MY Approved For Release 2000/08/19 :CIA R P_96q.-M-11 FC~ Final Report January 1982 Covering the Period October 1980 to September 1981 0 COUNTERMEASURES: A SURVEY AND EVALUATION (U) FC~ woo proved --pternational/ For Release 2000/08/10 333 Ravenswood Avenue - Menlo Park, California 94025 U.S.A. cot Ir'l-ri T1A1Y- q1n-'17'z-,)n.i(,-r Approved For Release 2000/9M 0 CIA-R 6-00787ROO0300050001-5 i7' MI md ad an am No dw =i CONTENTS I OBJECTIVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 II INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 III LITERATURE SURVEY AND EVALUATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 IV THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR PSYCHOENERGETIC INTRUSION . . 6 V RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY BY CATEGORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Approved For Release 200 -iblA 96-00787ROO0300050001-5 O~/-1-0 Approved For Release 2000/.=.IOT-':-'CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0300050001-5 moo TABLES 1 mental Intrusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 suggested Psychoenergetic Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 d For Release 2 8/10 :,CIA P96-00787ROO0300050001-5 0(7 -7 f I OBJECTIVE The objective of this program is to determine from a search of pertinent literature whether countermeasures may exist against psycho- energetic intrusions. Furthermore, should countermeasures exist, those most likely to yield results are outlined for further investigation. MW so Approved For Release 2000/08/1D : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0300050001-5 -A ..'Approved For Release 20001~~- ~_RDP96-00787RO00300050001-5 4W II INTRODUCTION Should countermeasures (CM) against psychoenergetic intrusion exist, they will be accomplished by physical or by mental processes. Physical countermeasures, such as various forms-of shielding, implicitly assume the existence of psychoenergetic interactions with the physical world. In the parapsychological literature, such interactions are referred to as remote perturbation (RP), psychokinesis (PK), telekinesis (TK), etc. Countermeasures accomplished by mental processes are difficult to define and even more difficult to investigate. Like jamming a radar signal, mental CM would most likely use the same process as that of the intrusion. Examples of potential mental CM drawn from the occult literature are psychic attack," "hexes," and the like This report focuses upon physi- cal CM. To determine the feasibility of a physical CM device, we must first assess whether simple intrusion detection is possible. The mechanism AN underlying such a detector would then serve as the basis for the develop- ment of a CM device. Psychoenergetic intrusion may be classified into two categories: (1) Material objects are affected go MW (2) Information only is obtained from the remote location. We have surveyed the literature and evaluated the most recent laboratory experiments that address both types of intrusion. This report summarizes that investigation. 2 Approved For Release 200010110 : CIA-R 96-00787ROO0300050001-5 Approved For Release 2006j~k P96-00787ROO0300050001-5 III LITERATURE SURVEY AND EVALUATION To achieve our objective, we have conducted a complete survey of the most recent ten years of parapsychological literature in five different journals. We have limited the period surveyed: I To ensure that the threat assessment of psychoenergetic intrusion is relevant to modern facilities. To make the survey chronologically compatible with a previously completed survey of random number generator 114 (RNG) RP. Sixty-five papers were identified that pertain to RP, exclusive of RNG studies. Combined with the papers reviewed in a previous reportl we now have a data base of approximately 100 laboratory publications of experi- ments that suggest the probability of