PERSONAL 013SERVATIONS ON THE USE OF THE FOUR-STATE ELECTRONIC RANDOM STIMULUS GENERATOR The following notes are based solely upon my experience and I there- fore make no claim that they are generalizable to other persons. Since I am still learning about ESP phenomena, I am confident that additional work in this area will expand, modify, a nd refine the perceptual processes discussed below. While I have tried to describe these experiential processes with as much precision as possible, the use of seemingly precise language should not leave the impression that the perceptions themselves were equally precise. To the contrary, I found t)iese perceptions to be delicate, transient and epheineral-and yet, at the same tim--and somewhat stirprisi.ngly--unmist,.i.1c.,i.bly real. 1. Perceptual Processes Working with the ESP machine proved to be a venture ivto unfamiliar perceptual territory which functioned according to new and different rules. It took -some time (f ive hours or so with the ESP nr,3chine) to begin to learn not only which perceptual processes would work but, equally important which would not work. There was clearly a learning process in finding those delicate and subtle internal cues that wco@jld allow me to make perceptually based choices. After approximately 10.00 trials .,With the ESP machine, five dominant perceptual modes emerged. Subsequent Prepared by a policy research analyst at, SRI, who was Annromd -FgtR"4j8064/(kV#k%: (jWRP? d -)rq a hig4-scorlYYK s je. 0--WWRORWOODSOM2-2-an stilnulus gelierator. Approved For Release 2003/09/09 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0100090002-2 work with the machine seemed to essentially expand and refine these perceptual processes that emerged initially. Direct Knowing (Used approximatejy_,@ to 15 percent of the time)--This perceptual cue came as a "gift" that I did not have to,work for. This is not to say that this "cue" was always right, but when. there was a dir.ect, perception of the appropriate response unmediated by any of the other cues described below, my chances of being right seemed quite high (say 75 percent of the time), Internally, this was simply the feelingr that I -should push one specific button and the knowing was almost immediate. If it were not immediate then, typically, one of the other cues would be used. "Olosure Cues" (Used perhaps 75 percent of the time)--This cue manifested itself in a variety of ways; a sense of "fullness 11 with respect to a particular button, an internal anticipation of the bell ringing, a sense of "hardness" or "firmness" and a sense of being "locked into" the correct response,. The validity of this cue could be tested-by acting I and thinking as if I were going to push.a particular button and then noting the extent to which these Mclosure cues" became present. This sense of active intentionality--both physically and psychologically--, seems important in that It allowed me to sort out many real from imagined perceptions. Also, this cue often gave a kind of veto power; i.e., it did not necessar ily assure me as to the right answer but it would tend to tellPe if I had picked th,e wrong one, I would not experience the aforementioned cues. Pattern Recogaition (Negligible use initially, but then used Phase IV)--Although I used this perceptual mode very infrequently during the initial stages of the Approved For Release 2003/09/09 :. CIA-RDP96-00787ROO01 00090002-2 Approved For Release 2003/09/09 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0100090002-2 experiment, it emerged rather naturally toward the end. This was similar to the "d irect knowing" but not isolated to a single button; rather, there was a sense of the next two to three buttons that would be the correct responses, These perceptual cues were obtained in a less objective/ rational way and in more of a meditative state, highly concentrated but without Specific focus Oil a particular button. Interestingly, in using this perceptual process, I was able to go somewhat faster and have greater access to all of the buttons in an equiv., tlent way (see the s.econd point under Section 2 next page). Thus,, this mode had the advantage of loosening X habituated perceptual patterns but it also made selections less amenable to conscious control and testing. This process proved to be either highly accurate or highly inaccurate. Accuracy seemed to be a function of the degree to which I could become synchronized with the evolving pattern of machine selected choices-and it was easy to got out of phase/sequence witii this pattern. Rational (Used approximately 5 percent of the time) ---M. though I virtually never did try to superimpose some rationally predicted pattern upon the random., machine selection of buttons, I would sometimes temper iny selections (very seldom for the better) by noting that one button had come up too often for it to be likely on the next trial or, conversely, it had come up so seldom that it should be given special consideration as a likely possibility on the next