CeDt,, '-ach sta-Ke- of -advance,,netit presti-nes cee,,ain prerequisite 1.6ain- ing pr4.or to later developinent@@ @wstu-d-iesof-concept-development have-... been concerined mai-n-ly;yltb@@Lp-t-i-ons-of whpt chi"-dreri of @various -10 ages know about a certain-concept.- or example.. Std:ndler- -- -in a- st@d@-- of t-lie cbildren--ot-7Jfbgti6@"linoisp--illustrated-how tYe-knowl,-,4-a of social class-gradual@@@@iscrimiriative-a:nd-systeratii,,*-- The awareness-of-social-clais-differences w-as founeto devel6o:-S-2ldi)4@@@ passing throuk;h fc@@sta pre-awareness@7 beginnirig of awarenessi@@faectptatto of adult-stereo@@k-@@cognitio",@l' individlzl differences n-soo a @pe@l.fic@ Hypotiese3 In a2ttempting to st4d"he -e-hild's concept o." o.:cupational@Lf6le------ and awarenes,s of-the:@@@@@tibnal-status system, it is noltl-intend,-d--- to illustrate-the-prtrequisite learn4-n-,- foz,-rution, The-childreii@@este(i -Jirectly for knowledge of occupational roltso-- "ill include-r-pcognation of the occupationa, dtfinitions) funotions, and locations of-the various occupationse- In- 'Schuesslerl K.-and-Straus@@A-*)-- "A Stvd.,,r- of Concept learning by Scale Analysis," American SoStol vol. 156, 9Weinsteinpi6e 1- Itt of -th-s- -Cop@e i eV$, 2@--of F'la,- in Chi ldren of niversity, lostendler,# i3,,, Children--of Dr1 testin-- a-@rareness-of the -occ,.ipc-.tional stptus system, which is def ine4 as ti-ie occupations irito-cnte-@,ories t t e t C> - - -- - - j_ 0 h ype 2 of -,cor< or@ P.1cn-: a scale-c.'- @,resti@;a superiority artl- inferi,@-rit,,, -ie-rtain-l'stati-@s '-'or 'lo be c-@te t. o ry he i-@ a@,@ion6 tnese@@oacti-,rs-i-.i-@ist '-,e -re d-m-.d-as-t,entativee They-re,,)resent@@ data:@.&Pthered in-- the A. From ev-4.dence@:::::::i iks@@@@howrt---thqt the chronoloe;lol:@Z@@@@@@@@ed-to hi,,, 1-@@te 1 @T; of comeot@learnihg t,qe in-l@k@ded ocovapatidml coftc,@- 2 'g"f the child. A erLild-nusti@fposses@@:t,,ie f,,-cts of a cor@ce,-t be,"ore lie more-abstr,,i,,t--@L LL@;@u-ent_l,t@@a knowle e@of@Ae f a-kpowl@e,4,ie of tre- occ,upat i.Dnal- sta*.us- Frorr ouz-s@@6lety@"tron- micidl&--61-qss enp@os-A."n-status-and up,.,ip.r(i mobili 2 e-wi-11 '--e certair, effects on t@Le-children of .this --ss-me@,icers--.o- o-i tht=@t-'Ld@wili; -t're@@@efore@@@ the occupati:)Pql--status systei---orodu@.,in,-.@-more. arw,' e;2rlier,-777@ ai,,arenes,. alnon@ r ',lose and perscr-al-contpct-witti an will result in a ,Pore acute of the ot,-jecte Conse,li;iE-rtly;7)direct p-,rsonal - contact with specif icLo@@6i@@tional roles -wlll- acquisitioa - of - IM&ledgi7766h-c-eriing - these roles in contrast to occupations of-sli@,-Iht@7or vicari.-.-us cont.3cto E. In 2 of -"carious nature Is ix@56@t '.In@@r4Os fa-,niliarit5t--with-an - object. It-l'ollows-that the@@6xposlire-to oc--upations through ce 2 relativel,- greater-rarillari@t@@@i-n occui3ati,)nal roles as o,):@,o--ed @to-others--which--are-not vicariousl"orttacted4,,,,, Fe Due to cul-Tlural-then-ies--cl.iid@:soci,,iliZa-ti@-rL--4.Vp2tWsizirle the nal, necessity--p@r-choosir@@-@ ti.Onal-rolesl$ male ahildi@@6h-will be more a,.Nare-of - the@@@ies. Thi"foii@ -i dif-f erence@ia-+,he@@kh6-w edge ot the-two sexe"ll result b,-2caulse-of the-cultVi@41--roles--- assigned td--each, G* Intelligenceħ@bein,-; a-,Lactor in thq of-children- the -h6"e4@lo- he once-pts as fal less-bri,,@ @@hildr46@ll .@ht or early, ,s those-ot@@r,,ge and--siDeri@@"telUkence-6--@--AccordiriZ the intelli@@@-of. the@f@ldr-i6@4i!!Anfluence their devel of knowledge bf@@Datior.,ql-role.