mental intrusion. These reports fall into categories (Table 1) that can be arranged into a hierarchy of the magnitude of intrusive effect. This same organi- zation yields a parallel hierarchy of credibility that is determined by soundness of methodology and replicability. In general, phenomena reported at the beginning of the table [e.g., effects on RNG, dice experi- ments, remote viewing] tend to be characterized by rigorous experimental design. Remote perturbation effects listed at the end of the table (metal bending, levitation) are more difficult to assess because of incomplete descriptions of controls and the near anecdotal nature of the reports. Most of the papers claiming evidence of physical effects are not subject These journals were the Journal of Parapsychology, the Journal of American Society for Psychical Research, the Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, the European Journal of Parapsychology, and Research in Parapsychology. Approved For Release 20 96-00787ROO0300050001-5 07 -Approved For Release 200 96-00787R000300050001--5 Table I MENTAL INTRUSION Type of Intrusion and Examples Effect of Intrusion I Data gathering Minimal ~ Remote viewing (RV) ~ Out-of-body experiences (OOBE) a Psychoenergetic data selection (PDS) - Pseudorandom number generator - True random number generator II Perturbation of systems and objects Some physical effect ~ Transient systems - Dice throwing - Random number generators - Thoughtography - Spinning coin ~ Biological systems - Paramecia - Small animals - Humans (physiology and movement) ~ Stable systems - Strain gauge - Thermometry - Magnetometer - Bubble chamber ~ Static objects - Metal bending - Compass needle deflection - Moving plastic tubes, small jars, etc. - Table levitation III Unusual or rare RP Large scale effect ~ Materializations ~ Large scale levitations and RP D. D. Home 4 AW Approved For Release 20 Orda J=J AC!Z~96-00787ROO0300050001-5 Approved For Release -20ORLDILIft.-L-r.IA.196-00787ROO0300050001 -5 to evaluation because the descriptions of the experiments are incomplete in one or more aspects. To consider the possibility of physical CM, we are forced to assume that all reports are true, and to exercise caution in drawing conclusions from the data base. In analyzing the data-gathering form of intrusion, we find ample evidence in 104her -literature 213 that RV may be a valuable information-gathering technology. Becauseno reported perturba- tion occur at the time of RV data acquisition, we are unable to recommend a physical countermeasure. However, evidence from two OOBeP5 suggests that there may be a concomitant remote perturbation that can be detected at the time of the OOBE. Whether RV produces similar detectable effects remains to be determined. Analysis of the remaining forms of intrusion presented in Table 1 revealed that virtually none of the papers discussed effects at distances greater than a few meters. (For example, almost all of the metal bending reported occurred with the subject actually touching the object in question.) These observations suggest that the simplest form of countermeasure in these cases may be distance between sensitive equipment and a putative RP agent. Some forms of RP may be accomplished by unusual (but not psycho- energetic) human abilities. (For example, some authors have suggested that RP on static objects may be explained by the subject's ability to generate electric fields.) In such cases, standard shielding techniques would serve as an adequate countermeasure. 