SPJCMP92
Approved For Release 20AFDQW-'EIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 C0PY4A__0F
01-0187-92-0930-003
8 May 1992
719.9 Big
AENOWAPI--- Uff @@a
Science Applications International Corporation
An Employee-Owned Company
Authors:
Edwin C. May, Ph.D. and Wanda L. W Luke
Presented to:
U. S. Government
Contract MDA908-91-C-0037
Submitted by:
Science Applications International Corporation
Cognitive Sciences Laboratory
1010 El Camino Real, Suite 330
Menlo Park, California 94025
Classify by: Contractor Security Procedures Guide
DT-S-1040-S
Declassify on: OADR
10 10 El Camino Real, Suite 330, P. 0. Box 1412, Menlo Park, CA 94025 0 (415) 325-8292
Other SAIC Offices:ApplroVl§dtTdt-Refgi-sevemity4if v
SECRET/NOFORN
Technical Pfwp@wd For ReleastMO(Nnif3ffi-UP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. OBJECTIVE (U) ............................................................ 1
II. APPROACH (U) ............................................................ 2
6. Specific Tasks (U) ........................................................ 2
7. Quick Reaction Capability (QRC) (U) ...................................... 8
III. GLOSSARY (U) ............................................................. 9
IV REFERENCES (U) ......................................................... 10
V. MOSSBAUER BACKGROUND (U) .......................................... 11
VI. RESUMES (U) ............................................................. 22
r
Approved For ReleasqjMVASSWfMP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 i
Technical pftWMed For ReleaseUPPM13Sg;&;DP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
1. OBJECTIVE (U)
(U) The objective of this effort is to continue the work being conducted under contract
MDA908-91-C-0037 by extending the analysis of the data and adopting approaches that were devel-
oped to conduct specific experiments.
Approved For Releas4j=&AgSoi~MP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Technical PPqqpnm4ed For ReleascU$tCLASSW$WP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
11. APPROACH (U)
(U) For convenience, the section numbering matches that of the Statement of Work (SOW) from re-
quest for quote RSQ-4.
6. Specific Tasks (U)
(U) The specific tasks are modest extension of those that are currently being investigated. In most
cases, they involve analysis of existing data or involve the implementation of experiments that were de-
signed under the current effort.
6.1 Basic Research (U)
(U) Basic research of anomalous mental phenomena (AMP) is defined as that activity that is primarily
designed to understand the parameters of and theoretical basis for AMP.
Ir
6.1.1 Biophysical Measurements (Follow-on to SOW 6.3.11) (U)
6.1.1.1 Magnetoencephalograph Electroencephalograph Correlation (U)
(U) The trend in some magneto encephalograph (MEG) laboratories has been to collect magnetic and elec-
trical data simultaneously. Thus, for some measurements, it may be possible to correlate the results from
the two techniques. We propose to conduct a literature search for such studies and conduct a meta-analysis
on the pertinent papers to determine the degree to which EEG may be substituted for MEG. In particular,
'we will examine experiments that do not involve precise source localizations within the brain.
6.1.1.2 Magnetoencephalograph Data Analysis (U)
(U) The magnetoencephalograph database consists of 11 blocks of data obtained from an earlier pro-
gram and an additional 80 blocks obtained in the current program. Altogether there are brain-wave
data for over 9,000 remote stimuli (i.e., stimuli that are sensorially and physically isolated from a receiv-
ert), a similar amount for pseudo stimuli (i.e., randomly placed time markers generated during the ex-
eriment), and additional 9,000 stimuli of each type that were collected as a control (i.e., identical cir-
,P
curnstances as in the experiment, but without a receiver being present). We propose to apply the
following analysis techniques to this substantial database.
a. Efficient Phase-Shift Calculations (U)
(U) The primary purpose for the collection of magnetoencephalograph data is to determine the degree
-to which remote stimuli affects the phase of the primary alpha rhythm. There is a vast literature dating
back to the 1930s suggesting that a relaxed brain, which is producing sustained alpha bursts, reacts to
weak external stimuli with a phase shift of that alpha activity.
* All follow-on SOWs refer to the current contract PR330/012Z/91.
t Please refer to the Glossary (Section III) for a definitions of terms.
Approved For ReleastMt;LMSElf3FMP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 2
Technical FAppaul?d For ReleaseUMLAiSSCREOP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
(U) To study alpha-phase shifts in an efficient way, itis important to present stimuli only when the sub-
ject is producing alpha; however, the effort under SOW 6.3.1 in PR 330/012Z/91 was an attempt to repli-
cate a similar experiment conducted in 1988. The protocol for data collection was constrained to match
that study, and therefore presented stimuli randomly. J*
(U) We propose to reevaluate the alpha-phase shifts for all the data collected under PR 330/012Z/91. In this
new analysis we will compute the phase shifts for only those stimuli that happen to occur within an appropri-
ate alpha burst. We will use pseudo stimuli that meet this constraint as within-ran controls and generate
Monte-Carlo stimuli only within alpha bursts during which no other stimuli occurred. Standard statistical
methods will be used to compute effect sizes and evaluate the observed phase shifts.
b. Higher Order Spectral Processing (U)
(U) Fourier-based spectrum estimation techniques have proven valuable for the analysis of signals in
the frequency domain. These techniques use only second-order statistical information; thus, they as-
surne that the signals are Gaussian. In fact, most real-world signals are not Gaussian; hence, there is
usually much more information in a stochastic non-Gaussian or deterministic signal than is conveyed by
its autocorrelation or spectrum. Higher-order spectra are defined in terms of the higher order statistics
of the signal; therefore they can proved non-linear information.2,3 An additional benefit is realized
because all Gaussian noise vanishes, and thus any non-linear signals are more easily detected.
(U) One such higher-order technique is the bi-spectrum. Preliminary application of the bi-spectrum of
the MEG data has produced promising results. It appears that remote stimuli produce significantly
different bi-spectra than those observed in non-stimulus intervals.
c. Wavelet Analysis (U)
(U) Recent work has produced techniques for representing signals in terms of a set of orthogonal basis
functions with local support. While such a method was thought impossible for many years, recent re-
search has shown ihat an infinite number of such basis function sets exist.4,5 These basis functions con-
sist of dilations and translations of a "mother wavelet" function which is zero outside of some range.
Since they are an orthogonal and complete set, the wavelet transform is information preserving, that is,
the original signal can be reconstructed from the wavelet coefficients without error.
(U) The wavelet coefficients are generated by correlating these functions with the signal at every posi-
tion, with wavelets on every scale. In this way, features in the signal can be located in time with great
precision; hence, these methods could prove highly effective in clearly indicating the discontinuity
which is thought to occur at the time of the remote stimulus.
d. Time-Frequency Distributions (U)
(U) Time-frequency distributions describe how the spectral content of a signal changes over time. They
consist of a set of methods which represent the energy or intensity of a signal simultaneously in time and
frequency. The spectrogram, which used windowed short-term Fourier transforms to produce a local
estimate of the spectrum, was an early method of this sort. It had a severe disadvantage: small windows
provided good time localization put poor frequency resolution; large windows produced the opposite
problem. The Wigner distribution was developed to alleviate this problem, but was found to introduce
serious artifacts with certain signals.
References may be found in Section IV.
Approved For ReleaseL;FMM1,qSfMgBP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 3
Technical PApposubd For Release U04OL443 SMEDP96-00789 R003100170001-9
(U) More recent methods showing better performance include the Wigner-Ville distribution6 and the
Choi-Williams distribution.7 Both of these improve time and frequency resolution while suppressing
unwanted artifacts. Since these distributions are complex, their transfer functions provide both gain
and phase information.
e. Cyclostationarity (U)
(U) Most conventional signal processing methods treat random signals as if they were statistically sta-
tionary. If the parameters of the underlying signal-generating mechanisms are time varying, as they are
in brain-wave data, then this assumption is invalid and other techniques must be used to extract impor-
tant properties of the signal. For example, a signal whose autocorrelation function fluctuates periodi-
cally with time is said to exhibit second-order cyclostationarity. A number of signal processing methods
can extract information from such signals.8
(U) By constructing time intervals that are symmetric around the remote or pseudo stimulus, we can
produce pseudo periodic signals that are likely to exhibit properties that can be extracted by cyclosta-
tionary processing methods.
f. Conclusion (U)
(U) Since the underlying physical process which produces signals is poorly understood, it is impossible
to predict which of these signal analysis techniques will yield the best results. However, a systematic
program of applying these methods to the MEG data will greatly increase the probability that a genuine
physiological response can be detected and measured with much higher confidence levels.
6.2 Data Pafterns/Correlations (Follow-on to SOW 6.32) (U)
(U) The search for patterns or correlations within anomalous cognition (AC) is part of basic research.
6.2.1 Sender/No-Sender Analysis (U)
a. Sender/No-Sender in the Ganzfeld (U)
(U) Under the current contract, we initiated two investigations of whether the quality of AC depends upon
a sender. We let a subcontract to Psychophysical Research Laboratories (PRL) to perform a meta-analysis
of the pertinent literature to determine the appropriate parameters for a Ganzfeld study of the sender
condition. The Ganzfeld is a protocol for conducting a type of AC experiment. PRL was also tasked to
design an appropriate experiment using the results from the meta-analysis. Unfortunately, the number of
previous Ganzfeld experiments was insufficient to determine heuristic parameters. Instead, PRL drew
from its 20 years of Ganzfeld experience and designed an appropriate experiment.
(U) We propose to continue this effort by tasking PRL to conduct approximately 70 Ganzfeld trials with
novice receivers (i.e., first-timers) as screening/selection for the multi-condition sender-environment ex-
periment. One of the most important elements in any AC experiment is to identify individuals who can
demonstrate high quality results. This is particularly important if, as in this case, the primary experiment is
designed to examine the effect of an independent variable. Thus, this preliminary screening effort is critical
to understanding the role of the sender in AC experiments.
(U) Besides the usual judging and analysis implied by the Ganzfeld protocol, the data from the screen-
ing/selection experiment will also be examined with regard to six facets of extroversion. Honorton et al.
have shown that the degree of extroversion is important in quality AC, and, thus, this variable is impor-
tant to the success of the main experiment.9
Approved For ReleasqjfflME;SflF4WP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 4
pov 4 188j"EF96-00789RO03100170001-9
Technical Arpo osayd For Release fflQ&A
a. Sender/No-Sender with Static and Dynamic Tdrgets (U)
(U) Using the AC database that was obtained under the existing contract, we will apply fuzzy set theory to
search for target/receiver properties that yield higher quality AC. Under an earlier program, we applied
fuzzy set theory to the analysis of AC. In particular, we developed fuzzy set representations of all the static
targets used in the current study. They were encoded with 131 separate visual target elements; therefore, to
capitalize on this earlier work, we will examine our AC result from this particular viewpoint.10
(U) Under the current program we have developed an "adaptive" fuzzy set algorithm thatwill be able to
determinewhich, if any, of these 131 target elements were responsible for receivers' improved AC qual-
ity. In the adaptive method, fuzzy sets are modified in accedence with a receiver's historical perfor-
mance, and the modified version is applied to new data. The historical record is then updated to ac-
count for the results of that additional analysis.
(U) We propose to apply these techniques to approximately 250 AC trials. This analysis will cover the
four combinations of sender/no-sender and static/dynamic targets that were used in the current study.
6.2.2 MEG/EEG Parameter Search (U)
(U) During a previous program, we tasked Psi Sources of Information Center to place the literature of all
English language parapsychological technical journals into a computerized database. From that time, Ms.
Rhea White has maintained that database, which now includes abstracts of all technical articles dating back
to the early 1900s. We propose to use this database to examine all relevant MEG/EEG data and worldwide
AC research to identify key performance and target pattern parameters (e.g-, physical, psychological, bio-
physical). If enough studies identify a specific parameter, we propose to conduct a formal meta-analysis of
that parameter to determine its effect upon performance quantitatively.
6.3 Applied Research (Follow-on to SOW 6.2.3.3) (U)
(U) Applied research of AMP is defined as that activity that is primarily designed to improve the quality
of experimental results.
6.3.1 Long Distance AC Experiment (U)
(U) Under the current contract, we developed a two-by-five error-correcting block code, which we applied
to an AC ejq)eriment. The objective was to increase the reliability of detecting AC and to explore its poten-
tial for communications. In that effoM receivers were not monitored and target feedback was sometimes
significantly delayed. In addition, the receivers were allowed to respond to an intended target at any time
during a one-week interval.
(U) We propose to improve upon this protocol and apply the techniques to testbeds that are similar to
potential applications. Specifically, each AC trial will be monitored at a site designated by the contract-
ing office's technical representative, and each AC trial will be conducted in real time. Feedback and a
portion of the analysis will be provided immediately.
(U) We plan to explore a number of analytical techniques to determine the optimal technique for po-
tential applications. They will include "crisp" answers (i.e., either "yes" or "no" to a predefined set of
questions) for the input to the two-by-five block code and "fuzzy" answers (i.e., receivers express the
degree of confidence in their answers to each question) to the same questionnaire. In the latter case, we
will use a rich set of standard fuzzy set mathematical techniques in the analysis.
Approved For Release 20dW&4ilAo-ur-1=6-00789ROO3100170001-9
FMD
rovpd For Releasedfle
Technical Fftoosa MlqMfDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
6.4 Theoretical Issues (Follow-on to SOW 6.2.5) (U)
(U) As part of basic research, theoretical issues address potential underlying mechanisms for AMP
6.4.1 Nuclear Mossbauer Effect (U)
(U) We propose to construct an anomalous perturbation (AP) experiment using the nuclear Mossbauer
effect. Sometimes referred to as gamma raw resonance spectroscopy, using the Mossbauer effect is an
extremely precise way of measuring the electromagnetic environment at the nuclear site within an
atomic lattice and measuring the structure of the nucleus, itself. The nuclear environment is impervious
to external factors. Experiments that use the Mossbauer effect are also exquisitely sensitive. Because it
is inherently controlled, a Mossbauer set-up is ideal for the study of AP An overview of the Mossbauer
effect can be found in Section V, Mossbauer Background.
(U) In a Mossbauer AP experiment, an individual watches a dynamic display of gamma ray absorption
as feedback. He or she is instructed to use mental strategies to affect the absorption, and thus the nu-
clear properties, in predetermined ways. For example, the instructions might suggest to increase or de-
crease or shift the location of the maximum absorption. Random control periods (i.e., no human effort
to modify the absorption) are intermixed with effort periods. Statistical comparison is made between
these periods and both are compared to long-term, stable measurements of the unattended apparatus.
