.-69 70-79 ApprDvWf4w4WWavOL24=Mtt4mpGl*-R DP9&0~aNPAOW04cMW2atio-aijournai f rage o Parapsychology, 1959 (Sum), I 111, 64-78. 2 refs. -The aim of 70. Progoff, Ira. The role of parapsychologythe present essay is to examine In modern more closely than has hitherto lies thinking. International journal of been possible certain curious aspects Parapsychology, 1959 of the table-tipping and ind (Sum), I it), 5-18. 16 refs.-Discussesplanchette seances which were conducted" why 'a holistic depth at night in Borley 938 psychology contains the means not Rectory. The seance statements are only with which para- given and the authors try to ) in psychology can grow as a science verify them. Their findings demonstrate but with which it can play an 'how seance messages 1gle exceedingly creative role on modern regarding matters known to sitters thinking." Depth can be influenced by sugges- mt. psychology teaches "that the knowledgetion ... It is of great interest which the deep psyche that the answers they obtained con- Itio derives from its contact with the firmed their beliefs in every particular, cosmos is transmitted in sym- despite the fact that the bolic form." In dealing IhIkItementsstories had no foundation in truth."-DT of mediums and sen- : i n O lve 5. Amadou, Robert. The situation sitives we must dis s not to take of para the messages cip re- literally. 'On the other hand does psychological activity in France. not mean at all that the (In French) International an d ies journal of Parapsychology, 1959 h (Sum), I III, 79-88.-A con- t material coming through t, cep psyche in the form of se- cise account, with bibliographic gs is' citations, of recent para- spiritualistic readings is 'not ut psychologicar in the sense n Ot b r, .13 sychological activity in France. so References are made to in of being derived from perso aterial, conflicts, complexes, ' te tc~ societies, periodicals, and books, pposi e-v ten such material is derivedThe book section comprises ft etc,Qfa fte o -cy t translations, proceedings of international r congresses, and fro mpe sonal dep ere the psyche reaches out h lep Ue beyond ~l and contacts ways it does original works in French. Particular i not know truths it paragraphs are devoted to doe n literature on important questions, P, such as unorthodox healing, Her rapsychology and holistic depth )c- Catholicism and parapsychology, etc. - DA '01 m, ps o1o%arc moving u ommon ground. Their researches YC 76. Kline, Milton V. Soviet and )A Tne i, Western trends in h%lp- CO., p1, ach Dther. T 'one investigates. the processes and . -hich nosis research. International journal m of Parapsycholo f 'c gy, xperiences and represents his rela- sy bolis %ilh Pe r~ ~ 7 tic 1959 (Sum), 1 (1), 89-105. 5 refs.-Surveys . trends in Russian ,, n to t s. The o r can use this information to fulfill .an !Y, thepropheti - icaningof 'name and hypnosis research as reflected in uncover ways of perceiv- a series of six papers published name in the transactions of the I.P. b'y' Pavlov Institute of Physiology ing truth t are t beyond the ordinaryin sensory a- channels."- 1956. Also discusses current Western research, with emphasis ~Ic 71. Hu Fra 's. The miraculous Virginon studies of the nature of hypnosis of itself as a psychological :n- Guadalupe. rnati I journal of Parapsychology,phenomenon. He deals with hypnotic 1959 alterations of con- .n- (Sum), 1 (1). 19 18 r -Provides a sciousness and age regression. - history of the Virgin of R.A.W. n- 77. Nash, Carroll B. The unorthodox au science of para- Guadalupe, the xica quivalent of Lourdes. Discusses the lic Mira Aes associ the shrine and theirpsychology. International journal symbolic of Parapsychology, 1959 .x_ meaning. - R.A. (Aut), 112), 5-23. 37 refs. - General overview of the scientific ap- --d 72. Omez, inald. The Catholic Churchproach to studying parapsychology and through classifying spon- parapsychology. rench.) Internationaltaneous psi experiences and tests journal of of ESP, including precogni- to Parapsychology, I um), 1 (1), 32-46-Totion. Emphasizes experimental evidence the Catholic for ESP and responds [d Church, a miracle is enomenon directlyto specific criticisms. Reviews produced by God, the characteristics of psi as 'y, and one which can be created by any revealed by experiments. Discusses being, even one the implications of psi for a superior to man. Con tly, before reli acknowledging the reali- gion. philosophy, and medicine and the r)n9qih!c iracic C! 