--and oc@--uoational stptus,- (A ra+.ins,-of C> tests, thertf ore it is -po"ibl"o use,-tnd test; this Method Stated in overview- the st,,id,'-will irivolve a -@sretes9tirLc; -@,hase a later more elaborate ohase an#j one or two irL,@n.,)r )hasest@=@@To carry- out these studies, samples-of chil(ir-en w-ill be se-le-.1@ee,) a test of kn,wle@ige of oc-nupatiorial roje@Land status will-be administered- to - t4e samolrs (alonc-with backar6und questiorlnaires)i and the -parents will be irtervie-wed fo"dAAtioml ieornationi-@With-t,'-,iese &@ta 2 the st-atistical@6rodedures"6@@- of -tl,!,s work has already-beem started. The orocedures iftvolve-a--qtLibe"f methods wyiich--are disc@@"d 15@love 14@,e selection-of-sa@Vl-es of-children for study has-been-great!Y@@-----' sirr.,-,lified by some work w@-i-c'---hasLLheer@-already@oomleted list has been o@)tained-sliowine each child in-g_rades---o--ne- thtough-eight enrolled iii-th Tliis 2 district ificludes@@al-a&--well:7a@s-to-dn-r-h-ildreh;-in additiwi@-a@7- number of rti@@ted-in thii population. For each@o"te-31801-children-on this master ist,,:E7"taare available as:@@to age,, school"rad,-.-(and-of course,-sex), - In each of these@::children-haaLrecerLtl@ taken a group tv - . pe intellitik@@ test alnd these-scores-are-avaLi!Abli@@Sih@@-t,,-ds list is-but-a-few months oldi it 3hoqld7@@ially@@reat by the time -thp, major--LL------ pl,A,ses of the-study-are-und4@@@@@@verp it is anticipat-&-U' t'rat some minor di3tortiQns-ma)@.be int-rocluce4l-by--,M-tg-rationo----If -pretesting 2 ind,icates that-the list contains-errors, it will- be brought upto date., -iii.1 be-administered-where needed. and addit'lonal,-U@tel igerice tist@ Discussion with-school authorities has indicoted that-thi-s should-6a- be to2o exten3ive-a protlens- For the pretest-or@irst phase of the study$ approximately a- h,mvdred children-will-be selected from-one of the larger schools-o the list, Ttd,a first obase has already been-started, After the cil;,ring fzhich "rlst:ruments and cOmPleti-on of this techniol@'es Will bP- -ref irLed.-- t@,e -:rzjor st-ud@- oi tw@^ to three el-,ii2.dren will-2*-,, urtdertaken, Each @,1-.ild w-4-11--,-,*-@@iveri---the-Occupations--Te3to This@Ust-yr"Lelds----- two mepsures, a @toles-Score-and a Status Scoret- With these-dat4 and the i-rLf-)rt:-oti2on on-sociil-clAst@@intellig-tnde.-a-g-ei etc*j,- which d-M--- also be ga t@.ered-for-e@ich si,-b4ect-i-Ihe kvpot'-Ieses outlined earlier can be tesAP-da Ho,@ieverii;L deta4Lled-d6sdription of the present fom of the mali2n me-astirino,-instrument will Ve-heloftil- 'Ahe Occupations-@@@- The Occupations@Te-s-V n@rre@ntly-4@onsists of -thr-et--S-e-t3 Of Each of tliest-th ich six particular ,ree sets--has si2x daiNJt, Upon wh -Po occupations-are-reprtsented "L'hese@occupational rtrayals are n the f om of::@htmUe drawings., sorieth-ing like --cartoonsi7:@-peh of which shows-&:iman clothekl in the -garb typical-of -2A part,.culAr@@@4pationi@---- For examples @ a it sh&vm on one card with pick-i-n hanj wearing overallss! boots and a li@ht on -his hate--OtKe" portray--qc-c tions such as architects, bookkeepers, barbers, minister&i7@ete. Ih@the 2 three set,3-of-eards-a total of-ti--hteen-occupations are portmyed. kil are male otoupationas each portray-al is rather stylized and- simol:Lfied,, and tt@,e-same-"Pan" app-e-ors ir, ep(,,h, The thiee sets-represent occupati.ons-with which 2the--chil,!