(U) To our kno)yledge, no other AP experiment has exclusively attempted to modify nuclear properties;
therefore, this exploratory experiment must be considered a pilot effort. Should we observe potential
AP effects, we will recommend an extension to verify that the effects cannot be accounted for by known
interactions.
6.4.2 Theoretical Models (U)
(U) We propose to explore at least two theoretical approaches toward understanding the physics of AC.
The heuristic observables are the following:
(1) Information, albeit noisy, "propagates" from point A to point B regardless of the spatial or tempo-
ral separation.
(2) The quality of the reception appears to be proportional to target complexity.
(U) The first of these suggests that a four-dimensional, non-electromagnetic model is appropriate. The
second implies a relationship to thermodynamic entropy, but at the present, there is no known propaga-
tion mechanism for "pure" information.
(U) All theoretical approaches to these two questions will be constrained toward testable hypotheses.
We suspect that if a reasonable theoretical model can be developed, that it will entail physics implica-
tions that can be tested by traditional experimentation.
6.5 Research Methodology (Follow-on to SOW 6.4) (U)
6.5.1 Committees (U)
(U) As a continuation of the current program, we propose to the use the three existing committees,
which are in place, as support and quality control for methodological and policy issues. These commit-
tees are:
Approved For Release 2ffipqlAt)%foffib96-00789ROO3100170001-9 6
%W&.0-t
Technical PobppsaVed For Release 20CSMEqiA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
SG1 B
(U) The Scientific Oversight Committee (SOC). The five voting members of the SOC are respected
,scientists from the following disciplines: physics, astronomy, statistics, neuroscience, and psychology.
Since the time of the original proposal, we have added Professor of Neuroscience Steven A. Hillyard of
the University of California at San Diego. His resume is include in Section IV.
(U) The SOC is tasked with three major responsibilities:
40 Review and approve all experimental protocols prior the collection of data.
40 Critically review all experimental final reports as if they were submissions to technical scientific jour-
nals. Ali remarks are in writing and are included in the technical final report to the sponsor.
40 Suggest directions for further research.
(U) In addition to these three responsibilities, the SOC members are encouraged to exercise un-announced
drop-in privileges to view experiments in progress.
(U) Institutional Review Board (IRB). Ile IRB's responsibility is to assure the safety of human sub-
jects in experiments and to assure the sponsor that all research involving the use of human subjects is in
compliance with all appropriate federal regulations. The IRB members represent the health, legal, and
spiritual professions in accordance with government guidelines. The membership is as follows:
~ Gary R. Fujimoto, M.D.
~Byron Wm. Brown, Jr., Ph.D.
~ John Hanley, M.D.
~ Robert B. Livingston, M.D.
~ Robin R Michelson, M.D.
~ Ronald Y. Nakasone, Ph.D.
~ Louis J. West, M.D.
~ Garrison Rapmund, M.D.
Occupational Medicine, Palo Alto Medical Foundation
Biostatistics, Stanford University
Neuropsychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles
Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego
Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco
Buddhist Studies, Institute of Buddhist Studies, Berkeley, CA
Neuropsychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles
Air Force Science Advisory Board
(S/NF) Policy Oversight Committee (POC). The POC's responsibility is to advise SAIC and assure the
Defence Intelligence Agency that the activity under this contract fulfills the requirements of the
Intelligence Community (IC) and the Department of Defence (DOD). In addition, the POC recom-
mends policy for the establishment of a long-term program for the application of anomalous mental
phenomena to problems of interest to the DOD and the IC.
6.5.2 Management and Research Support (U)
@U) we win proviae tecnnicaj, management, ana aummistrative support tor an researcn
Approved For Rel FCMP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 7
Technical Po%pmyed For Release 20CSL;4META-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
7. Quick Reaction Capability (ORC) (U)
(S/NF) We propose to reserve approximately five percent of the program effort in order to respond rap-
idly to the sponsor's request for briefings, conference attendence, or unanticipated experiment or ap-.
plication requirements.
Approved For ReleSE(M:EW/WFGfW96-00789ROO3100170001-9 8
Technical Pi6ppeated For Releas4MoLQ4WlFMCDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
M. GLOSSARY (U)
( U) Not all the terms defined below are germane to this report, but they are included here for complete-
ness. In a typical anomalous mental phenomena (AMP) task, we define:
41, A_Q-A form of information transfer in which all known sensorial stimuli are absent. That is, some
individuals are able to gain access, by as yet an unknown process, to information that is not available
to the known sensorial channels.
40 Recei er-An individual who attempts to perceive and report information about a target.
4D AgejA-An individual who attempts to influence a target system.
4D Drget-An item that is the focus of an AMP task (e.g., person, place, thing, event).
4o Thrget Desi2nation-A method by which a specific target, against the backdrop of all other possible
targets, is identified to the receiver (e.g., geographical coordinates).
4D Sender/BeagQn-An individual who, while receiving direct sensorial stimuli from an intended target,
acts as a putative transmitter to the receiver.
40 Moni=-An individual who monitors an AC session to facilitate data collection.
4D Sgmjun-A time period during which AC data are collected.
4o ELQLQ-wj-A template for conducting a structured data collection session.
40 Respo nse-Material that is produced during an AC session in response to the intended target.
40 Feedback-After a response has been secured, information about the intended target is displayed to
the receiver.
~ Analyst-An individual who provides a quantitative measure of AC.
~ Sp-edialify-A given receiver's ability to be particularly successful with a given class of targets (e.g.,
people as opposed to buildings).
Approved For ReleasUNCIMSirdEDDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 9
Technical AW6Md For Release f flpfM/ 16811FILU96-00789ROO3100170001-9
IV. REFERENCES (U)
(U) All the following references are unclassified.
1. E. C. May and W L W Luke, "'Pxhnical Protocol for the MEG Investigation," Protoool Submitted to
the Scientific Oversight Committee, Science Applications International Corporation, The Cognitive
Sciences Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA (August 1991) UNCLASSIFIED.
2. J. M. Mendel, "Signal Processing and System Theory: Theoretical Results and Some Aplications,"
Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 79, No. 3, pp. 278-305 (March 1991) UNCLASSIFIED.
3. C. L. Nikias and M. R. Raghuveer, "Bispectrum Estimation: A Digital Signal Processing
Framework," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 75, No. 7, pp. 869-891 (July 1987) UNCLASSIFIED.
4. 1. Daubenchies, "Orthonormal Basis of Compactly Supported Wavelets," Communications on
Pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol. XLI, pp. 909-996 (1988) UNCLASSIFIED.
5. E. C. Heil and D. Walnut, "Continuous and DIscrete Wavelet Tkansforms," SLIMReview, Vol 31,
No. 4, pp. 628-666 (December 1989) UNCLASSIFIED.
6. L. Cohen, "Time-Frequency Distributions-A Review," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 77, No. 7,
(July 1989) UNCLASSIFIED.
7. H. 1. Choi and W J. Williams, "Improved Time-Frequency Representation of Multicomponent
Signals Using Exponential Kernals," IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal
Processing, Vol 37, No. 6, pp. 862-871 (June 1989) UNCLASSIFIED.
8. W A. Gardner "Exploitation of Spectral Redundancyh in Cyclostationary Signals," IEEE Signal
Processing Magazine, (April 1991) UNCLASSIFIED.
9. C. Honorton, D. C. Ferrari, and D. J. Bern, "Extraversion and ESP Performance: Meta-Analysis
and a New Confirmation," Proceedings of the Parapsychological Association 33rd Annual
Conventior; Chevy Chase, MD (August 1990) UNCLASSIFIED.
10. E. C. May, J. M. Utts, W L. W Luke, T. J. Frivold, and V. V`ftask, 'Advances in Remote-Viewing
Analysis," Journal of Parapsychology, Vol. 54, pp. 194-228 (September 1990) UNCLASSIFIED.
Approved For Release :UffafMqf;JEU96-00789ROO3100170001-9 10
Technical pNW@btpd For ReleaseL;fn~AlSSU%EUP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
V. MOSSBAUER BACKGROUND (U)
(U) This Section is entirely unclassified.
Gamma Ray and Gamma Ray Resonance Spectroscopy
by
Jon J. Spijkerman
Frank J. Davies
Kah Nee Ona
Tamara L. Steele
May 17, 1991
Ranger Scientific, Inc.
7101 Stephenson-Levey Road
Burleson, TX 76028
Approved For ReleasqJV41MIRSflF4MP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 11
Technical Fkppcxi*d For Release M"$S;PM[)P96-00789ROO3100170001-9
INTRODUCTION
Resonance phenomena are today a very direct
part of our lives. They are used in radio, tuning
in a station or selecting a TV channel, in
microwave cooking and heating, store security
and many other daily uses. It was Lord Rayleigh
who, a century ago, first suggested that
resonance scattering should occur in atomic
systems.
Gamma ray Resonance Spectroscopy (GRS),
also known as The Mossbauer Effect, was
discovered by Rudolf L Mossbauer in 1957, at
the time a graduate student at the University of
Heidelberg in Germany. Mossbauer was
interested in the line shape (profile) of gamma
radiation. It was a known fact that gamma rays,
photon 'particles', would give a recoil to the
nucleus which emitted the gamma ray. The
gamma ray would therefore have a lower energy.
Similarly, if the gamma ray were to strike another
nucleus its energy must be higher, in order to be
absorbed and also to provide the absorber recoil
energy. This energy can be provided by heating
the gamma ray source, since this raises the
average velocity of the atoms in the source and
therefore the energy. Both positive and negative
velocities will be present and thus the line shape
of the gamma ray will be broadened. This line
broadening is known as a Doppler broadening.
The energy lost to recoil could now be
compensated for by raising the temperature.
Mossbauer's initial experiment was very
straightforward, consisting of a gamma ray
source. an absorber, and a counter to detect the
gamma radiation. As the temperature of the
source and absorber was raised, the count rate
of unabsorbed gamma rays went down since the
increase in thermal energy compensated for the
energy lost in recoil. This is shown in figure I
To obtain a reference count rate, Mossbauer
cooled the source and absorber to liquid nitrogen
temperature. There the count rate should have
been the highest, but to his amazement, it was
not. Mossbauer interpreted this effect as a
recoil-free emission and absorption at lower
temperatures. This obviously violates the
principles of conservation of energy and
momentum and was, at first, not well accepted.
Mossbauer continued his work at the University
of.Munich, Germany, and his experiments were
soon confirmed at other taboratori6s. R. L
Mossbauer was awarded the Nobel Prize in
Physics in 1961. Within a decade (GRS) became
a standard tool, with applications in Physics,
Chemistry, Metallurgy, Mineralogy, Geology, and
Biology.
I
DECREASING %
TZMMATURC A-
Figure 1. Increased overlap of source and absorber line
profiles, moved apart as a resuft of recoil, due to Doppler
broadening vAth temperature.
11(p
4. Recoil NO
b. DOPPI-V Lro"*4i.1 V.
E. - U-4 tow-M
%
0. R-OM... COL-10a
Figure 2. Classical analogy of a boat firing a cannon in a
choppy lake, then 'freezing the take.,
Approved For ReleasUNDCtASSIFIEWP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 12
Te c h n I c a I APopproosval d For Release 60(4LW/ t§jftgff96-00789R003100170001-9
The Mossbauer Effect is a quantum
phenomenon. However, some of its basic
characteristics may be easily understood through
a classical analogy. The analogy developed by
FraUenfelder In Ref. I is particularly apt. He
likens the gamma ray source to a cannon firing at
a target. The statistical spread of the impacts is
the natural line width. If the cannon is firing from
a boat, it vvill recoil so that the center of the
impact distribution is shifted to a shorter range
(lower value of energy for the gamma ray), as in
Fig. 2a.
Doppler broadening can be represented by
placing the boat in a choppy sea. Since the aim
is much less accurate, the distribution of impacts
is broadened (Fig. 2b.). The Mossbauer Eff ect is
made possible by 'freezing the lake,* so that
recoil and Doppler broadening are eliminated
(Fig. 2c). In the actual source and absorber, this
is done by locking the atoms in a crystal lattice.
Ir 01
To observe the Resonance Effect, we must
change the energy of the gamma ray by a small
amount. We can use the Doppler shift to our
advantage. Instead of Doppler broadening, we
can use a coherent Doppler shift, or Doppler
modulation, by giving the entire source a known
velocity. The line width of the source and the line
width of the absorber overlap by a differenct
amount for each velocity.
It total transmission is plotted against velocity, the
absorption curve will be observed to have a line
width twice that of either source or absorber.
(See Fig. 3).
Emission Line Absorption Line
CPO
@@2r
2r
I
j
Velocity
Transmission spectrum
Figure 3. Doubling of observed linewidth
THEORY
As was pointed out in the introduction, eliminating
the recoil given to the nucleus by the emitted
gamma ray Is the first prerequisite for the
Mossbauer Effect. If the nucleus is initially at
rest, its momentum after emission is
= _Py
Pn =Ey / C.
The recoil energy imparted to the nucleus by the
leaving gamma ray is then EY2
2
ER=Pnl2M . 2Mc2
Here M is the mass of the nucleus. For a
gamma ray of 14.4 keV, this recoil energy is 2 X
10" eV. To explain the Resonance Effect, we
must not use the mass of the nucleus in equation
1, but the mass of the crystal to which the
nucleus is bound. This recoil free process is also
demonstrated in X-rays by the Bragg reflection
from a crystal. The recoil energy then becomes
vanishingly small. The binding energy plays a
very important role in the Mossbauer Effect. If
the recoil energy E@ is larger than the binding
energy, the recoil-free process will not take place.
Thermal vibrations due to higher temperature can
also destroy the recoil-free emission and
absorption. Equation (1) therefore places limits
on when the Mossbauer effect will take place.