5 roffla/tO Cl&-PDP96-00787ROO0300050001-5 Approved For Release 2 do IV THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR PSYCHOENERGETIC INTRUSION do Theoretical understanding of psychoenergetic processes is still in Ing its infancy. With one possible exception, 8P7 all suggestions for mechanisms must be categorized as "plausibility" arguments. Table 2 shows the current theoretical ideas with a brief description ad of each. In order to suggest possible countermeasures, we must assume that a given mechanism is responsible for the phenomena. From Table 2, we see that Mechanisms I and 6 are "normal" because they involve well understood End physical processes and thus have recognizable countermeasures. The re- maining mechanisms, however, have no known physical CM. Yet, to disallow the possibility of some form of mental CM would be premature. no 6 4W Approved For Release 2r~... - -1 DP96-00787ROO0300050001-5 Mechanism Description Possible Countermeasure (1) Extremely low Low frequency electromagnetic radia-Standard ELF shielding procedures frequency (ELF) tion emanating from the -10 Hz (superconductivity and seawater) component of normal brain functioning acts as information carrier. (2) EPR paradox Quantum mechanical argument for Unknown physical CM or mental CM nonlorentzian (faster-than-light) it communication" between separated quantum systems. (3) Hypergeometry The distance between points in normalUnknown physical CM or mental CM 3-space vanishes in hyperspace. Thus the case of access to "remote" information. (4) General quantum Human consciousness is intimately Unknown physical CM or mental CM mechanics involved in the wave function collapse. (5) Advanced waves in Information propagates backward Unknown physical CM or mental in CM Hilbert space time because of the time symmetries of the equations of quantum mechanics. 9 (6) Other exceptional, The ability to modifYBP normal bodyStandard physical shielding but nonpsychoenergetic functioning in exceptional ways techniques human functioning (e.g., large skin potentials, exceptional strength, ultrasonic generation and the like). t Table 2 SUGGESTED PSYCHOENERGETIC MECHANISMS 0 (D -n 0 1 X (D F A) W (D CD 4 00 4 CD CD W CD CD CD C" CD CD C) 731 C" im Approved For Release 2006 P96-00787ROO0300050001-5 C V RECOAMENDATIONS Because considerable evidence for the information-gathering form of we psychoenergetic intrusion exists and because evidence also exists that some forms of this intrusion incidentally affect physical objects, we so recommend that a countermeasure program be initiated. To optimize the likelihood that such a program will have definitive results, we outline here a systematic, but limited effort. Several considerations beyond those of the survey must influence the design of a physical CM program. They are: Devices must be chosen that have demonstrated susceptibility to RP. Devices must be sensitive, yet isolated from the environment. Engineering (hardware/software) should be kept at a minimum. The approach should be systematic and should follow some of the earlier reported efforts. Given these constraints, three'types of hardware are suggested for study in a physical CM program: (1) A RNG device (2) Temperature sensing elements. (3) Film detectors. A RNG device was selected because such devices have been under study for 10 years. It is clear from this data base and from one studYl conducted at SRI International that some form of psychoenergetic interaction exists. 1W To isolate the form of interaction and to assess the usefulness of RNGs as potential intrusion detectors, a modest redesign of the existing RNG Approved For Release 2 P96-00787ROO0300050001-5 Approved For Release 20~i P96-00787ROO0300050001-5 device Is necessary. Little or no effort is required to update our proven analytical system. Although there are other devices (e.g., strain gauges, magnetometers, etc.) that have also been reported as susceptible to RP, we chose tempera- ture sensing hardware and film detectors because of engineering considerations. In summary, we recommend that an RNG device, temperature sensing 'mw elements, and film detectors be investigated with regard to their sus- ceptibility to RP as an initial step toward intrusion detection and physical countermeasures. Approved For Release 20 96-00787ROO0300050001-5 Approved For ReleUfql&L/AS(Sif4FW96-00787ROO0300050001-5 REFERENCES 1. E. C. May, B. S. Humphrey, and G. S. Hubbard, "Electronic System Perturbation Techniques," Final Report on SRI Project 8585, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA (September 1980), SECRET. 