-is likel,@- to have-had differtht-de-gret"f cor-tact, C@re-set includes 31X ty-oldal occur4tions with which the--ordirary cliil,-4 has ontact (J,,e pt@ysiciani:@ministers-teacher-postran., barb3ei, and c j a n i t or A 6a he -r - s- -e- -t-- i- n -c--I-u- d- -i-@ -§7 -ty-p- i-@ -4 --I -o6@ up -a -t-i on s vi t h w @-i c hthe ordinary child-has had vi-carious-conta.,,t,, prirwrily through T V (iseeg 3Cienti,,tt airlib" ot s nger sheriffj, bartender and--raneh hand). The -third-set of cardt!:PP@rtf&YI@@@ns with which -the ordinary child has-),ad very or vicariouslyo-(These-tnelue."tockbnker- architect,, buildt4d@-- contractori bookeeper, teloh2om linernan,, and miner), Thus.-$ the three sets of cprds correspond t"hree-@:dea@@es or-@@@f contact by means of which the-averagt77ahild-could-acqaire knowle4@e about such oev.,pa- tional roles* Another f@@'t-41@2"f-the@@Occupations-Test-is-tl,,tat eac.-t set of o4@,rds represents occup-tions at six--diff@@tihtLlivils-of-o-@-@cupationa e.- For example,, - the@@@@an and janitor repr@@ oodosite @ ends of -a preati@.-e continuurufoi@@ot46na c@nt--ac--t--octupatiop6.--The remai four oceiipetions-within-tliis-set "ve-been reoresent------ ir.tervenir@g incre--sin&E@"*'I""tatuss -A 2 s ix withi-n of@@-ttit@ sets of cards@7@hV@ - general---liiVbl" o-ecupptional presti-ge are@@repre-sented7i"h@@@fi@@ test* - lihese cards,-or rather the occupations which a,-e--)ortrayed- were 2 selected with the use preatii;6-LL levels cortesponl-roughly i-x eV@-ls-of-social c)-ass-eniime-rated by W. Lloyd l@kI.1 occupatiortal to revision, arner., '.4. Lloyd, 3Meeker$--',Itarchia., and Felg., Kenneth, Social--',lass--- la_ky@erkc-@s G@ica,@os @:tcience @esea-rl,h Associatet,_1949# Uoi)er-up@,er 'Jpper-lower- Lrts of c7-tildren's viewing habi.s; co(mnents of' stlmple children - from the pilot study,--the2-rec)orts-of-te,16'Vision broadcasters-who design progra.Ts for children,- -and- r--@@orts-o@f comercial- polling agencies -w@'no--arialyzc---'Loc-al- audie-nceso---These-vari:)-@.,s-data should reveal -of the 2 --m a 60od picture -pro,?ra.%s .05t@-.-he-@-1 viewed by t,@,e sa,np'4--e universe.-Th"#77pro@;rairs will @Lhen 'oe viewed as potertipl lp,a.r-nj-rj@, sources f rorr, which -1-@-ildren ca.r.- ootrain -irif or.-.iatiori about --@CGX)atiorki-1 roles and occuoatiorial orestie-e A rardom sam!31e of tt-ie seiZ-rne,,its will-t.@ert-be-devised These will 'oe catefories :,,ortrayed., (2) the ro-le:::7perfoi@-.@ances-o-.7. the prese,,,t,?tion-(That is-- -,;hat k'lnds of work or f,-@natiDns the-occupatioml enei.Lqbetit is and (3) the-status-charadtetisti@@t-6f-the.-pottrayals-@T1,1@@third-cat@@ko@@--@--- will i-r,,clude-i.-r,-.)lications-of relatiV6;@5@tig"u2ggestions-of Idgh incomj L;oodsi or excl,,isive7intetAztion, possible., within the limits of budF,6t the-content-analy*itf@f@@- will include-atte,-nDts-td:g@@s"h@-relia-Vili@"f-2the-categorizatiorzo_--- This can identical-@oroe ftZh@@@ degrse o gr- ul(., -betore- ir,,dex-of reliabilikv,-, Thi reatlv facilitate the selectio n - of:::- 2 children- hate Ovic..-ariousl-contact. interest offereil to the child:iVdien"§- This-section--li@tt6 the statistical P)@@@s-plann@@@for tfie. b@2@-@o'lasizedtthat@tthes---- are hypqtheses derived for the of the resep-rcq. The more defirLitive_nhaSO@-tmav--rp-o,,iire-revised hvD,:)theses or7otherS of @,,real@er co!;,Ic.,Itkity,@@A. certair flex7ibiliV-is necessary-in-this ty,pe of resc-are.. to take- "count of - emer,@irig--prgpositions-6--7- Thu47@E-- it is not pwgiblc---at this tirre- to speIlL -6ut the orpt,,ise relqt-.onships that will-@,,)ie te-sted in the lirger phase of the research,-- however; it is-anticipate(,' that ttie ljiq@"tud@ wiU-foll