We must have a solid or very large molecule so
that Et becomes vanishingly small, and the
gamma ray energy must be low so that Ef, is
LESS THAN THE BINDING ENERGY OF THE
NUCLEUS. Many Isotopes have shown the
Mossbauer Effect, but Fe" has the best
properties for our purpose. The source used for
Fe" Resonance spectroscopy is Ce?, with the
radio-active decay scheme and the
corresponding radiation emitted by this source is
shown in figure 3. Cobalt has a positive nuclear
charge of 27. The nucleus captures an electron,
to reduce the charge to 26, and balances the
energy by emitting three gamma rays, 14.4 keV,
122 keV, and 136 keV. The electron capture
leaves a hole in the elctron shell, which is
promptly filled producing 6.3 keV and lower
energy X-rays. The 14.4 keV gamma ray shown
in the energy level diagram of figure 4 is used in
Approved For Release 2df4ef%§W096-00789ROO3100170001-9 13
Technical 104ppawd For Release ttMOUAISSIF[EIRP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
1$7 A
5
keV
.7064
57 Co (mdioactive, tl,,2 = 270 days)
ELECTRON
CAPTURE
981
3/Z- 0.3668
5/, t (1/2) 10- sec
(1,12) - 98 n sec
4@ 90%
INTERNAL
CONVERSION
112--
10 MAKOV y.ray
r
IMIN.W
ca@t,m E1VCVM2
3 %A K" A.9w firctreg
9 3 mv X-MY
t"812 /0110-iV IAC #'ZwdfAm a/tAr "Fe &urim. sAdnamV Me miathe
101 GRS Rambe'i elpholom and flocinkW pmahmid
Cobalt-57 Decay Scheme
the Mossbauer Effect. The 122 keV transition
does not go to the ground state, and the 136 keV
gamma ray is too energetic for a usable effect.
The line shape of the recoil free 14.4 keV
radiation is a Lorentzian profile, or
L (x) A ; X= E-Eo 2
+X2 r
Where Eo is the gamma ray energy and r is
the haffwidth. The haltwidth or line width can be
calculated from the uncertainty principle, and the
lifetime of the excited state. The uncertainty
principle states that
0.13632
ill 891
0.01439
AE* AT =h 3
Where 1h is Planck's constant divided by 2 7r.
The lifetime of the 14.4 keV level can be
determined by measuring the 1.4 X 10"7 second
delay between the 122 keV and 14.4 keV
radiation, because the lifetime of the 122 keV
level is 50 times shorter than that of the 14.4 keV
level. This corresponds to a line vvidth of 4.670
X 10'9 eV. The resolution required to observe
this line is E@r or about 1012.
To distinguish this narrow band of recoil free
radiation from non-recoil free radiation using a
gamma detector is hopeless, since the detectors
have at the best a 10% resolution. Gamma ray
Approved For Releas4MOLMgSI(FifEFWP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 14
Technical PA"Wiliarlbd For ReleaseUbWbAISSUREOP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
spectrometers using a diffracting crystal can do a
thousand times better, but this still leaves a factor
of 1 (@. However, we can use the source and
absorber technique with the Doppler effect. This
time we do not raise the temperature, but move
either the source or the absorber at various
velocities. The Doppler effect is given by
V =Vo (1+ V 4
'a
Where v. Is the transition frequency of the
stationary absorber and v the frequency of the
source moving at a velocity v.
I
q
Figure 5. Electric Quadrupole Splitting
(a) Electric Monopole (EO) which results in the
isomer shift (Fig. 5) and originates in the
Coulomb potential between the nucleus and the
surrounding electron cloud. Since the chemical
valence is determined partially by the number of
electrons associated with the iron, there is a
strong relation between the isomer shift and
valence state. See Experiment 1.
M1
I Olue 1
2
I
2
Re-writing equation 4,
V =V O+Vo V and AV =v -vo=VO V
C
or @v ,AE = v 5
VO EO C
Since E = lhv. E. is the basic transition energy,
14.4 keV. If we use the values for '@re, the
velocity required to shift the line by one line width
is 0.191 mrn/sec. Plotting the count rate as a
function of velocity gives the familiar absorption
pattern, as shown in figure 5.
The recoil-free emission and absorption was not
the only surprise of this new effect. When an iron
foil was used for an absorber, a six line
absorption pattern as in figure 6 was observed
and identified as a nuclear Zeeman effect
brought about by the iron's internal magnetic
field.
Iron compounds used for absorbers gave a
variety of spectra, and the simple energy level
diagram of figure 4 could no longer explain the
observed results. There were other interactions
(forces) present, previously completely obscured.
With the ultra precise energy measuring capability
of the Mossbauer Effect it was possible to
determine the energy and derive the nature of
these interactions. For this analysis we must first
look at the nucleus and its electron cloud. There
are three electron-nuclear (hyperline) interactions:
2
Splitting
Figure 6. Magnetic splitting of nuclear levels.
(Nuclear Zeeman Effect).
.1
2
-7
2
Approved For ReleasUpt("SISIF*IPP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 15
V2
I
Isomar Shift Qu&&"Pale splitting
Ir T
26--
2 1 04wr Bally.
Technical F)(pP9@9bd For Release UNii"$,SMY"96-00789ROO3100170001-9
(b) Electric Quadrupole (112).which generates the
quadrupole splittiiig observed in iron spectra as a
typical doublet liR'e'-pattern (Fig. 5). The
asymmetry in the electron cloud forces the
nucleus to align itself either with or across the
electric field gradient, allowing two possible
energy states. See Experiment 3.
(c) Magnetic dipole (MI) with the typical six line
pattern of the nuclear Zeeman effect. For Fe5'
the nuclear spin is W with the four possible
energy states of 1,tt, tti, n.L and 14.4 spin
states of the excited state and t or 4 for the
ground state, resulting in a possible six
transitions. (Fig. 6) The magnitude of the
magnetic field at the nucleus determines the
separation of the six line pattern. For iron metal
this corresponds to a magnetic field at the
nucleus of 331.5 kGauss. See Experiment 4.
INSTFILIMENTATION
The GR spectrometer is a computer based
instrument. The computer collects the daM
processes the data for storage on a diskette and
display on the video screen. The data is
analyzed by the computer using a least square
fitting routine.
To understand the operation of the spectrometer,
we will follow the gamma ray from its detection to
the display of its presence on the monitor. When
the y ray enters the detector, the Krypton gas is
ionized into electrons and positive ions, the
number of !on pairs depends on the gamma ray.
energy. The electrons move toward the positively
charged wire in the center of the detector, and
after gaining energy they ionize more atoms, and
the cascade process produces a pulse of
electrical charge at the wire, which is converted
to a voltage pulse by a charge sensitive amplifier.
In this way electronic pulses whose voltages are
proportional to gamma ray energy are produced.
Gamma rays of a certain energy are detected,
and those of higher and lower energy ignored, by
comparing the voltage pulses to an upper
voltage level and lower voltage level in a circuit
known as a discriminator. Those pulses that
cross the lower level (LLD) but not the upper
level (ULD) are registered.
In order to measure the gama ray energy
spectrum, the discriminator window defined by
LLD and ULD is swept over a range, in a
process known as pulse height analysis (PHA).
In practice, the window is repetitively incremented
through 1024 positions. Each of these 1024
positions has a counter, known as a channel,
which counts the gamma rays that pass the
discriminator while the window is in that position.
Thus, as the discriminator window is swept over
a range of energies, an energy spectrum is
accumulated. It is transferred to the computer,
where it is stored and displayed graphically. The
energy calibration of the spectrometer is then
achieved from the channel peak positions of
known energies.
To measure the gamma ray resonance spectrum,
we need to obtain count rate as a function of
doppler velocity. In order to improve signal to
noise ratio in the spectrum, the discriminator is
no longer swept, but set to recognize only the
14.4 KeV gamma rays. The velocity is cyclically
swept, and each of the 1024 channels counts
those gamma rays emitted at a certain velocity.
Over time a spectrum is accumulated, as the
statisticaJ fluctuations due to the random nature
of radioactive decay average out, and the count
rates corresponding to different velocities
become more accurate.
SERVO-AMP
d -
DAC I ULD I PH&
n=A= MCS
MB
COUIRM
IXIC INTERFAM
286 ca@s=
Figure 7. Block diagram of spectrometer
Approved For Releastffif;[N$Blf3fMP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 16
Technical PAPPMObd For ReleaseUNCiMSWARDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
A block diagram of the spectrometer is shown in
figure 7. The data from the memory in the
MS.- 1500 is transferred to the computer via DMA
(direct memory access). The interface control
translates the computer key board functions to
adjust the High Voltage power supp@ (HVPS), the
gain of the proportional counter pulse amplifier,
the upper and lower discriminator, the Doppler
velocity amplitude, and the selection of GRS or
GS and PHA or PHS. The interface control also
has additional ports for temperature control and
frequency generator for the advanced
experiments.
Generally, 30% transmission should be used for
an initial trial, as judged from the pulse height
spectrum. This should also give a good measure
of the Compton scattering which is hard to
calculate for different absorbers. The 14.4 KeV
peak should be at least 20% above the
background, in the pulse height spectrum. Too
thick an absorber will cause line broadening, as
shown in Experiment 1 (Ref. 2. pp. 32-33).
Position of the absorber is not critical, although if
the Comption scattering is large, the absorber
should be placed closer to the source to
minimize inverse-square-law distortions.
Ex erimental Techniques
The absorbers supplied with the spectrometer
are encapsulated in plastic.
Optimum thickness is a function of three factors:
the atomic absorption, the number of Mossbauer
nuclei per unit area, apd the production of
scattered radiation bythe absorber. The
attenuation of the absorber can be expressed as
T/xo=e(-A/P) W) 6
where p/p is the mass absorption coefficient in
cm@lg, and px is the absorber thickness in g/CM2
The attenuation coefficient for 14.4 KeV gamma
rays; is given in Fig. 8.
lee
too
140
120
100
90 -
40
49
20
410 Fe
0 10 20 30 40 60 70 Be
Figure 8. Attenuation coefficient for 14.4keV gamma
radiation as a function of element.
Many materials are suitable for mounting
absorbers. Plexiglass, and polyethylene are most
suitable, If their iron content is low. Clear plastic
tape is convenient for quickly mounting a powder
sample - simply sprinkle the powder onto the
sticky surface. Samples in solution may be
allowed to dry on filter paper. Samples may be
mixed with epoxy and cast between two glass
plates which have been previously coated with
silicon release compound. In all cases, a mount
without the sample should also be prepared, to
measure its attenuation.
Foils, thin films, and paper samples may be
mounted in standard 2 X 2 inch cardboard slide
mounts for convenience in handling.
EXPERIMENTS
1. Uncertainty Principle Measurement of 1h
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle states that any
measurement to determine the energy of system
requires at least a time
AE* T
7
or the finite life time of the excited state means a
given line width r of the emitted radiation, or
-rr
The lifetime of the excited state has been
measured at 98 n see. We now can calculate
Approved For ReleasU:NQ)LQ4MIMODP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 17
Technical ftpwA*d For Release ON(W$StPMC)P96-00789ROO3100170001-9
from a careful measurement of the line width r
of the resonant line, and make corrections for
the experimental conditions;
a. Line Broadening
Increasing the thickness of the iron absorber not
only reduces the intensity of transmitted gamma
rays by I.V-st
but broadens the transmitted linewidth. It can be
shown that the effective thickness of the absorber
becomes:
T-f.naaj, 9
where fa = fraction of recoil free y rays in
absorber
n = number of atoms per unit area (cm@
in the path
cr, = absorption cross section (15 x 10"'
cm2 for iron)
a natural abundance (.0217 for iron)
t thickness (cm)
The fraction of effect then becomes:
N@-No
48 (101
N.-B
where N.= transmission intensity off resonance
No transmission intensity for absorption
B non-Mossbauer transmission
intensity (background)
1. = fraction of recoil free y rays from
source
Background in this case should be mea.ured with
the source and aN absorbers in place as when
taking the spectrum, but with the aperture in the
Proportional Counter tube's lead shield covered
with a piece of 1/8 inch aluminum or 1/4 inch
plexiglass.
The amount of line broadening is then given by
r,=(2 + 0.27T) r,,,.
To obtain IP natural, plot the line width of the 4
single line absorbers against the T of these
absorbers contaising various concentrations of
iron. Use I, = .9 for the source and f, 0.6 for
the absorber.
b. The Cosine Effect
Since the Doppler shift is defined by
U-U - @, + @cl C
AE v Cos 0 12
C_
CaJculate the maximum error in the line width
measurement from the geometry of one
experiment.
2. Debve Temoerature
The Mossbauer Effect maf be explained by
means of the uncertainty principle. The wave
function of an atom in a crystal is limited to a
region of space AX. It has an uncertainty in
momentum of iVAX. It IVAX of the atom is
larger than the momentum hK of the y-ray, there
is a possibility of absorbing the recoil without
changing the state of the atom. The condition for
a large fraction of recoilless emission is x A X <
1. The probability of finding the lattice in the
same state after emission is
_+ j I G > 1 2 13
I <G lex 4- iK -X
where G> is the wave function of the lattice, fc
the wave vector of the gamma-ray and 9 the
position of the emitting atom. If the initial states
are occupied with probability, gG in thermal
equilibrium, then the fraction of recoilless
emission is
f(t) 9 < G I ex+-
G G tK ,]I G >12 [14]
Approved For Releas4jnooAgSW~MP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 IS
Technical PAPPRAd For Release MOLASSMEROP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
For a harmonic Solid the probability of recoilless
emission or absorption is given by exp v?< x!
> T ], where ik is the wave vector of the
gamma-ray, and < X 2 > T Is the mean square
displacement < > T denoting thermal average.
If the Debye model is used to describe the solid,
then
nucleus.
The,transitions between these levels are then
given by
V 171
EWE. 1 + - ut,-H P.M.-p9mg
, I C 1 1. /9
E . j Tj f. Out T 15
i?<,x2> T - 3-:L 1/4 xdx
el -
where eD is called the Debye temperature. Thus,
if the nuclear transition is of low energy and it the
Debye temperature of the crystal is high, then the
probability for recoilless emission or absorption is
high.
The recoil free fraction,
f-e - < X1 > /;L2 and
_@ E
're ii TC
E, 3 Ir 2 T2 16 ]
+ 2
f-e K001 @ 6D I
Calculate the Debye temperature for the absorber
used in experiment 1.
3. Electric Quadrupole S121itting
The absorber furnished for this experiment gives
a well resolved doublet. Measure the quadrupole
splitting, isomer shift and line width.