tr ial. Again., although this was a tempting strategy, I found that random processes were not amenable to rational anticipations and ray rational guesses seemed often to be wrong. Tension/Vector Analysis (Usod approximately 75 percent of the time)-- Here the cue was manifested as a sense of tonsion(s) pulling in one direction or another with the selection buttons as the locus for that tension. The cue was also manifested as a feeling of emptiness and Approved For Release 2003/09/09 CIA-RDP96-00787RO60100090002-2 Approved For Releas.e 20D3/09/09: CIA-RDP,96-00787ROO0100090002-2 conversely as a sense of of fullness." To duscribe this process furifter, it felt analogous to vector analysis'in physics where, in sorting out competing tugs and pulls, one finds the I'dominant" vector; i.e.,, the one with the strongest "pull" or the one that best "balances" the other vector tensions., Figure A-1 illustrates this phenomenon. Although the tension/vector cues were very usef ul and among the most reliable of all the cues@ I found them to be at times-quite mis- leading. The source of confusion stemmed from the role of time as a variable rather than. a constant in extra sensory reality (discussed in more detail - under@section 11 Comments on Perceptual Processes"). If my a ssumptions as to the temporal nature of my perceptions did not fit with the actual nature of those perceptions. then the perceptions were quite misleading. (Recall that precognition refers here to a button that will be selected in the future--typically the next@trial). The nine-coll matrix shown in Figure,A-2 may clarify the complexity of the perceptual process@ the need for discriminating awareness and the possibility for error. Out'of nine possible combinations of the assumod/actual nature of perceptions, only three are matched or congruent and yield accurate understandings. Each of these primary cases is discussed below: * Clairvoyant--Here the feeling which allows sorting and selection is like that described in Figure A-1. * Precognitive--The feeling, sorting, and selection is like that described in Figure A-1 with clairvoyance; the primary difference being a shift in the time dimension to refer., not to the present target of the machine, but to the one to be selected next. To act on this perception I would press the pass button to bring the future into the present and then press the button that corresponded to my precognitive per- ceptions. Clairvoyant and Precognitive--The perception is of a pattern of buttons, distributed through time, that are and will be 0 selected by the machine--the ,'pattern" usually consisted of two to three buttons. Again, the time variable was most Approved For Release 2003/09/09: C'IA-RDP96-00787ROO0100090002-2 Approved For Release 2003/09/09 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0100090002-2 LIGHT PULLIU NBA LANCED STRONG PULL ORIBALANCE B C _\A LIGHT PULL/ D EMPTY A G U14BALANCED SA-2613-21 FIGURE A-1 ILLUSTRATION bF -fENSION/Vt-CTOR ANALYSIS IN OPERATION With Button C being the one selected using these cues. ACTUAL NATURE OF PERCEPTIONS ClairvoVant Clairvoyant Precognitive and PrecNnitive ClairvoVant Correct Misperception Misperception Perception ASSUMFD NATURE OF PERCFPTIONS Precognitive Misperception Correct Misperception Perception Clairvoyant Correct and Misperception Misperception Perception Precognitive FIGURE A-2 MATRIX SHOWING CORRECT. PERCEPTION AND MISPERCFPTION IN THE USE OF TENSIONNECTOR CUES VIA THE INTERFACE BETWEEN ASSUMED AND ACTUAL NATURE OF PERCEPTIONS Approved For Release 2003/09/09: CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0100090002-2 Approved For Release 2003/09/09 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0100090002-2 t)@oublesome-typically with greater difficulty in determining the order in which the buttons would appear as targets and lesser difficulty in determining which buttons were targets. 77 ,@'__--_Confusion and error would.arise when I assumed the tension/vector perceptions were clairvoyant when in fact they were (say) clairvoyant and.precognitive. To-explain. how,this felt, refer back to Figure A-1. If the-actual sequence of correct answers'were Butto,ns B and D? and if I-were assuming the perceptions were clairvoyant only, then it was not uncommon to have the perception that the intervening button (C) was the correct choice. The rationale for this perception was that it felt like a balance point between Buttons B (present target) and D (next target). In rotrospect, when I am more rationally aware of the room for error in the use of this cue mechaniqui, I airt SoMewhat surprised as to how useful it was in operation. It should be cl(_,ar from the preceding descriptio'ns that select .ions were made by a,varicty of processes and oftentimes in combination. A t7pical process was: (1) Check for "direct (2) Use "tension/vector" cues, then cues. which were used sometimes in isolation sequence in the selection luiowing" cues, if not there, then (3) Make final selection with "closure r-2. Comments