2. H. E. Puthoff and R. Targ, "A Perceptual Channel for Information Transfer over Kilometer Distances: Historical Perspective and Recent Research," Proc. IEEE, Vol. 64, No. 3, pp. 329-354 (March 1976). 3. H. E. Puthoff, R. Targ, E. C. May and I. Swann, "Advanced Threat Technique Assessment," Final Report, SRI Project 5309, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA (October 1978), SECRET. 4. R. L. Morris, "The Use of Detectors for Out-of-Body Experiences," Res. in Parapsy. 1973, pp. 114-116. 5. W. G. Roll? R. L. Morris, B. Harary, R. Wells and J. Hartwell, "Further OOBE Experiments with a Cat as Detector," Res. in Parapsy. 1974, pp. 55-56. 6. K. Osis and D. McCormick , Kinetic Effects at the Ostensible Location of an Out-of-Body Projection During Perceptual Testing," J. Amer. Soc. Psychical Res., Vol. 74 (July 1980). - 7. B. Stevens, L. Burton and W. Joines, "Charge Build-Up on the Body as a Basis for the 'Human Aura' and Certain PK Events," Res. in Parapsy. 1974, pp. 77-80. "Is Telepathy Possible?," Radio Eng., Vol. 21, p. 75 8. 1. M. Kogan, (January 1966). it 9. M. A. Persinger, Geophysical Models for Parapsychological Experiences," Psychoenergetic Systems, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 63-74 (1975). 10 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000108110: CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0300050001-5 Approved For Relea4jM/L§kS.SpF"6-00787ROO0300050001-5 BIBLIOGRAPHY BY CATEGORY A. RP OF STATIC OBJECTS 1. Table of Levitation Brooks-Smith, C., "Data-Tape Recorded Experimental PK Phenomena," J. Soc. Psychical Res., Vol. 48, No. 756 (June 1973). Brooks-Smith, C., "Paranormal Electrical Conductance Phenomena," J. Soc. Psychical Res., Vol. 48, No. 764 (June 1975). Brooks-Smith, C. and D. W. Hunt, "Some Experiments in Psychokinesis," J. Soc. Psychical Res., Vol. 45, No. 744 (June 1970). 2. Miscellaneous Static Objects Cassirer, M., "Experiments with Nina Kulagina," J. Soc. Psychical Res., Vol. 47, No. 759 (March 1974). Honorton, C., "Apparent Psychokinesis on Static Objects by a Gifted Subject," Res. in Para. 1973, pp. 129-131. Keil, H.H.J. and J. Fahler, "Nina S. Kulagina: A Strong Case for PK Involving Directly Observable Movements of Objects Recorded on Cine Film," Res. in Para. 1974, pp. 66-69. F1 Pratt, J. G. and H.H.J. Keil t Firsthand Observations of Nina S. Kulagina Suggestive of PK Upon Static Objects," J. Amer. Soc. Psychical Res. Watkins, G. K. and A. M. Watkins Apparent Psychokinesis on Static Objects by a Gifted Subject: A Laboratory Demonstration," Res. in Para. 1973, pp. 132-134. B. METAL BENDING (Exclusive of Strain Gauge) Tr Bender, H. , Further Investigations of Spontaneous and Experimental PK by the Freiburg Institute," Res. in Para. 1976, pp. 202-203. 11 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000108110: CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0300050001-5 Approved For ReleaseUq"l/)tS(SIPWO-00787ROO0300050001-5 It Cox, W. E. , A Scrutiny of Uri Geller," Res. in Para., pp. 63-65 (1974). Crussard, C. and J. Bouvaist , ?'Study of Some Apparently Abnormal Deforma- tions and Transformations of Metals," Memoires Scientifiques de la Revue de Metallurgie (February 1978). Ellison, A. J., "Some Problems in Testing 'Mini-Gellersl," Res. in Para., pp. 203-205 (1976). Price, E. A. , It The Investigation of 'Mini-Gellers' in South Africa 18 Months After Their Manifestation '71 Res. in Para., pp. 18-19 (1976). Scutt, D. C., It An Investigation into Metal Bending 'Geller Effect' with