4. MAGNETIC DIPOLE SPLITTING: NUCLEAR
ZEEMAN EFFECT IN IRON
Fe" foil, because of its high intrinsic magnetic
field, is the most convenient sample for observing
the Nuclear Zeeman Effect. Run a Mossbauer
Spectrum with sufficient velocities (± 8 mnVsec)
to observe all six absorption lines. (See rig. 6)
The ground state in Fe" foil, with total spin 1.
112, is split into two levels of m. = ± 1/2 by the
magnetic field H. The excited state, with 1,, = 312,
is split into four levels of m, = ± 1/2, ± 312. The
displacement of each sublevel is given by
AE = -,uHmA, where p = nuclear magnetic
moment, and H = internal magnetic field at the
with the limitation of the selection rule that Am
0, ± 1. E', takes into account the isomer shift,
since the six line spectrum does not center on
zero velocity. The nuclear magnetic moments of
the ground state and excited state arep, and p,
respectively.
Of the four variables H, and the velocity
calibration of the apparatus, two can be
determined H the other two are known. In
particular, If p. and velocity calibration are
known, H and p. can be calculated. H is given
by the equation above. /j, is calculated from the
sublevel displacement.
AE-E,'--jjHM11.
Z
Taking AV,= Ve - V,, as the difference in velocity
between the last two absorption lines and
substituting I = X2, and m = 3/2, 1/2, we find
AV
E. -1 - 213 ji. H For the lower level,
C
Av2= v, - v3 both originating from the m = t1/2
upper level). Then . A V2
E. C 2jugH. 18
Eliminating E,, H, and c between the two
equations, then Avi
- . [ 19
AV2
has been measured to be 0.0903 :L- .0007
nuclear magnetons.
Velocity calibration-of the apparatus may be
achieved by measuring the separation of the
outermost two lines. The intrinsic magnetic field
of Fe" at the nucleus is 331.5 Kilogauss.
From the Zeeman splitting, calculated the
following:
a. magnetic moment of the excited state
b. calibration of the spectrometer
Approved For ReleAJ&4Cd3PASIFWA3RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-919
Technical HAppmabd For ReleaseU&i(DiMSMWP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
c. line width and amplitude of the resonant lines
5. Antiferromagnetism
Test the sample provided with a bar magnet, and
notice that the material is not magnetic. Set the
velocity range to ± 8 mm/sec, and take a
spectrum.
a. Explain the presence of a magnetic dipole
spectrum
b. Measure the magnetic field, quadrupole
splitting and isomer shift.
using Mossfit, for
a. Magnetic, quadrupole and isomer shift .Jor
each valence state. . . 4-3
b. 'Assign these parameters to the Fe" and Fe
sites.
If-you have a problem with the interpretation or
assigning the resonance lines, use the NiFe.O.
absorber, the resonance lines, use here the Fe"
lines are missing.
Ref erences
6. The Iron Phosphide Paradox
Again, test the sample provided with a bar
magnet, and use a velocity range of ± 8
mrn/sec.
a. explain the spectrum
b. analyze the data
c. What could be done to change the spectrum?
01
1. L May, ed., An Introduction to Mossbauer
SDectroscopy, New York, 1971 (An excellent
general reference)
2. H. Frauenfelder, The Mossbauer Effect, New
York, 1962 (Contains reprints of many of the
classical papers on the subject).
3. L May and J. J. Spijkerman, @Mossbauer
Spectroscopy,, Chemistry, 40 (14 - 17). 1967.
7. Polarization of Y-ravs
The Mossbauer spectrum of iron, seen in
experiment 4, changes when the iron sample is
magnetized- - that is, when all the magnetic
moments are polarized in one d"Irection. The two
samples provided are magnetically polarized
parallel and perpendicular to the beam. From
the theory given in experiment 4,
a. Calculate the line intensities for a parallel and
perpendicular magnetic field.
b. Add the intensities of a, and give the resulting
Spectrum.
REFERENCES: Experiments
A. J. Bearden and P. L Mattern, Am J. Phys. 3,
109-19(1964), eMossbauer-Eff ect Apparatus for
an Advanced Undergraduate Teaching
Laboratory.'
N. Benczer-Koller and R. H. Herber,
'Experimental Methods,8 in Chemical Applications
of Mossbauer Spectroscopy, edited by V. 1.
Goldanskii and R. H. Herber (Academic Press,
New York, 1968), pp 114-58.
8. Oxidation States
Theclassical question of the iron's valence state
in Fe.0, is given a decisive answer by GRS- the
observed absorption curve shows two
superimposed iron spectra, one with an isomer
shift corresponding to a valence of +2, the other
corresponding to a valence of +3. The Fe +3
spectrum has twice the magnitude of the other,
thus showing that two of the iron atoms have
valences of +3, and one has a valence of +2.
Record the spectrum, and analyze the data,
J. W. Klein and H. Faatz, GIT Fachz. Lab. 13.
741-4 (1969), 'Aufbau eines; industriellen
Mossbauer-Spektrometers.,
H. Yamamoto, Kinzoku 6, 49-56 (1969).
lInstruments for Mossbauer Effect
Measurements.0
J. J. Spijkerman, 'Conversion Electron Mossbauer
Spectroscopy! in Mossbauer Effect Methodology
(Seventh Symposium on Mossbauer Eff ect
Methodology, New York City. January 31, 1971)
Approved For Release lj"GIAI; SMIKP96-00789ROO3100170001-9 20
Technical PAQjpnWed For Releasom"PLF11F
QP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
edited by Irwin J. Gruverman (Plenum Press. New
York. 1971). Vol. 7. pp 85-96.
G. M. Kalvius and E. Kankeleit, 'Recent
improvements in Instrumentation and Methods of
Mossbauer Spectroscopy,* In Mossbauer
Spectroscopy and Its Applications. (Proc. of
Panel, Venna, May 24-28, 1971) edited by (Int.
Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1971), pp 9-88.
E. Kankelelt, 'Some Technical Developments in
Mossbauer Spectroscopy,N in Proceedings
International Conference on Mossbauer
Spectroscopy. (international Conference on
Mossbauer Spectroscopy, Cracow, Poland,
August 25-30, 1975) edited by A. Z. Hrynkiewicz
and J. A. Sawicki (Wykonano W. Powielarni Akad.
Gorniczo-Hutniczej, Cracow, 1975). Vol 2, pp
43-58.
G. K. Shenoy and F. E. Wagner. 'The
Measurement of Isome(Shifts,6 in Mossbauer
Isomer Shifts, edited by G. K. Shenoy and F. E.
Wagner (North-Holland Publishing Company,
Amsterdam, 1978), pp 49-110.
R. N. Kuz'min and A. A. Opalenko, Prib. Tekh.
Eksp. 7-16(1981), 'Methods for Generating and
Measuring Pressure in Mossbauer Experiments!
G. Longworth, Stud. Phys. Theor. Chem. 25,
122-58(1983), oInstrumentation for Mossbauer
Spectroscopy!
A. Deriu, *Methodology of Mossbauer
Spectroscopy.' in Proceedings of the School on
Applications of Nuclear Gamma Resonance
Spectroscopy (Mossbauer Spectroscopy)
(Applications of Nuclear Gamma Resonance
Spectroscopy, ICIP, Trieste, Italy, August 11-16,
1986) edited by N. S. Eissa and G. Denardo
ONorld Scientific Publishing Go., Pie. Ltd.,
Singapore, 1988) pp 65-100.
R. Nagarajan, Indian J. Pure Appl. PhYs. 27.
393-406 (1989), 'Instrumentation for Mossbauer
Spectroscopy.'
SLIDES
1. PROPORTIONAL COUNTER DESIGN AND
CHARACTERISTICS CURVE
2. C05' ENERGY LEVEL DIAGRAM AND
INTERNAL CONVERSION
4. X-RAY ABSORPTION AND ABSORPTION
EDGES
5. X-RAY FLUORESCENCE
6. COMPTON EFFECT THEORY AND
COMPTON SPECTRUM
7. DOPPLER EFFECT AND GRS
8. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF GAMMA
RESONANCE SPECTROMETER
9. RECOIL FREE EMISSION AND
ABSORPTION, OVERLAP INTEGRALS,
CURVE PITTING
10. LINE BROADENING THEORY
11. UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE
12. THE DEBYE TEMPERATIJRE
13. THE GRS PARAMETERS
14. MAGNETIC SPLITTING, CLEBSCH-GORDON
COEFRAND SELECTION RULES
15. MAGNETIC POLARIZATION
16. MAGNETIC MATERIALS; FERROMAGNETIC,
ANTIFERROMAGNETIC, RELAXATION
17. CURIE AND NEEL TEMPERATURES
18. FM MODULATION OF GAMMA RAYS
19. CONVERSION ELECTRON GRS
20. REFRACTIVE INDEX OF PLASTIC
MEASURED BY GRS
M. L Alexandrov and V. P. Andreev, Fresenius Z
Anal. Chem. 335, 2-8(1989), 'Some Aspects of
Analytical Instrumentation: Models, Techniques,
Instruments.'
Approved For Release 20UNiDtAaf'AtliMR-00789ROO3100170001-9 21
Technical p48p6qb(pd For ReleaseUlWb"$tFArPMP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
V1. RESUMES (U)
(U) This section includes only those resumes that were not included in the original proposal.
Approved For Release 20OUNJ&kv4fPASERP-00789ROO3100170001-9 22
,@UM VITAE
CUR@'ICW
@ c
Approved or e ease 2003/0APU
NAME: Byron Wm. Brown, Jr.
BORN:
MARITAL
STATUS:
June 10, 1991
00170001-9
SGFOLA3
OFFICE	Department of Health Research and Policy, Division of
ADDRESS:	Biostatistics, HRP, Room 114C@ Stanford, CA 94305-5092
	Phone: (415) 723-5687
HOME	
ADDRESS:	
EDUCATION: University of Minnesota B.A. 1952
Major: Mathematics
University of Minnesota M.A. 1955
Major: Statistics
University of Minnesota Ph.D. 1959
Major: Biostatistics
Minor: Mathematics
ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS:
Assistant Professor, Biometry Division
University of Minnesota 1959-1961
Associate Professor, Biometry Division
University of Minnesota 1961-1965
Professor and Head, Biometry Division
Director of Graduate Study in Biometry
University of Minnesota 1965-1968
Professor and Head, Division of Biostatistics
Stanford University, California 1968-
Acting Chairman, Department of Family,
Community and Preventive Medicine 1975-1976,
Stanford University 1984
Chairman, Department of Health 1988-
Research and Policy
Stanford University
brown/cv 1991
SGFOIA3
SGFOIA3
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Approved_For RelpaRf 39M04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
L,u ricu
Byron Wm. Brown, Jr. Ir u
RECOGNITION AND HONORS:
B.A. magna cum laude, Univ, of Minnesota
Phi Beta Kappa; Sigma Xi
Fellow, American Statistical Association
Fellow, Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association
Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
Who's Who in America; Dictionary of International Biography
Statistics Section Award, American Public Heaith Assn., 1983
International Institute of Statistics
Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences
PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS:
American Statistical Association
Institute of Mathematical Statistics
Biometric Society
American Heart Association
American Association fo.r-the
Advancement of Science
2
Approved For Release 2003/04/18: CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Approved For Release 2mmkiltlhgJ*P96-00789ROO3100170001 -9
GARY PANDALL FUJIMOTO, M.D.
AddreW: DwIslon of occupiational Med1cine
pajo Alto Medical ;;0tjnjation
@00 H=er Avenue
301
SGFOIA3
Date of SirtK,
PRIEUNT P-031TIM.'
04f88 -- present Medical Director, OcCuoationai Medicine DeDartment, Health Care
Division, 0-alo Alto Medical Fourdation.
Miedical Director - Travel Medicine Clinic, Pab Alto Medical Foundation,
Palo A! to, CA.
Ar@AQEMIC_ 6PPOINTM ENTS:
1991 - present	
t in :>i v,
	Med4C81 Center
Lanford Univers'll[V t ., Stanford, CA
967 - present	Assistant C11 Inical Proffessor of Medicine,
	L*pwr.ment orl"edlclr@e, 5ahool ur MedIcIne, Unlver5ity of
	California, Sari Francisco, CA
1967-- 1989	C1 In! cal instructor @ n Medicine, Department of Medicine
	5tani,ora,inwersity iiewcw center, 5tanr-1-4 cA
1986.- 1988	Associate CMIeT, UIVISIon Of Occupational Mealcinu wx!
	Employee Health Services, Santa Clara Valley Medfcal Center,
	Sm Jose, CA
	
I 9B5 .- 1987	Assistant Clinical Professor OT Med)CIne, Department or
	Medicine, University of California Md1cal Center, San Diego,
	CA
1983- 1985 Clinical Instructor of t1edicine, Department wrmaicine,
Univers! ty of Califomia Medical Center, San Diego, CA
1983 - !, 9015 Post-Doctoral Scholar, Division of Pulmonary Medicine,
Department of MedicIne, UniversIty of Cal, J f om,,a mew ca;
Center, San Dieco.. CA
I 11CENSING AND CERTIFICATION:
1980 G43075 Medical License. State of Cai!fomla
1980 AFQ486867 DEA Registratior nur-,@)er
11983 018C)"100 Board certified. American Board of Internal Medicine
1990 -Z?406 Board certif led, American Board of Preventive rledicIne
(Occupatlonal, Medicine)
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
rurf6i!^uh TIM Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
%_ @- I. -vitae PW TWO
C7ary R, Fujimoto, M.D.
A
4 gall _ ,
.983 Medic3l Chief ReSident
Gener-al internal P%alclne, Department or
Medicine, University Of CalifOrDlat1ed1cal Center, 3an Dlego,
CA
1980- 1982 Medical ReSident
Department or Medicine, University of California Medical
Center, San Diego. CA
1979- 1980 Medical Intern:
Department of Medicine, University of California Medical
center, San Diego, CA
1975- 1979 Medical School:
M,D.: Albert, Einstein College of Med1cine, Bronx, N.Y.