on Perceotual Processes Rather than work rapidly, I chose to work.deliberately, consciously, and therefore slowly. I would typically take five to thirt y seconds to select a button-onough time to have a firm.and conscious sense of my internal cues and what I thought they meant. The typical sequence would be as follows: 0 Clear mind and become quiet 0 Concentrate internal awareness Approved For ReJease 2003/09/09 : ClA-RDP96-00787ROO0100090002-2 Approved For Release 2003/09/09 CIA-RDP96-00TB7ROO0100090002-2 Observe various cues Jtationally interact with cues to sort them out Select a button and press it ~ -Integrate feedback from response ~ Clear wiind and become-quiet. -Except during pattern recognition when all buttons seemed equally accessible., I.found that the top two buttons on the machine were much more accessible-than the bottom two. Three plausible explanations emerge to account for this. First (and least .1-ilrely-I think) is a psychological.j predisposition against the bottom two buttons--perhaps because of the .bolor of the buttons or because of the pictures associated with the tar- gets. Second is the possibility that the circuitry of the ESP machine in some way favors the top two buttons or o@,scures the bottom two. Third (and most plaur;ible to me) is the possibility that to the extent I used the "tens lon/v ec tor" cue, then the bottom two buttons would be without a vector below them--makii)g it more difficult to I'bracket" the bottom two buttons with this perceptual process. In later phases of the experiment, I was more able to access the bottom two buttons and this seemed to cor- respond with increasing use of the "pattern recognition" cues and the decreasing use of tension/vector cues. The longer I worked with the ESP machine, the_ more apparent it be- came that, in an extrasensory perception reality, time becomes fluid. III other words, although the experiment was designed -to test clairvoyance (selecting the current target) only, I found that the percOptUal cues Would oftentimes be equally applic"a-ble to precognition (selecting a future target--usually the n.ext one). Therefore, making a correct selection required doing two things; firstp finding the correct "pattern" of buttons that would be randomly selected by the machine (typically the pattern consisted of -two to three buttons) and second@ associati .ng a time component .. . ........ Approved For Release 2003/09/09 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0100090002-2 Approved For Release 2003/09/09 CIA-RDP96-007.87ROO0100090002-2 with the buttons in that pattern. Stated differently, the same cues discussed above held equally well for precognition or for clairvoyance- so the problem of making a selection was compounded by the additional difficulty of having to determine whether a perceptual cue was associated with the button that had already been selected by the machine or the button that would be selected in the next or even subsequent trial. I definitely felt that if I could consis-@&)fttly separate cl.airvoyant from precognitive dimensions of identical cues, that I could substantially increase the accuracy of overall scores. The cues were not always consistent in their presence and meaning. For cxample.@ I might be obtaining good results with the use of tension/ vector cues and then f ind them becominfr ambiguous., with a cowmr-nisurate decline in rjiy score. Then I would rely more heavily upon other cues. Or) the cues might work well for clairvoyant perceptions for a while but then shift -to operate for precognition--then I would-have to recalibrate" myself to the cue mechanisms. So, it was a fluid, dynamic perceptual process which required flexibility and patience. Highly significant scores and perceptions seemed to go in spurts of ton trials or so, then I would fall back to a chance level until I could resynchronize myself --- itb the machine and the character of my perceptual cues. Approved For Release 2003/09/09 CIA-.PDP96-00787ROO0100090002-2 v 0 003109109: Approved For Release 2 0002-2 iP96-00787ROO010009 I tend to agree with the notion that it might be more appropriate to call.1 these processes extraconceptual perception 0 rather than "extra- sons Iory perception." The perceptual cues were definitely present and they had- sensory dimensions- even though they do not fit into our traditional se InIsory categories. Just "where" and "how" these sonso .ry.cucs were present IF, not' CAear to mc--but these are essentially conceptual rather than, scilsory issues. 3. Problems in Perceptual Translation -b, A s@i cproblem in- using the ESP machine was not so much the obtaining of perceptual.data as the translating of those data into sufficient _71- inf ormation, to @, llow the octioxi of se'lecting the correct button. While the act itsoli is so simple as to be trivial.