Ori Svoray," J. Soc. Psychical Res., Vol. 51, No. 787 (February 1981). Shafer, M. G., "Exploratory Observations with PK Metal Benders from 11 Southern California , Euro. J. of Parapsych., Vol. 3, No. 3 (November 1980). it Wolkowski, Z. W. , Reflections on Psychokinetic Phenomena," Res. in Para., pp. 207-209 (1976). Wolkowski, Z. W., "Psychokinetic and Psychodynamic Phenomena Involving Jean Pierre Girard: A Preliminary Report," J. of Paraphys. (1976). C. RP OF TRANSIENT SYSTEMS 1. Spinning Coin Tart, C. T., M. Boisen, V. Lapey and R. Maddock, "Some Studies of Psychokinesis with a Spinning Silver Coin," J. Soc. Psychical Res., Vol. 46, No. 753 (September 1972). it Tart, C. T. and J. Pal'ma , Some Psi Experiments with Matthew Manning," J. Soc. Psychical Res., Vol. 50, No. 782 (December 1979). 2. Dice Experiments Cox, W. E., "A Comparison of Different Densities of Dice in a PK Task," J. of Parapsych., p. 109 (1976). Cox, W. E. , it Blind PK with Dice," Res. in Para., pp. 22-23 (1976). 12 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/0~1`10 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO030005000.1-5 Approved For Relea 001nXIS -l-'~iFEV6-00787ROO0300050001-5 U Roll, M., "Some Recent Dice-Throwing Studies with Lalsingh Harriliance , Proc. Parapsychological Assoc., 1971, pp. 19-22. Steilberg, B. J., "Target Preference and Position Effects in a PK Investigation with,Ten Subjects," Res. in Para., pp. 23-25 (1972). 3. Psychic Photography Eisenbud, J., "The Serios 'Blackies' and Related Phenomena," J. Soc. Psychical Res., Vol. 66, pp. 180-192 (1972). it Eisenbud, J., Distortions in the Photographs of Ted Serios," Res. in Para., pp. 145-147 (1979). Eisenbud, J., et al., "An Archeological Tour de Force with Ted Serios," J. Amer. Soc. Psychical Res., Vol. 64, No. 7 (January 1970). Eisenbud, J., et al., "Two Camera and Television Experiments with Ted Serios," J. Amer. Soc. Psychical Res., Vol. 64, No. 3 (July 1970). Pratt, J. G., I 'Further Examples of Distortions in Photographs Produced by Ted Serios," Res. in Para., pp. 147-149 (1979). 4. Raudive Voices Smith, E. L. , It The Raudive Voices - Objective or Subjective? A Discussion," J. Amer. Soc. Psychical Res., Vol. 68, No. 1 (January 1974). 5. Miscellaneous RP Experiments Cox$ W. E., "PK Tests with a Thirty-Two Channel Balls Machine P11 J. of Parapsy., Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 56-58 (March 1974). Cox, W. E., "Exploring 'Blind PKI 'it Res. in Para., pp. 129-131 (1976). Stanford, R. G. and C. Fox, "An Effect of Release of Effort in a Psychokinetic Task," Res. in Para., pp. 61-63 (1974). 6. RP on Biological Systems Brand, W., "Allobiofeedback: Immediate Feedback for a Psychokinetic ~_V Influence Upon Another Person's Physiology," Res. in Para., pp. 123-134 (1977). 13 UN Approved For Release 2SMMO~ VIRR96-00787 R000300050001 -5 Approved For ReleaU Nt!fXIS jqlpfEV6-00787ROO0300050001-5 Brand, W., Conformance Behavior Involving Living Systems," Res. in Para. 1978, pp. 111-115. Brand, W., "Experiments with Matthew Manning," J. Soc. Psychical Res., Vol. 50, No. 782, pp. 199-223 (December 1979). It Edge, H., The Effect of the Laying on of Hands as an Enzyme: An Attempted Replication," Res. in Para 1979, pp. 137-139. Gruber, E. R., "PK Effects on Pre-Recorded Group Behavior of Living Systems," Euro. J. of Parapsych., Vol. 3, No. 2 (May 1980). Kieft H. K., "A Method for Measuring PK Ability with Enzymes," Res. in Para. 1972, pp. 19-21. Levin, J. , A Comparison Study of Precognition and PK in Golden Hamsters Res. in Para. 1973, pp. 31-33. 11 ?1 Metta, L. , Psychokinesis on Lepidopterous Larvae t J. of Parpsych. (19 Morris, R. L., "The Use of Detectors for Out-of-Body Experiences," Res. in Para. 1973, pp. 114-116. t? Pauli E. N., PK on Living Targets as Related to Sex, Distance and Time," Res. in Para. 1972, pp. 68-70. Randall, J. L. An Attempt to Detect Psi Effects with Protozoa J. Soc Psychical Res., Vol. 45, No. 744 (June 1970). It IF Randall, J. L. , Experiments to Detect a Psi Effect with Small Animals, J. Soc. Psychical Res., Vol. 46, No. 747 (March 1971). 