1971 - ',973 College
B.A.: Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH
JQN0R&
1970, !Ya Pubir, Mqmrr1P,,) Award in Pulmonary Mem'lclne, Al@elr't'
Efnsteln Colleqe of Meftine
?"J@ 7 5 Honors at graduation, Oberlin College
-CQNSULTANT- FQ_FL
Raychem Corporation, Stanford University, Stanford University MedIC31 Center,
Alza Corporation, SySternix Corporation, DNAX Corporatli on, Failure Analysis
Stanford Research Insititute, Californila Blotechniogy, City of Palo Alto,
Menlo Park Fire Protection District, City of Sunnyvale Fire Department -Hazardous Materlals
Teams, City of Mountain View Fire Department-Hazardous Materials Teams
RE,M'ED ACT I
1989 medical Advisor, Santa Clara County Infectious Waste TasK
Force
1988 medical Adv1sor - HlV/Hepat1t1s 8 Exposures Arnong Health
Care workers, Santa Clara Valley
MedlIcal Center -,Infection Control 50commlttee
,957 - pr sent membe'-, Environmenta" and PublIc Health Advisory
com.mittee.. Santa Ciam County Medical Society, San Jose.. CA
966 memter,. Specialty Consultant Panel, Central-Coast. Cot-intles
Regionall Polson Center, San Jose, CA
@957 - C355 Corajltant, Subcommittee on the HealtP, Ef fects of Ref use-
Derived Energy.. AmerIcan Lung.Assoclation of San Diego and
Approved For Re14WWcWWt4P CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Curriculum Vitae Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Gary R. FuJ4,moto, M.D. Page Three
RFLAI "D ACTIVI TIES Scont,InUed)
1986 Chairman, Subcommittee on the Health EffeCts Of Refuse-
Derivpd Fnprfjy, Arnerir;n I jjng A&eWj;3tjon of San Diego and
Imperial Countles
1984- 1986 Medlcal Director, County Medical Services Program, University of
California, San Diego Medical Center
1983- 1986 Occupational and fnternal Medleine ConWlt2nt and Attending
Physician, Beach Area Community Health Center, Sw Diego,
CA
1962- 1986 Occupational Mclicine ConsUlt2rit, AMertcan Lung ASSOciation
of San Diego and Imperial Counties
3QQEj-1ES AND PROFESSIONAL ASSO.Cl-AT-1-0
Western Occupational ttdiclne Association
American OCCUPational Medical Association
Santa Clam Cowty Medical Society
American College of Physici"
American Public Healtn Association, Occupational Health Section
Arneri,can Lung Association of 3an Diego and Imperial Counties,
Occupational and Environmental Health Committee
CallrorrilafleOcal Association
RESEAR_CR ACTLYIIIF5w
1952 - Present Acute and chronic effects or fire f Ighting amung Sw D i egu r it V
ffghtem. (Princloal investigator) J,
!983- 1985 C] fntcal research on new antlhyoertenstve medications - MK
256 (a Lricosuric 04uretic) and tlapamll (a calcium channei
blocker). A double Ond clinical inve5tigation. Paul Jagger,
M.D. (Principal investigator)
05/78 Participation in a stucly OT the Michigan population exposea to
polybrominated b1ohenyls (PBB's). Munt Sinai School of
Medicine, Environmental 5erviceS Laboratory. Irvingi.
Selikoff, M.D.
06-08/78 Research on the chemical hazards in the Dharmaceutical
industry. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of
Community Medicine, and the OR, Che-mical and Atomic
Worker's Union
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
4(* TrTAI- PA3;:-n04
Curri cul u in vitae Approved For Release 2003104118 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Gary R. Fujimoto, M.D. Page Four
RESEA11CH AG-TIVIIIES (continued)
06-08/75 study or asbestos-related disease of the gastrointestinal
tracts and lungs of inClividuhis "m Duluth, Minnesota,
Mount 31nal, Sehool of Medicine, EnvIronmenta) sciences
Laboratory. Irving J. 5elikoff, M.D.
1974- 1975 Senior Honors Thesis (Oberlin Colle@p) on the biological
ef fects of asbestos fiber (gross and electromtcroscopic
pathology) on the gastrointestinal tracts of mice. Oberlin
College,. Department of Biology, Dr. Anna P. Brummett,
ChatrTnan, Department of 131ology
015-0/74 Errectb or rwat and chemical eVosvres among woMem in the
rubber 1:1 re Industry. HwVard School of Publ i c Heal tN john
rL Peters, MD.
06-013173 5tuay or pulmonary disease assoctal.W wltl) asbestos exposure
(electromicroscopic pathology). Mount 31nal School of
meoicine, Env Ironmemal 5cl ences Laboratory, livingi.
Selikoff, M.
06-08/72 Occupational hazards In the newspaper Industry.
Intemational minting PreSSMen-G Wa ASSIStantV Union
PUBLICAILm-
Edited Chapter by Graef, J.W. and Lovejoy, F.M., Jr.: Heavy Metal Poisoning. in Harrison's
Principles of Internal Medic Ine. I I th Ed. 1986.
Fujimoto, G,R., McQuadt@, S.F., and Ramsdell. J.W., Eds.: 0-rug PrICIngManual. UCSD
-PublIcatlons 1983.
Fujirnvto, G.R., Eckert, C-AL, and Harrison, RJ.: Undergraduate Training In Occupational
Health, 0S-afety-anrlHoWtha@nposla, 1,978. DHEWNIOSH)PublirationNo.80-
105, 151-153.
10/91
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
CURRICULUM VITAE February 1985
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
SGFOIA3
EDUCATION:
Years School Location
1957-61 Boston University Boston, Mass.
1961-62 Loma Linda University Los Angeles, Calif.
Rotating Internship
White Memorial Hospital
1963-66 University of California at Los Angeles
Psychiatric Residency
PROFESSIONAL TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE:
1956-57 Research Assistant
Maos-9achusetts General'Hospital
Harvard Medical School
1962-63 General Praotice
Kaiser Permanente (Compton Clinic')
1963-66 Member, Neuroendocrine Clinic and
Diabetic Retinopathy Clinicr UCLA
1965-66 Postdoctoral Fellowship Award
USPHS MH-6415
Brain Research Institute, UCLA
1966-present Member, Brain Research Institute, UCLA
1966-71	Assistant Professor in Residence,
	Dept. of Psychiatry,,School of Medicine, UCLA;
	Assistant Research Psychiatrist, BRI, UCLA
1972	Associate Professor in Residence,
	Dept. of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, UCLA
1973-77	Joint Appointment: Associate Professor in Residence,
	Computer Science Dept., School of Engineering, UCLA
1977-present	Joint Appointments: Professor in Residence,
	Dept. of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and
	Computer Science Dept., School of Engineering, UCLA
1978-present	Joint Appointment: Professor in Residence,
	Dept. of Anesthesiologyr School of Medicine, UCLA
Boston, Mass.
Degree
M.D.
Los Angeles, Calif.
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
UNIVERSITY 2003104118: CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Data Processing Laboratory Advisory Committee
Telemetry Consultant to Brain Research Institute Mountain Campus
Committee
Representative for the Dept. of Psychiatry on Mental Health Training
Program Committee
Mental Health Training Program Subcommittees on Budget and Education
Brain Research Institute Committee on Future of Brain Research Institute
The Next Ten Years Brain Research Institute Committee for BRI 10th
Anniversary
Hospital, Intensive Care Committee
Appointment and Promotion Committee, Dept. of Psychiatry (two years) ,
Ad Hoc Committees
CONSULTATION SERVICES:
a. Consultant to Dept. of Urology, University of Rochester, School of
Medicine, for hyperbaric research
b. EEG Consultant to NASA for Biosatellite III Program, 1967 to present
c. Consultant to AMPEX Corporationt Redwood City, California, for
advanced EEG research
d. Consultant to Alza Corporation, Stanford, California, on computer
analysis of EEG data
e. Consultant to Committee on Space Research (COSPAR), on space
terminology
f. Consultant to Jet Propulsion Laboratory Biomedical Group on the
use of ultrasonics
g. Consultant to the Behavioral Research Foundation, St. Kitts,
British West Indies, on animal telemetry systems
h. Consultant to the Behavioral Science Foundation
i. Consultant to the Sleep Laboratory at the Southern California
Neuropsychiatric Institutet La Jolla, California
j. Consultant to Assessment Systems, Incorporated, Houston, Texas
k. Consultant to the Sleep Disorders Clinic (John Andrews, M.D.),
Provo, Utah
1. Consultation service to the N.I.H. Neurology Study Section (sleep)
HONORS:
1957-61, Leopold Schepp Foundation Scholar (in medical school)
1957-58 Johnson Wax Foundation Scholar
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Approved For?fkftft 21kq3/WftL)MAfpDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
curriculum Vitae
PERSONAL DATA
VMrArr'rnm
B.S.# California Institute of Technology, 1964. (Biology)
Ph.D. Yale University, 1968. (Psychology)
VnQTTTnMQ
SGFOIA3
Professor of -ONeurosciences, Department of Neurosciences,
University of California, San Diego (U.C.S.D.) 1980 - present
Lecturer through AssociAte Professor, Department of Neurosci-
ences, U.C.S.D. 1968-1980
USPHS Traineeship at Yale University in Physiological Psychol-
ogy with Robert Galambos. 1964-1968
J
Research Assistant at Caltech in Psychobiology with C.R. Hamil-
ton and R.W. Sperry. 1963-1964
TEACHING AREAS
Basic Medical Neurology
Sensory Processes: Neurophysiology of Vision and Audition
Human Information Processing: Attention and Perception
Psychophysiology
Neuropsychology
HONORS and AWARDS
Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
MERIT Award from National Institute of Mental Health
UCSD Neurosciences Department outstanding Teacher Award
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-92
ADVISORY AND REVIEW PANELS
NIMH Study Section: Mental Health Small Grant Committee, 1976-1980.
NIMH Study Section: Neurosciences Research Review Committee, 1986-1990.
Advisory Council: International Association for the Study
of Attention and Performance 1978-1983; 1985-present.
Advisory Panel to NIMH Neurosciences Research Branch. 1982-1983.
EDITORIAL BOARDS
Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 1977-present.
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 1988-present.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and
Performance, 1974-1979; 1985-1988.
consciousness and Cognition, 1990-present.
SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS
American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Society for Neuroscience
GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
Principal Investigator: NIMH 2 R01 MH 25594. "Electrophysio-
logical Studies of Selective Perception." 1974-1995.
Principal Investigator: Sloan Foundation Grant B1980-35.
"Event-Related Brain Potentials and Semantic Processing". 1980-
1982.
Co-Principal Investigator (with M. Kutas): NSF BNS 80-05525.
"Semantic Processing and Event-Related Brain Waves." 1980-1986.
Principal Investigator: NINCDS 1PO1 NS17778. "Event-Related
Potentials and Cognition: Program in Cognitive Neuroscience" Cor-
nell Medical School (M.S. Gazzaniga, Program Head) 1982-1994.
Principal Investigator: office of Naval Research Contract,
N00014-86-K-0291. "Electrophysiological Studies of Visual Atten-
tion and Resource Allocation." 1986-1992.
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Brief Curriculum Vitae, 1991 Robert B. Livingston,M.D.
Education: Stanford University (AB, 1940); Stanford University
School of Medicine (MD, 1944); (Residency, Internal Medicine [under
Professor Arthur L. Bloomfield], Stanford University Hospitals,
1943-1945).
Academic Appointments: Stanford University (Instructor in
Pathology (under Alvin Cox], 1943-44); Yale University School of
Medicine (Instructor to Assistant Professor of Physiology- (under John F.
Fulton], 1946-52); (concurrently) Harvard Medical School (Assistant
Professor of Psychiatry [under Harry Solomon], 1946-47); UCLA
School of Medicine (Associate Professor to Professor of Anatomy and
Physioloax [under H. W. Magoun and John Field], 1952-57); Adjunct
Professor, Mid-Career Course, U.S. State Department, 1957-1964;
Founding Chair, UCSD School of Medicine, Department of Neurosciences
(Professor of Neurosciences, 1964-1989 [with Theodore H. Bullock,
Robert Galambos, Reginald Bickford, John O'Brien, Marjorie
Seybold, Fred Gage, Robert Terry, and Robert Katzman]; Guest
Professor of Neurosciences, at the Hirnforschungsinstitut der
Universittit Z0rich (under Konrad Akert], 1971-72). Science
.CMsultant, [under His Holiness, the Dalai Lama], 1991--).
[Airri of this academic career has been to investigate combinations of
nervous and mental functions, using a variety of neuroanatomical,
neurophysiological, behavioral and clinical techniques and disciplines.]
Adtanced Training---: UniversIt6 de Gdn6ve (National Research
Council Senior Fellow in Neurology, [under Oscar Wyss],1948-49);
Universitfit ZQrich (ditto [under Walter Rudolph Hess], 1949);
Colldge de France (Wilhelm B. Gruber Fellow in Neurology, [under
Alfred Fessard], 1949-50); Oxford University (ditto [under F.S.C.
Little and Paul Glees], 1950); Universitet G6teborg (US Public
Health Service Senior Fellow in Neurology, [with Bo Gernandt and
Holger Hyde'n], 1956); Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(Research Associate, Neurosciences Research Program, [under Francis 0.
Schmitt], 1961-1973).
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
2
National Service: US Navy Medical Corps (Reserve), World
War 11: [Established and directed the hospital for wounded Okinawans and
Japanese POWs throughout the battle of Okinawa, (awarded U.S. Navy
Bronze Star for this contribution), 1945]; ["Interpreter" for surrender of
Japanese Army in North China, (U.S. Marine Corps needed people with even
modest Chinese and Japanese language training), 1945]; [Chief, Medical
Battalion Laboratory, 2nd Marine Division, Tiensin and Peking,
throughout "Cease-Fire" between Kuomintang and Chinese Communists,
194.5-46]; U.S. Public Health Service representative -- First Life
Sciences Committee, NASA, advisory for life support systems, safety,
communication, selection of Astronauts, etc., 1958-63].
International Digiomatic Contributions: International
Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW), winner of 1985
Nobel Prize for F5eace, IPPNW Emissary [with Lars Engstedtj to Egypt,
Jordan, Syria, Kuwait, Bahrian, and Saudi Arabia, to persuade Arab
physicians to contribute internationally to prevention of nuclear war;
IPPNW Ambgssador. to Tibetan Govern ment-in- Exile, Dharamsala, India.
Contributed to three successive tutorials 1987, 1989, 1990 on Mind and
LLte. [under Tenzin Gyatso, His Holiness, The Dalai Lama, winner of
the 1989 Nobel Peace Prize],). Participant, two international diplomatic
missions conducted by the Center for the Study of the Person [under Carl
Rogers] in Rust, Austria, [with Gay Swensen after Roger's death] in San
Jos(5, Costa Rica, [under President Arias], to establish dialogue between
governments of Nicaragua and United States.