@ the information processes (gathering', filtering, dynamically translating) underlying that act seemed to me very substantial. It is within this unseen and unrecorded portion of the ESP testing process that most of the "action" takes place. From this vantage point I would like to" suggest two impediments that ril,ght partially account for relatively low scores. First) I am still -not f luerit in the "language" of extrasensory porceptions--analogously, it is like hearing many separate commands in Russian (or another unfamiliar language), each time spoken in slight ly different ways and with different intonations and inflections. The call for action may be clearly heard but the translation of that command into operational reality is an imprecise process until the language can be better understood. Second is the problc -m created by shif ting back ,and :rorth between rational and intuitive knowledge processes during the course of the experiment. In selecting a single button I would use intuitive knowlodge 0, A -00787ROO01 00090002-2 Approved For Release 2003/09/09 Cf -RDP96 Approved For Release 2003/09/09 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0100090002-2 processes: for'perception and oftentimes,, rational or semirational knowledge processes to interpret those perceptions. This is not to say that the rati6hal cbmponent is absolutely necessary, but it did seem to be useful for me. In any event, since the experiment covers thousands of trials (button selections) it required thousands of translations from one knowledge mode to another. Although the rational mode did seem helpful for inter- pretation, it was also "costly" (i.e., by shifting to a rational mode, I could be thrown slightly off-balance in maintaining contact with the subtle and delicate intuitive processes--thereby introducing'an additional element of ambiguity and error). Related to the problem of differential knowledge processes is the problem of having to translate between states of consciousness in order to act upon extrasensory perceptions. LeShan* analyzed the expe@riefitial properties of what. he has termed Clairvoyant Reality and found that while certain events (such as telepathy, precognition, and clairvoyance) are normal" to this reality, certain other events (such as being able to take- directed action toward a goal) are "paranormal." For me this was manifested experientially as the feeling that when I obtain extrasensory perceptions, I am so much a part of, and immersed in. the Clairvoyant Reality that in order to act,, I must causally separate myself from the Clairvoyant Reality and enter the dualistic, subject/object Reality that LeShan terms "Sensory Reality." Encouragingly, the' "pattern recognition" process seemed to offer a means of both perception and action, which did Dot require the same degree of transfer between these subtly different states of con- sciousness.. L,awrence LeShan, The Medium, The Mystic and the Physicist (Viking Press, New York,, 1974). Approved For Release 2003/09/09 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0100090602-2 Approved For Release 2003/09/09 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0100090002-2 Tho--preceding-points suggest that one difficulty in testing and assessing extrasen'Sory perception may be the apparent need to translate It into -..axi .-output -,that is not-isomorphic with the perceptions themselves-- EL person must translate the perceptual "language" to a familiar form, across rational and intuitive dimensions, and relatedly, from one state of awareness to another. 1.9 it possible, .then, that our means for tQsting @,SP way not be highly congruent with the nature of the phenomenon., and this rRay inhercntly reduce the significance of the test results that call be obtained? 4. Two Views of the ESP Process I Fat.spect that, to an external observer., my work with the ESP machine inight appear as fairly consistent scoring slightly above chance--the logical inference could then. be made that it small. amount of extrasensory perception was mixed with a substantial amount of pure guessing. * While the scoring data may support this inference, my awareness of the input process does not. Consider,the following: oil the first run, a person could get 9j.x "hits" out of twenty-five by pushing buttons at random;. then on the second run., lie could got six "hits" out of twenty-five by using extrasensory perception. To the statistician who looks only at the output, the scores are identical--they are no more than would occur by chaace-- and the logical inference would be that the input processes were identical or at least very similar. However alike they might appear externally, Internally they could feel like quite different runs. In the second illStancej the chance level of scoring would be the result of an imporfect but operative extrasensory perception process. Obviou sly, then, measure- Went of ESP by statistical output alone obscures the nature and extent of the extrasensory input. A relatively modest score on the ESP machine can--1 think--substantially understate the araount of learning and perceptual ApprovedFo'r Rdlease 2003/09/09 CIA-IRDP96-00787ROO0100090002-2 Approved For Release 2003/09/09 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0100090002-2 .