11 It Randall, J. L. t Two Psi Experiments with Gerbils, J. Soc. Psychical Res., Vol. 46, No. 751 (March 1972). Randall, J. L., "An Extended Series of ESP and PK Tests with Three English Schoolboys," J. Soc. Psychical Res., Vol. 47, No. 762 (December 1974). Rauscher, E. A. and B. A. Rubik, "Effects on Motibity Behavior and Growth Rate of Salmonella Typhirmurium in the Presence of a Psychic Subject," Res. in Para. 1979, pp. 140-142. Rollt W. G., R. L. Morris, B. Harary, R. Wells and J. Hartwell, "Further t4 - OOBE Experiments with a Cat as a Detector , Res. in Para. 1974,1 pp. 55-56. 14 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/10 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0300050001-5 -Approved For ReleaUIVL"LoAlS Sipl"96-00787ROO0300050001-5 Snel, F., PK Influence on Malignant Cell Growth," Euro. J. of Parapsych., No. 10 (August 1980). D. RP OF STABLE SYSTEMS 1. Bubble Chamber Miller, R. N. and P. B. Reinhart, "Measuring Psychic Energy," Psychic, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 46-47 (1975). 2. Temperature Measurement it Mattrick., R. D., PK Effect on a Clinical Thermometer with a Danish 'Mini-Geller' Girl'ir Res. in Para. 1976, pp. 21-22 Millar, B., IfThermistor PK,11 Res. in Para. 1975, pp. 71-73. Placer, J., G. Breese, K. Corcoran, W. Crane and R. L. Morris, "Stable System Psychokinesis Studies Using Temperature Differential Between Thermistors," Res. in Para. 1975, pp. 69-71. Schmeidler, G. R., PK Effects Upon Continuously Recorded Temperature," J. Amer. Soc. Psychical Res., Vol. 67, No. 4 (October 1973). it Schmeidler, G., J. Gambale and J. Mitchell , PK Effects on Temperature Recordings: An Attempted Replication and Extension," Res. in Para. 1975, pp. 67-69. Schmeidler, G. R., J. Mitchell and N. Sandow, "Further Investigation of PK with Temperature Records," Res. in Para. 1974, pp. 71-73. 3. Metal Bending (with Strain Gauge) Hasted, J.. B., ffDetection and Analysis of Psychokinetic Metal-Bending Forces,tv Res. in Para. 1976, pp. 216-218. Hasted, J. B., "Physical Aspects of Paranormal Metal Bending," J. Soc. Psychical Res., Vol. 49, No. 733 (September 1977). Hastedt J. B., and D. Robertson,- T?The Detail of Paranormal Metal-Bending," J. Soc. Psychical Res., Vol. 50, No. 779 (March 1979). 15 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO030005000-1 -5 Approved For Re1e1yft(VJkJS. fMf tf96-00787ROO0300050001-5. Hasted, J. B. and D. Robertson, "Paranormal Action on Metal and its Surroundings," J. Soc. Psychical Res., Vol. 50, No. 784 (June-1980). it Keil, J. , Field Experiments with 30 Possible PK Subjects," Euro. J. of Parapsych., Vol. 3, No. 1 (November 1979). Mattuck, R. D. and S. Hill, "Psychokinetic Stretching of an Aluminum Bar," Res. in Para. 1976, pp. 209-213. Mattuck, R. D. and S. Hill, "Apparatus Error in PK Metal-Bending Experiment with Jean-Pierre Girard," Res. in Para. 1979, pp. 165-166. Osist K. and McCormick, D., "Kinetic Effects at the Ostensible Location of an Out-of-Body Projection During Perceptual Testing," J. Amer. Soc. Psychical Res., Vol. 74 (July 1980). 4. Magnetometer Jarrard, R., K. Corcoran, R. Mayfield and R. L. Morris, "Psychokinesis Experiments with a Cryogenic Magnetometer," Res. in Para. 1975, pp. 64-66. 5. Rare or Unusual RP Abilities IT Crookes, W., Experimental Investigation of a New Force (D. D. Home)," Quarterly J. of Sci., Vol. 8 (July 1971). Fielding, E., Sittings with Eusapia Palladino (University Books, New York, N.Y., 1963). Schwartz,'S., The Secret Vaults of Time, Chapter II (Grosset & Dunlap, New York, N.Y., 1978). 16 UNC~OSSIFIED Approved For Release 2000 8/10:CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0300050001-5