Re,search Contributions: Neocortical representations of visceral
functions in monkey and chimpanzee [with Ernest Sachs, Jr., Sam
Brendler, and Jos6 Delgado]; Human frontal and cingulate cortical
representations of visceral functions (with William P. Chapman,
William H. Sweet, and Kenneth E. Livingston]; Plasticity of muscle
synergy in humans [with Alfred Fessard, Jean Paillard, and Auguste
Tourney]; Eye movements controlled by frontal eye fields and occipital
visual fields in monkey; Frontal motor representations in deep sulci of
cats [with Jos6 Delgado]; Localization of frontal eye fields in cats;
Head turning and eye deviation elicited by stimulation of frontal cortex in
freely moving cats [under Walter Rudolf Hess, with Donald A.
Approved For Release 2003104118: CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
3
MacDonald]; Explosive decompression at high altitude [with Samuel
Gelfan and Leslie Nims]; Use of biological potentials to warn of anoxic
anoxia [with Harold S. Burr]; Segregation, origin and destination of first-
order sensory dorsal column axons [under Paul Glees]; Central control of
ascending sensory pathways [with Radl Herndndez-Pe6n and Harald
Scherrer]; Cortical influences on brain stem conduction systems, and on
brain stem arousal mechanisms [with John D. French, Ra6l Herndndez
Pe6n, W. Ross Adey and Josd Segundo]; Cerebrospinal fluid equilibria;
Somatic functions of the nervous system [with Ra6l Herndndez-Pe6n];
Differential seizure susceptibility in monkey cortex (with John D.
French]; Prevention of seizures in monkeys by intravenous procaine
injections [with John D. French, Bruce Konigsmark, and Ken
Richland]; Vestibulo-spinal motor projections [with Bo Gernandt, Sid
Gilman, and Magdolna lranyi]; Brain mechanisms and behavior;
NeUrophysiology of brain stem reticular formation [with Frederic G.
Worden]; Neurophysiological contributions to internal medicine [with
Frederic G. Worden]; Longitudinal spinal and brainstern reflex systems
relayed through the bulbar reticular formation [with Muneo Shimamura];
Dynamics of acoustic pathways under control of middle-ear muscles (with
Arnold Starr and Peter Carmel; What makes the sloth so slothful?
[with T.H. Bullock, Donald B. Lindsley, and Robert Galambos];
Central control of receptors and sensory transmission systems; Role of
central nervous mechanisms relating to reinforcement; Ultrastructure of
myelin glial-axonal junctions, and functional dynamics of synaptic
boutons [under Konrad Akert]; Cinemorphology of whole human brain
serial surfaces, in registration, exposed at microscopically thin intervals
throughout the entire brain in 68 "normal" human brains [with Roy Mills
and Thornton Egge]; Three-dimensional reconstruction of one whole
human brain, using interactive computer graphics [with Kent Wilson,
Bill Atkinson, and Bud Tribble, 111]. A film on this subject [produced
under Sy Wexler] won sweepstakes awards at all major international
documentary film festivals in 1976/7 and has been shown repeatedly on
NOVA, National Geographic Society, BBC, OlVINIMAX, and many other
television programs, worldwide, since then. Undernourishment affecting
human brain development in the U.S. [under Doris H. Calloway, with
Helen Ross, and Elisabeth Stern]. Expeditions include: Ship's
Physician and Chief Diver, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Expedition
CAPRICORN [under Roger Revelle and Walter Munk], 1951-1952; Alpha
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
4
Hellix Expedition to the Amazon [with Theodore H. Bullock and Donald
B. Lindsley], 1968; Expedition to Panama (with Theodore H. Bullock
and Robert Galambos] 1970.
Rpsearch Publications: Some 200 research publications including
a few research monographs. Chapters on Neurophysiology in a textbook for
psychologists; Chapters on Neurophysiology in a textbook for psychiatrists-
-these latter were republished as a separate monograph, Sensor -Y
Processing, Perception, and Behavior, 1978, Section on Neurophysiology
consisting of a dozen chapters in Best and Ta"I r's Physiological Basis of
Meidical Practice, 11th Edition,1985, and 12th Edition, 1990.
Lectureships: AAAS Holiday Science Lecturer, for State-wide honor
high school students: Florida, 1958, Oregon, 1959; National Sigma Xi
Lje@-.turer, 1960 and 1961@ Queen Kamehameha Lecturer, University of
Hawaii School of'Medicine, 1965; AAAS Chautauqua Lectureship [shared
with Elisabeth Stern], 1978 and 1979; Sachs Memorial Lecturer,
Dartmouth Medical School,1981.
Extra- Curricular Activities: Co-Incorporator [with John F.
Fulton], the Journal of the History of Medicine, 1951. Participated
closely with Leo Szilard in founding the Council for Abolishing War,
which became the Council for a Livable World, 1962. Co-Incorporator
[with Richard J. Barnet, Marcus Raskin, and Christopher Jencks], of
the Institute for Policy Studies, 1962. Co-Incorporator [with Fritjof
Capra] of the Elmwood Institute, 1979. Active [under Bernard Lown] in
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, as Emissary
and Ambassador; Deputy Council representative for U.S. Physicians for
Social Responsibility; House of Delegates, 1986-88, U.S. national
Physicians for Social Responsibility, President-Elect 1991, [to serve as
President, 1992, Past-President 1993; Co-President, San Diego Chapter,
1989-91.
Robert B. Livingston, M.D.
Professor of Neurosciences Emeritus
University of California San Diego
Address: 7818 Camino Noguera, San Diego, California 92122-2027.
Telephone: (619) 455-0306; Telefax0l (619) 455-1874.
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
CURRICULUM VITAE
NAME: ROBIN P. MICHELSON, M.D.
BORN:
EDUCATION:
1932-1934 University of California
Berkeley, Calfiornia
1934-1936 eStanford University
Stanford, California
1936-1940 Stanford-13 hiversity
School of Medidne
Stanford, California
POSTGRADUATE TRAINING:
10.040-1941 Assistant Resident, Pathology
San Francisco General Hospital
1946-,10-48 Otolaryngology Resident
Veterans Administration, San Francisco
MILITARY SERVICE:
10-41-1946 Captain, U. S. Army (MC)
B.S
M.D.
LICE--NSURE AND CERTIFICATION:
1940 Ap p roQW iftqft lease 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
9 5 0 American Board of Otolaryngology
SGFOIA3
CURRICULUM V'Thl&irovWA;PRelbW&~iM);~MWI-DCIA-RDP96-00789RO03100170001-cj?-
HOSPITAL AFFILIATIONS:
1945-10- 56 St. Luke's Hospital, San Francisco
1946-1956 St. Mary's Hospital, San Francisco
1968-Present University of California Hospitals
1958-Present Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City, California
University of California Hospitals, San Francisco
POSITIONS HELD:
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
Depa Iment of Otolaryngology
1968-1974 Associate Clinical Professor
1974-Present Clinical Professor
OUTSIDE THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA:
1948-1952 Clincal Instructor, Stanford University School of
Medicine
1952-Present Assistant Clinical Professor, Stanford University
School of Medidne
1 0=5-. cgs
Cnief, Stanford ENT S-ervic-n,
San Francisco General ',-'.,-.-cpitai
JQ60_4
- 10-63 Chief of ENT Service
San Mateo County Hospital
1940-11 -080 Private Practice, Redwcod Cltl/, California
MEMBERSHIP IN SCIENTIFIC SOCIET IE.S AND THEIR COMMIT-1 2=:z
.1945 American Medical Association
1945 dft&PP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Me%
Approved For slaaagaMINipmr., 89ROO3100170001-9
7
EDUCAT'ION: A.B. Harvard, 1949
M.D. Columbia, 1953
George Washington University School of Government
and Business, 1973-1974
Army War College, 1976
MEDICAL LICENSE: New York #77729
California #G-4697
Certified, American Board of Pediatrics, 1961
EXPERTISE: Health and Performance Research
Technology Transfer
Epidemiology and Infectious Disease
Senior Executive Management
PRESENT POSITION
Consultant to Systems Engineering and Management
Associates, Falls Church, Virginia
SGFOIA3
Responsible for facilitating commercialization of Strategic Defense Initiative
technologies to the health care industry and the life sciences research
community.
PAST IE14PLOYMENT
1987-1990 Chief Scientist (Biomedical Operations)
Flow General Inc., McLean, Virginia
Advised the CEO on health-related activities of the six subsidiary companies
world-wide. Also served as Director, Biomedical and Veterinary Services
Division, Flow Laboratories, Inc., owned by Flow General, Inc. (Left company
when health-related activities were sold.)
1957-1986 Active duty, U.S. Army 1957-1986
Continuously involved in research and development (R&D) throughout Army service;
retired I September 1986 in the grade of Major General as Assistant Surgeon
General (R&D) and Commander, U.S. Army Medical R&D Command.
Approved For Release 2003104/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
GARRISON RAPMUND
F SGFOIA3
EDucxriON: A.B. Harvard, 1949
M.D. Columbia, 1953
George Washington University School of Government
and Business, 1973-1974
Army War College, 1976
MEDICAL LICENSE: New York #77729
California #G-4697
Certified, American Board of Pediatrics, 1961
EXPERTISE: Health and Performance Research
Technology Transfer
Epidemiology and Infectious Disease
Senior Executive Management
0.
PRESENT POSITION Consultant
Responsible
technologies
community.
Associates,
for
to Systems Engineering and Management
Falls Church, Virginia
facilitating commercialization of Strategic Defense Initiative
to the health care industry and the life sciences research
PAST EMPLOYMENT
1987-1990 Chief Scientist (Biomedical Operations)
Flow General Inc., McLean, Virginia
Advised the CEO on health-related activities of the six subsidiary companies
world-wide. Also served as Director, Biomedical and Veterinary Services
Division, Flow Laboratories, Inc., owned by Flow General, Inc. (Left company
when health-related activities were sold.)
1957-1986 Active duty, U.S. Army 1957-1986
Continuously involved in research and development (R&D) throughout Army service;
retired I September 1986 in the grade of Major General as Assistant Surgeon
General (R&D) and Commander, U.S. Army Medical R&D Command.
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Approved For Release 2~9#fttibl*lilJW96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Garrison Rapmund, M.D. SGFOIA3
Major General (Retired), United States Amy
DATE OF BIRTH
CITIZENSHIP
MARITAL STATUS
HOME ADDRESS
PRESENT POSITION Consultant to Systems Engineering and Management
Associates, Falls Churchs Virginia
Responsible for facilitating commercialization of
Strategic Defense Initiative technologies to the
health care industry and the life sciences research
community.
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
SGFOIA3
Philip D. Wasserman
EDUCATION
Study leading to Ph.D. in Computer Science and Engineering
MS YZItetrical Engineering and Computer Science. Santa Clara University
BS Nkthematics, Summa Cum Laude, College of Natre Dame
FR0F1LE OF_ EXWRIENCE
Over 29 years experience in the f told of artificial neural networks. Author of two bo'oks and
seTeral papers on theory and applications. Successfully applied artificial neural networics to solve a
wide range of real world problems.
More than 30 years diversified experience as an Electronics Engineer, heavily involved in the
detailed design of elcctronic instruinent:3, analog and digital circults, computer software, con1puter
hardware and computer iyucius.)EaWisive project nianageinent, and technical supervision 6%peri-
BlIce.
Founder of two profitable electrordes manufacturing firms. Served as Cidef Executive Officer for
eight years. Designed all of the finn's instrumentation products.
MAJOR ACUPMFLISHNIENTS, 1979-1991
Developed artificial neural network architectures and training algorithms. Applied these to
various problems in pattern recognition, optimization, and control. Published technical
papers and presented technical seminars on artificial neural networks for a number of
organizations.
Wrote two books, Neural Computing and NeuralSource. on artificiall neural networks, Pub-
lished by Van Nostrand Reinhold in 1989.
Developed analog and digital cireuitq and,@uh,,iysfi-rns for an antnmatir insmimipat used in
semiconductor manufacturing, Incinding signall arqiiisition and condlitionivig, eleciroine-
chanical,w,"o controllere, and software written in C for control and procesging of c Ilia.
Designed annutofocus system for a diffraction limited microscope. TAcluded inventing an
algorithm, (patent pending) designing a digital. signal procewing board, and develop* the
SGftWaM SyStOM to operate In a multi-proeLssor environment.
Designed a solid-state high resolution vi*dco camera for use in a 3einicooducLur hjbp@vtlull
system, including Adco, frequency, low level anallog slignal pructning circulb.
Nwigised a WgIA aipwd video signal conditioning and Image d1gitizer board with intertace to
u 40 Mqgubylt/sec parallel digital bus, Including a/d, d/&@ and analog signal process!
IL
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170 i001-9
Perforined architectural design of high speed digital signal processing circuit intended for
CNIO 8 i ntegra tion. Superv ised a group wh,lch designed and c onstructed TT L
prototype to evaluate the architecture, and implefflenfed-digital signal processing algoritluns
for V22bis modem.
Developed the architecture, circull, and system design ota high speed modem utill 'izing a
multiprocessor configuration, Produced a custom assembler, wrote programming instruc-
tions and assisted algorithm developers irk its use. Designed active filters and impleniented
sample and hold, a/d, and d1a, circults. Designed power supply including thermal design of
package. Superviqed printed eircui t layout, mechanics I packaging, and canducte d t es ts
ve'fYIng performance to sppclfleatlon@
Designed three now nuclear radiation measuring instruments and supervised their pAckag.
i
ing and production wgintering.
Conceived) designed clircul tso and supery ised hybrl d circuit packaging of a wrist wo en
digited heart rate roonitor. Thi's in-volvetl the design of two semi-custom Integrated circuits,
one bipolar and the other CMOS@ and coordination with the integrattil circuit produ4ers.
SUptr V11SVd WeClIAMICAl 4011gil *Bid PCf f0l'Alked production eligilleering leading to a suc-
Cearid Pruduct.
Designed hardware and algorithms fora 160MBPS, parallel-pipellned Imageprocessing
system, This included software simulation of processing algorlthms@ digital and@analog
circuit designo and integration with optical and mechanical systems.
Participated in the establishmexit of a Computer Science Major at the College of Notre
Dame. Recommended courses, evaluated instructors, and taught many of the coursd..