@!@yelopment that actually occurs. The @orcgoing is consistent with my Impression that my scores, though statistically significant, still did not reflect the actual.amount of learning that had occurred. ....... . .... Approved For Release 2003/09/09 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0100090002-2 Approved For Release 2003/09/09 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0100090002-2 5. Supportive Mind Set There emerged, after a time, what see med to be a series of pre- conditions to' good performance 'in terms -of mind set. These were: * A high level of motivation seemed essential. The task of pushingone of four buttons over thousands of trials could be rather boring--enough to allow one',s, attention to wander. With each trial, it was necessary to have a high level of motivation to ensure adequate levels of concentration and focused attention. * Although motivation, concentration, and attention were important, it was also necessary not to be too concerned with -the success or failure associated with each selection. If I became "attached" to the outcome of a previous tria'l., whether a success or a failure, it could divert a sig ,nif icant amount of attention from the present trial. Therefore. each trial must be separit(-~/fresli/clear/uiicon(litioned by the actual success or failure of previous trials and separate from -the imagined successes or failures of upcoming -tri.als. A relatively stable, undisturbed emotional state also seems important. I noticed the most substantial. fluctuation in ray scores whe.n I was emotionally stressed (angry, hassled, and so on). Feeling rested physically also seemed important. This was particularly true if I were to work with the machine for an hour or two--aS this required a substantial amount of energy. 0 A positive attitude--a feeling that I could do well and could always score at least at the chance level--was also important. A corollary to this was that I found I did better when I it always liked myself" even if I did poorly. Self-deprecation. seemed to be a sure way of rapidly diminishing the accuracy of the perceptual processes. 6. The Environment 71)ere were attributes of the surrounding environment that seemed to enhance the accuracy of my selections. The more significant factors seemed to be the following: Approved For Release 2003/09/09 : CIA7RDP96-00787ROO0100090002-2 Approved For Release 2003/09/09 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0100090002-2 it was helpful to have a relatively quiet working environ-, merit. Or.@ if there were noises, to have them of a sort-- --that fairly constant ones that remained in the background could be readily filtered out of my cons c iousness My -impression was that cxte@rnal scnsory in f ormat io n --particularly Sounds--could readily overload/override subtle and delicate Anterrial sensory information. It also seemed to help to have low light levels---I would always turn Out the overhead light,s in the testing room. I experimented with closingr my eyes to further reduce external sensory stimulation and I found that this would increase the sensitivity of sensory cues, but this increase in sensitivity was offset by a lack of visually based feedback to verify the accuracy of the selections. As a consequence, I chose to keep my eyes open. I :found it essential to work with the ESP machine by sitting somewhat above it so that I could look down on the face of th(_ mach-Lue. For some reason, perceptual discrimination seemed much more difficult when I would sit at a lower level which placed the but-tons in a plaiie more neariy horizontal to my Jace and upper body. 7.Transferability of Processes The perceptual learning gained in this experiment seemed generally transferable to other situations where I mit-lit use ESP abilities, in particular, telepathy, precognition, and clairvoyance. The inference is that a process or faculty is being developed which has numerous, appli- ckions in other situations which would rely upon ESP. Analogously., just as jogging could exercise muscles to make a person more adept at playing football, dancing, swi-mr1ling, and the like, the use and development of those Tt psychic" muscles seems to have some dogree of transference to other situations. q Approved For Release 2003/09/09 CIA-RDP96-007'87ROO0100090002-2 Approved For Release 2003/09/09 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0100090002-2 Conclusions I f ound the experiment to be a very substantial learning experience ill whichy I feel) I -learned much more than was reflectod in the scores. It allowed me in to identify an ability which I presume was lal-gely to beg latent within-never having had a prior opportunity for overt expression. Filially., it suggests to me that this must be a common ability among many people 'that they simply do not recognize-primarily because they have never had the opportunity to explore it as a legitimate and "real" phenomenon.