Selected software and installed a new administrative computing system for the College of
Notre Dame. Upgraded hardware, established procedures, trained personnel, and wrote
programs to integrate system for Finance, Admissions, Registration, and Graduate Offlice.
M RECE PROFESST EMPLO
Sgimp.QcApolicAtio Internationa Coroorati
1990 to Pre;enk
Nratinw. Mrmtar, Noursill Netwnrk Applications
Pluties.
Identify applications for artifical neural networks, develop solutions, mid implement ihem,
Am Research 11ar.L
1978 to Proe"t..
Position: Presid,mt
Duties:
Designed artificial Kieural jket%*urk aculditcutures and a1guriflum fur pattern rtcugnltlox@, optind-
zation, and coutivI. Cunipleted cliallenging, detailed, hardware and software design projects. This
included buth analog and digital circuits and systems. Designed software systems and algorithms,
from concept to coding and test. Markaged development projects, solved technical problems in
manufaCturing, developed and evaluated new product proposals, performed technical and Market-
ing studies.
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Coll DI Niita Dim Belmont CA
1983 to 1989 (part time)
Position.* Nogram, Director and Assistant Pmfessor, Computer Science.
Duties.- Teach Computer Science courses, participate in curriculum development, staffing, schedul-
ing. ProTide academic adrising for students.
Chapma Coll Sunnyvale CA
1987 to Pn=t (Fart Time)
Present Position: Lead Instivetor. Computer Science
Duties: Teach Computer Science courses, evaluate instructors, ass1qt in course planning.
C,01192 fif &LU D.= 061mont CA
1999 to 1996
PwItion., Director of A&n1alstrative Computing
Dutiest.
Establish and maintain the central computerized administrative computipg system, su@ervise
support personnel, provide training and documentation for the various offices.
IPATE NTS
The following U.S. patents have been issued in my nume.
# 4,924,098 Nuclear Radiation Level Detector
# 4,293,W Non-Linear Function Generator
# 4,476,348 Carbon Microphone Linearization
# 4,491,733 Radiation Ylux Measuring System
# 3,893,105 Integrating Type Analog-Vighal Converter
# 3,273,143 Digital-To-Analog Conyerter
# 3,149,Z82 Digital Voltmeter
# 3,368,149 Dual-Slope Digital Voltmeter
# 4,945,220 Autofocusing System for Microscope
Two Additiorwil patent applications have been filed and are pending in the U.S. Patent OfAce
RECENT PUBLICATIONS
Neural Network On-Line Machine Condition Monitoring Systems, Proceeding of the Confer Once on
Artificial Neural Networkq in Engineering. TJnivprqity of Wilwatirl-Rnilsi, Fngine* ,ring Mon.
agement.Department, IM.
On-Line Machine Condition Monitoring Using Neural Networks, Journal of the Acoustical Socliety of
America, Vol. M, No. 4, Pt.2, October 1991.
Neural Network On-Line Map-hina Condition Monitoring Systems, Society of ManufacturingEngi-
rmra, 1"01 Detroit AD.
Ilibration Signatum Analysis Using Artificial Neural Networks, EPRI 4th
Incipient Failure Detection Conference, 1990, Philadelphia rA.(With Sam Haddad and Ayaur
UAW).
Using Artalficial Neural Networks For Vibration Signature Analysis, Fruceedings of the A6ustlcal
$K'lety of America, Fall 1990
Vibration Sknature Analysis using Artificial Neural Networks, Proceedirip of the Second Workshop
ork Neural Networks* AcademictIndustriall/NASA Defense, Auburn ALO February 11-1 3, Wl.
Noural Computing, Theory and Practice, Book published by Van Nostrand Reinhold, Spring 1989
Pleural Source Annotated Bibliography, Book published 4y Van Nostrand Reinhold, Fall 1989
Experiments with a Combined Backpropagation/Cauchy Machine$ Journal of Neural Net Computing.
3
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Neural Networks, rut 1, IEEE Expert, Winter 1987 (With T. Schwartz)
Neural Networks, Nrt 20 IEEE Expert, Spring 19S$ (With T. Schwaro)
Experiments in Translating Cidnese Characten %ing Backpropagatkoi, rm. IEEE Comput@.r
Society Interoationall Confereoce, San Prancisco, Feb. 1987
Experiments with Et Combined Backpropagation/Cauchy Machine, International Neural Network
Society Conference, Boston, 1988
LECTURES PU.AE
ArtifidA Neural Networks in Engineering Conference, St LaukMO 1991 (Thyltm Paper)
Acoustic Society of America, Dallas TX, 1991 (Invited Paper)
010 Pknlld PMranvning Cirmup Mwing, Malibu CA, 101
Amencan Nuclear Society Conference, Jackson Role Wyaming, 1091
IlefeTise Nuclear Agency, Washington DC.
Avionics Labontory, Wright Niterson AFB, Dayton OWo.
CIVORD, Wm"ton DC.
Joint National Intdligonce DoyeJopment Service, Washington DC.
Electrical Power Research Institute, lWo Alto CA.
KatiorW lastsittAts of Health, Dethesda AID.
Federal Bureau of LiYestigation, Wasloington DC.
Military Swlift Cuaiiniaindo U.S. Naivy, Wwlilngton DC.
Santa Clam Univa%lty, Santit Clara, CA.
University of Calift-Wa, Santa Cruz CA,
A.I. Forum, Palo Aitoo CA.
,A.L SIG, Santa Clara, CA.
Special Interest Group, MachineLearining, Palo Alto, CA.
Also, seminars were presented to a number of industrial firms.
PRQFESS SOCIETIES
Senior Member, IEEE
Member, WER Computer Society
Member, ACM
Member. International Neural Network Society
Refem for the IEEE Computer Society Prer.4i
Upon Request
PURSON&L INFORMATION
SGFOIA3
4
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
UNIVERSITY OF Q*LdOOF,,915kgl4g~SZOiMELESCIA-RDP96-0078 -1003100170001-9
URKELEY DAVIS IRVINF LOS ANGELES RIVERSIDE* SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO 'o1SANTA BARBARA
(January, 1991)
LOUIS JOLYON WEST, N.D.
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL
SGFOIA3
EDUCATION
Marquette School, Madison, Wisconsin 1929-1934
Harvey School, Madison, Wisconsin 1934-1935
East High School, Madison, Wisconsin 1935-1941
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 1941-1942
State University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (Army Specialized
Training Program) 1943-1944
University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis,
Minnesota 1945-1948
DEGREES
B.S. University of Minnesota 1946
M.B. University of Minnesota 1948
M.D. University of Minnesota 1949
POSTGRADUATE TRAINING
Internship (Straight Medicine): University of Minnesota
Hospitals, Minneapolis 1948-1949
Residency in Psychiatry: Payne Whitney Clinic of the New
York Hospital (Cornell Medical Center), New York 1949-1952
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY AND
BIOBEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
UCLA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
760 WESTNVOOD PLAZA
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 9W24-1759
UCLA
SANTA 01ft
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Louis Jolyon West:7-, M.D.
Curriculum Vitae
OTHER. EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE
Personal psychoanalysis (candidate, Topeka Psychoanalytic
Institute) 1958-1962
Group relations training programs (Tavistock/A.K. Rice
Institute) 1965-1975
Fellow, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral
Sciences, Stanford, California 1966-1967
MILITARY SERVICE
Army of the United States (enlisted): 301st Infantry
Regiment, 94th Division;.other assignments 1942-1946
United States Air Force Medical Corps (Lieutenant to Major) 1948-1956
MEDICAL LICENSURES AND SPECIALTY CERTIFICATION
Licensed: Mirfnesota, 1948; New York, 1950;
California, 1951; Oklahoma, 1956
Diplomate: National Board of Medical Examiners, 1949
American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (Psychiatry), May 1954
UNIVERSITY APPOINTMENTS
Assistant in Psychiatry, Cornell University Medical
College, New York 1950-1952
Professor and Head, Department of Psychiatry, Neurology and
Behavioral Sciences, University of Oklahoma School
of Medicine, Oklahoma City 1954-1969
Professor of Psychiatry, UCLA School of Medicine 1969--
Chairman, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral
Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles 1969-1989
Director, UCLA.Neuropsychiatric Institute
1969-1989
HOSPITAL APPOINTMENTS
chief, Psychiatry Service, 3700th USAF Hospital,
Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas 1952-1956
Psychiatrist-in-Chief, University of Oklahoma Hospitals 1954-1969
Consultant in Psychiatry, Oklahoma City Veterans
Administration Hospital 1956-1969
2
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Louis Jolyon West@r M.D.
curriculum Vitae
HOSPITAL APPOINTMENTS (continued)
Chief, Mental Health Section, Oklahoma Medical Research
Foundation, Oklahoma City 1956-1969
Consultant in Psychiatry, United States Air Force Hospital,
Force Base, Oklahoma 1956-1966
Consultant in Psychiatry, Palo Alto Veterans Administration
Hospital 1966-1967
Psychiatrist-in-Chief, UCLA Medical Center 1969-1989
Attending Staff, UCLA Medical Center and UCLA Neuro-
psychiatric Institute 1969--
Consultant in Psychiatry, Veterans Administration Center
for Psycho-social Medicine at Brentwood, Los Angeles 1969--
Consultant in Psychiatry, Veterans Administration Hospital,
Sepulveda, California 1969--
Attending Staff, Harbor General Hospital, Torrance, California 197 1--
Medical Staff, Saint John's Hospital and Medical Center,
Santa Monica, California 1979--
HONORS
r
Alpha Omega Alpha - Honor Medical Society
Oklahoma Nominee,, "Ten Most outstanding Young Men in America,"
United States Junior Chamber of Commerce (1959)
Medical Ambassador of Good Will, Pan American Medical Association (1963)
Commencement Speaker, University of Oklahoma School of Nursing (1963)
Leadership Award, Association of the University of Oklahoma Medical
Faculty (1966) -0
Sommer Memorial Lecturer, Portland, Oregon (1968)
Certificate of Appreciation, Oklahoma City Council (1969)
Abreu Memorial Address, National Medical Student Research Forum,
Student AMA (1969)
Distinguished Professional Service Citation, Oklahoma State
Psychological Association (1969)
Certificate of Appreciation, Department of Health, Education and
Welfare, United States Public Health Service (1969)
Benjamin Rush Gold Medal Award, American Psychiatric Association (1973)
Certificate of Appreciation "For Outstanding Service," University of
Nebraska, School of Alcohol Studies (1973)
Commendation for Exceptional Service, United States Veterans
Administration (1974)
First Annual Dr. Gustav Bychowski Memorial Lecture, Mt. Sinai School of
Medicine, New York City (1974)
Knight of Mark Twain (1974)
3
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Louis Jolyon West-, M.D.
curriculum Vitae
HONOtS (continued)
"Louis Jolyon West House" (Facility for Oklahoma Center for Alcohol-Related
Studies, University of Oklahoma Medical Center, Oklahoma City,
dedicated 1974)
Certificate of Commendation, American Psychiatric Association (1976)
L.I.F.E. Group Award for outstanding Dedication to Humanity (1977)
Karolinska Institute Medal, Stockholm, Sweden (1978)
The H.B. Williams Memorial Travelling Professor of the Royal Australian
and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (1979)
Consultant Emeritus in Psychiatry, United States Army Medical Research and
Development Command (1979)
Honorary Fellow, American Association of Psychoanalytic Physicians, Inc.
(1980)
Walter C. Alvarez Memorial Award, The American Medical Writers Association
(1982)
Annual Award for Distinguished Professional Service in the Field of Mental
Health, The Group Psychotherapy Association of Southern California
(1983)
Special Award, gociety for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, "For
Advancing the Role of Hypnosis in Psychiatry and Medicine" (1986)
Vestermark Award, The American Psychiatric Association and the National
Institute of Mental Health (1987)
Outstanding Achievement Award, Southern California Psychiatric Society
(1988)
Marshal, Hippocratic oath Ceremony and Medical School Graduation, UCLA
(1989)
First Annual Thomas H. Holmes Memorial Lecture, University of Washington
(1989)
Philip R.A. May Award, Howard R. Davis Society for Knowledge Utilization
and Planned Change (1989)
Leo J. Ryan Award, National Cult Awareness Network (1989)
Founder's Award, Center for Research on Alcohol and Drug Abuse, University
of Oklahoma School of Medicine (1989)
Doctor of Humane Letters (hon. caus.), Hebrew Union College (1990)
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL-APPOIN ENTS
American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (Examiner)
Advisory Council, Behavioral Sciences Division, United States
Air Force office of Scientific Research
National Consultant in Psychiatry to the Surgeon General,
United States Air Force
Board of Directors, The Institute for Research in Hypnosis
Committee on Hypnosis, Council on Mental Health of the
American Medical Association
Professional Advisory Council, National Association for
Mental Health
4
1955-1975
1956-1958
1957-1962
1958-1966
1959-1962
1959-1964
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Louis Jolyon West-i M.D.
curriculum Vitae
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL APPOINTMENTS (continued)
Consultant, United States Information Agency	1960-1961
Executive Council, Committee on Behavioral Research	
(Advisory on Disaster Research to the Office of	
Emergency Planning), National Academy of Sciences -	
National Research Council	1961-1963
Consultant, United States Air Force Aero-Space Medical Center	1961-1966
Consultant, Peace Corps	1962-1963
Consultant, Bureau of Social Research, Inc.	1965-1968
National Advisory Mental Health Council, United States Public	
Health Service (National Institute of Mental Health)	1965-1969
Board of Scientific Advisors, Morton Prince Clinic for	
Hypnotherapy, The Institute for Research in Hypnosis,	
New York City	1965-1966
White House Conference on Civil Rights: "To Fulfill These	
Rights," Washington, D.C.	June, 1966
National Advisory Committee on Alcoholism to the Secretary,	
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare	1966-1968
National Adviso"ry Committee on Psychiatry, Neurology, and	
Psychology, United States Veterans Administration	1968-1973
Professional Services Subcommittee, 1968-1972	
1970-1972
Chairman,	
,
Anglo-American Conference on Drug-taking in-the Younger	
Generation, Ditchley Foundation, Oxfordshire,	
England	Spring, 1968
Member, First Public Policy Conference on Psychiatry,	
Brookings Institution .0	1970
National Committee for Effective Drug Abuse Legislation	1970-1972
Special Medical Advisory Group, United States Veterans	
Administration	1970-1974
Review Committee for Drug Abuse Training, National Institute	
of Mental Health	1972-1973
International Board of Directors, Kittay Scientific	
Foundation	1972-1977
American Professional Advisory Committee, Jerusalem Mental	
Health Center, Jerusalemr Israel	1971-1989
American Advisory Board, Jerusalem Mental Health Center,	
Israel	1972-1989
Residency Review Committee for Psychiatry and Neurology	
(Council on Medical Education, American Medical	
Association)	1973-1978
Ad Hoc Committee to Assess Conflicts of Interest Between	
Organizational Responsibilities of Physicians in	
Institutional Settings and Their Concern for Welfare	
of Individual Patients (National Academy of Sciences	
- National Institute of Medicine)	1973-1989
Israeli Center for Psychobiology, International Advisory	
Board	1974-1989
Approved For Release 2003/04/18: 9A-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Louis Jolyon West-, M.D.
Curriculum Vitae
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL APPOINTMENTS (continued)	
Consultant to the Surgeon General, United States Army	
Medical Research and Development Command	1974-1977
Member, United States Army Medical Research and Development	
Advisory Panel	1974-1979
Consultant, V.A. Health Care Committee, National Research	
Council, Division of Medical Sciences, Assembly of	
Life Sciences	1975-1976
Member, U.S. Honorary Board, International Association of	
Medicine and Biology	1979-1989
Member, Academic Psychiatry Consortium, Center for Advanced	
Study in the Behavioral Sciences	1982-1990
Medical Advisory Committee, The John Douglas French	
Foundation for Alzheimer's Disease	1983--
Committee on Polar Biomedical Research	1983--
Board of Advisors, American Family Foundation	1982--
Board of Scientific Advisors, Institute of Experimental	
Psychiatry	1985--
Advisory Board, National Depressive and Manic Depressive	
Association	1987--
Board of Directors, Caring for Children	1987--
EDITORIAL BOARDS
Advisory Editor, The International Journal of Clinical and	
Experimental Hypnosis	1958-1966
Advisory Editorial Board, Journal of Nervous and Mental	
Disease	1961-1966
Consulting Editor, Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality	1967-1984
Editorial Board, Journal of Existential Psychiatry	1970-1971
Editorial Board of Advisors, Psychiatric Annals
-	1971-1977
Psychiatry
Editorial Board, Directions irt	1976--
Advisory Editorial Board, Medical-Update	1978--
Editorial Board, Psychiatric Books	1979--
Editorial Board, A critical Guide to Psychiatric Literature	1979--
Advisory Board, Salk Letter to Parents	1982--
Editorial Board, Cultic Studies Journal	1984--
Editorial Board, Violence, Aggression, Terrorism	1985--
REGIONAL AND LOCAL APPOINTMENTS
Dean's Committee, Oklahoma City Veterans Administration
Hospital 1954-1969
Research Coordinator, Oklahoma Alcoholism Association 1956-1966
Executive Committee, Mayor's Committee on Human Relations,
Oklahoma City 1961-1962
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : qlA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Louis Jolyon West-, M.D.
Curriculum Vitae
REGIONAL AND LOCAL APPOINTMENTS (continued)
Oklahoma Mental Health Planning Council 1963-1965
Consultant, Oklahoma City Human Relations council 1963-1969
Board of Directors, Oklahoma City Council on Alcoholism 1964-1969
Governor's Committee on Alcoholism, State of Oklahoma 1964-1966
Professional Advisory Council, central State Community Mental
Health Center, Norman, Oklahoma 1966-1969
Board of Directors, Northeast Oklahoma City Community Mental
Health Center 1966-1969
Dean's Committee, Wadsworth Veterans Administration Medical
Center 1969-1989
Dean's Committee, Brentwood V.A. Medical Center (Chairman) 1969-1989
Board of Consultants, Rush Research Foundation 1969-1989
Dean's Committee, Sepulveda Veterans Administration Medical
Center	1970-1989
Committee of Psychiatry Consultants, Charles R. Drew	
Postgraduate Medical School, Los Angeles	1970-1989
Advisory Commit/tee, National Center for Drug Information,	
Research and Education, Mills College, Oakland,	
California	1970-1974
Mental Health Development Commission, Welfare Planning	
Council, Los Angeles	1971-1989
Research Advisory Committeel Gateways Hospital, Los Angeles	1971-1989
Professional Advisory Committee, Reiss-Davis Child Study	
Center	1973-1976
Board of Trustees, UCLA Foundation	1975--
Member, Finance and Administration Committee	1976-1980
Board of Directors, Alcoholism Council of California/NCA	1978--
Member, Central City Public Inebriate Advisory commission	1979--
Member, Development Panel, California Self-Help Center	1984--
Member, Ad Hoc Committee, California State Support of	
Psychiatric Research, West Coast College of	
Biological Psychiatry	1986--
Member, Board of Trustees, Imagination Workshop, Inc.	1986--
Member, Mental Health Committee, Commission on Cults and	
Missionaries, Jewish Federation Council of Greater	
Los Angeles	1989--
UCLA COMMITTEES
Board of Directors, University Hospital Chaplaincy
Service, Inc. 1970-1989
Vice President, 1972
Advisory Committee, Brain Research Institute 1975-1989
Endowment Committee, Brain Research Institute 1976-1989
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : 9A-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Louis Jolyon West', N.D.
Curriculum Vitae
UCLA COMMITTEES (continued)
Committee to Endow Great Teaching, School of Medicine
University Extension Committee, Academic Senate
Committee for a Public Medical Forum, School of Medicine
School of Medicine Faculty Development Committee
Representative to Intercampus Faculty Advisory Committee for
the Hutchins Center for the Study of Democratic
Institutions
Advisory Board, UCLA Archive of American Folk Medicine
Student Affairs Committee, School of Medicine
Subcommittee on Substance Abuse
NATI NAL AND INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS
Aerospace Medical Association*
Alpha Omega Alpha
American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists*
American Academyrof Political and Social Science*
American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law
American Academy of Psychoanalysis (Scientific Associate)
Committee on Education and Research, 1960-1965
Research Committee, 1970-1975
American Association for the Advancement of Science (Fellow)
American Association of Chairmen of Departments of Psychiatry*
1977-1989
1977-1978
1979-1989
1981-1989
1981-1989
1984--
1990--
councilor, 1969
Secretary-Treasurer, 1970
Committee on Liaison with the Veterans Administration, 1976
Ad Hoc Committee to Maintain Liaison with the ABPN, Inc., 1976
American College of Neuropsychopharmacology (Charter Fellow)*
Credentials Committee, 1973-1976
American College of Psychiatrists (Fellow)*
Chairman, Program Committeer San Diego, 1970
Bowis Award Committee, 1982
American Federation for clinical Research*
American Medical Association
American Orthopsychiatric Association*
American Polar Society*
American Psychiatric Association (Life Fellow)
Committee on Research, 1957-1960
Committee on Program, 1962-1968
Task Force on Drug Abuse in Youth, 1967-1969
Board of Trustees, 1968-1971
council on Research and Development, 1972-1977
Chairman, 1975-1977
Reference Committee, 1975-1977
Foundations Fund Prize Board of Research, 1981-1985
Task Force on Quality of Psychiatry Residency Training, 1983--
Task Force on Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders, 1986--
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : EIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Approved For Release 2003/04/18: CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Louis Jolyon West,, M.D.
Curriculum Vitae
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS (continued)
American Psychiatric Association (continued)
Task Force on Terrorism, Chairman, 1987-1988
American Psychological Association
American Psychopathological Association
American Psychosomatic Society
American Public Health Association
American Sociological Association*
Antarctican Society*
Association for Academic Psychiatry*
Association for the Psychophysiological Study of Sleep*
Member, organizing committee, First International Conference,
Bruges, Belgium, Junef 1971
Association of American Medical Colleges*
Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Diseases
National Academy of Religion and Mental Health (Founding Member)*
National Committee Against Mental Illness (Sponsoring Member)
International Society for Advancement of Humanistic Studies
in Gynebology (Honorary Member)
New York Academy of Sciences
Pan American Medical Association*
President, Section on clinical Hypnosis, 1962-1964
Council Member'and Diplomate, Section'on Psychiatry, 1962
Board of Advisory Vice Presidents, 1962
North American Co-Chairman, Section on Clinical Hypnosis, 1966-1968
Pavlovian Society
Second Vice President, 1973
First Vice President, 1974
President, 1975
sigma Xi
Society of Behavioral Medicine (Fellow)
Society of Biological Psychiatry (Senior Member)
Public Relations Committeef 1975
Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis*
Society for General Systems Research*
Society of Medical Consultants to the Armed Forces*
Society for Psychophysiological Research*
Southern Professors of Psychiatry*
President, 1963
World Medical Association*
*Inactive or prior member
Approved For Release 2003104118 @ CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Louis Jolyon West-, M.D.
Curriculum Vitae
REGIONAL AND LOCAL SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS
Central Neuropsychiatric Association
Dallas Southern Clinical Society (Honorary Member)
Mid-Continent Psychiatric Association
councilor, 1960-1962
North Pacific Society of Neurology and Psychiatry
(Honorary Fellow)
Oklahoma City Clinical society
Oklahoma County Medical Society
Medical Center Liaison Committee, 1959-1962
Oklahoma District Branch, American Psychiatric Association
(Fellow)
Committee on Medical Education, 1964-1969
Oklahoma Psychiatric Association
Oklahoma State Medical Association
Safety Committee, 1962-1964
Mental Health Committee, 1964-1966
Southern California District Branch, American Psychiatric
Associaelon (Fellow)
Southern California Society for Adolescent Psychiatry
(Honorary Member)
California State Medical,@Association
Los Angeles County Medical Society
Southern California Psychiatric Society
California Society for the Treatment of Alcoholism and other
Drug Dependencies
Mental Health Association of Los Angeles County
Southern California Society for Clinical Hypnosis
(Honorary Member)
BIOGRAPHICAL LISTINGS
American Men and Women of science
Biographical Directory, American Psychiatric Association
Dictionary of International Biography
Directory of Medical Specialists
Who's Who in America
Who's Who in American Science
World Leaders in Science
World Who's Who in Science
Who's Who in 'the West
Who's Who in 'Frontiers of science and Technology
1959-1969
1962
1956-1969
1962
1956-1969
1956-1969
1956-1969
1956-1969
1956-1969
1969--
1970
1971--
1971--
1974--
1974--
1976--
1986--
Approved For Release 2003/04/18LbCIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
RONAL.D YUKIO NAKASONE
Graduate neological Union
Institute of Buddhist Studies
1900 Addison Street
Berkeley, CA 94704
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:
Core. Doctoral Faculty, Graduate Theological Unionfinstitute of Buddhist Studies, Berkeley, CA,
July 1987 to present
Responsibilities: teaching Mahayana, Chinese and Japanese Buddhist philosophy,
Buddhist ethics, Buddhist and Japanese aesthetics, homiletics, practical ministry; research
and publications; thesis advising
Dean for Student Affairs, Institute of Buddhist Studies, 1987-present
Responsibilities: Student advising and counsellirig. Buddhist services and ritual,
planning special programs and lectures; curator of art exhibits
Minister, San Jose Buddhist Church, May 1983 to August 1986
Responsibilities: ritual, sermons, temple administration, counselling; visitations
etc.
Japanese Analyst with the U.S. Army Publication Review Unit, Silver Spring, MD, June 1981 -
April 1983.
Reviewed, translated and analyzed political, technical and economic publications
Lecturer, Dept. of East Asian Languages, University of HawaiL Jan. 1980 - June 1981
Responsibilities: teach first and second year Japanese (Jordan I and H); teach
calligraphy on a non-credit basis 0
Instructor, Japanese Conversation, Adult Education, Pearl City High School (part-time), Sept.
1979 - Dec. 1979).
Translator/Interpreter, Oscar Mayer Co., Madison, WI, 1977 (intermittently). Interpreting and
translating of Japanese to English and English to Japanese.
Teaching English as a Second Language, Kyoto, Japan, 1969-75.
Graphic Artist, Planning Dept., City & County of Honolulu, Hawaz 1968-69.
Prepared visual aids for public hearings; designed and coordinated the publication of
government publications; researched and requisitioned visual aid equipment, etc.
Illustrator, University of HawaiL Honolulu, HawaiL 1967-68.
Developed visual aid materials for Japanese language textbook.
CURRENT RESEARCH
Ethics: "Decisionmaking in context of Buddhist notions of interdependence and karma, and
its application in Japanese medicine," part of an attempt to develop a theory of
Buddhist approach to bioethics
Approved For Release 2003104/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Approved For Release 1003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9
Miness and Holiness: A Study of AIDS in an American Zen Community." To be
presented at the Medicine and Its Stories Conference, May 1992
Buddhist Studies:
An interpretative study of the Awakening of Faith based on Chinese and Japanese
sources
EDUCATION
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Ph.D., Buddhist Studies, 1980 (Ph.D. Minor in Philosophy)
Ryukoku University, Kyoto, Japan, M.A., Buddhist Studies, 1975
University of Hawaii-Manoa, MA., Oriental Art HistoTy, 1967
University of Hawaii-Manoa, BJL, Philosophy, 1965
Ordained Jodoshinshu Honganji Sect Buddhist Priest in 1993
PROFESSIONAL COMN=ES
Scholarship Committee, Graduate Tbeological Union, 1991-92
Internal Review Board, Science Application International Cooperation, Menlo Park, CA.
Internal review of cognitive science research projects funded by U.S. Government
involving human subjects. 1991-present.
UC-Berkeley Committee for the Protection of Human Sub ects, 1988-1991; internal review of
j
research prot9cols involving human subjects
Steering Committee for the Northern California Interfaith Network, 1989-present; sponsor
programs of common concern
ACADEMIC AWARDS:
Luce Grant, Graduate Tbeological Union, 1991-92.
Visiting Professor, Ryukoku University, 1990.
Visiting Scholar, Center for the Study of World Religions, Harvard University, 1986-87.
Fulbright-Hays Doctoral Dissertation Research Abroad Fellowship, 1978-79.
Visiting Scholar, Institute of Buddhist Culture, Ryukoku University, Kyoto, Japan, 1978-79.
Hawaii Tendai Fellowship, 1976 and 1977 academic years.
FLKSONAL
SGFOIA3
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO3100170001-9