'ipi-ii'd[1011, ", Psi. Li,~L:ns thc S191111lualli.:C of been produced by n cause. In view establishment of the nonphysical of this, the Church nature of mind to Darwins ry looks toward the re es of parapsychology,theory of evolution and Freud's which are discovery of the n- directed toward a nat xplanation unconscious. - R.A.W. of extraordinary happen- ,X. ings the natural caus ich are not 78. Lansing, Gerrit. Psychic elements yet well known. of poetic er While the parapsy t remains within creativity. International journal his scientific do- of Parapsychology, 1959 ty main, without exclu tPossibility (Aut), 1 (2), 24-38. 14 refs.- Parapsychologists Of a miracle, which is can profit from outside his compete ,tCatholic Church,the study of the process of poetic far from con- creation, more than any other to demning him, approv fh ork and utilizesform of literary creation. This his conclusions. is because the poet while compos- 91 Even Pope Benedict ha tilized the ing is often drawn out of him -- findings of science or herself in a state of poetic )t when he established ria fhe recognitiontrance. There is a connection, moreover, of true miracles, between writing required for the can ation he beatified.poetry and casting magic spells. Today, the Con- The poet has no choice-but to gregation of Rituals ws the me principles.cultivate the unconscious and poets have been pioneers in ex- At Lourdes, the Bu Of Me al Findings,ploring "the peculiar relationship composed solely between the conscious ego Ig of physicians, is entr d with ttudy,and the unconscious levels of the under the most rigor- psyche." The level of emotion J, ous scientific control, the realit that is touched in poetic creation f cures and of the impossi- is also associated with spon- .1c bility to explain the ientificall taneous psi and prophecy. Some instances hese natural inquiries are are cited of the possi- !d necessary before cc iastical aority ble transmission by ESP of images, may recognize a symbols, and in one case, an miracle. Since 1858, 55 have b n entire poem, between poets working thus recognized. separately. Less impor- The Catholic Chur ncourages i clergytantly, the study of poetry may to undertake the also benefit parapsychology by ey study of parapsycholo or to publis providing documentation of the historical oks and articles on the occurrence of types I- subject, as it seeks to ablish increaof a. - R.A.W. gly higher criteria that ts will screen out false acles. In rec !2~jgag~ Samoa: Societv without years, the Church re- mazic. I- jected a certain numb f false miraclelnte~~ournal ot Parapsychology, , regardless of the pub- 1959 JAutl, 1 (2), ;s- licity which these had eived in the 39-50.- 9-re- fs. - Magic is practically press and public. It appre- nonexistent on Samoa, as are le ciates the work of scie ts who make spontaneous psi experiences, despite it possible to define more widespread belief in clearly the frontier separate what magical principles. Administered is truly from what is standard ESP and PK tests to falsely marvelous. - Samoan subjects with only chance results in spite of their great 73. Nicol, J. F r. The statistical interest and enthusiasm in the experiments. controversy in The single outstan- h quantitative resea International ding psychic or pseudo-psychic phenomenon journal of Para- common in Samoa 's psychology, 1959 (S 1 ill,, 47-63. is mai aitu or 'spirit sickness," 12 refs.-Discusses the which apparently involves criticisms of probability theory possession. Compares the culture as applied to parapsychological and environment of Samoa experiments as set forth by G. Spencerwith that of the Australian aborigines Brown. Examines some and New Zealand Maoris, it traditional ESP experiments to see who provide evidence of both spontaneous if target peculiarities may and experimental it have accounted for some of the results.psi. Concludes that among native The implications for peoples, magic arises only repeatability in parapsychology experimentswhere it is a cultural or environmental are necessity, that is, where discussed. - R.A.W. there is a considerable uncertainty in daily activities, in the 74. Hall, Trevor H. and Hall, Kathrynstruggle to survive, and in relation E. An Appraisal to other people. Magic is 8 Approved For Release 2000/08/11 CIA-RDP96-00792ROO0400100010-2 Approved For Release 2000/08/11 A nnZ -FZDR9G 80-86 resorted to in an attempt to influence the environment of the run and a CR of 47. "Evidently the Welsh boys have introduced course of events only where there is considerable doubt as to us to a whole new psychic world, if their results are free of the outcome. Changes underway in Samoan society are describ- fraud, and much of this review must be concerned with this ed which may eventually be psi-conducive. - R.A.W. mamaip, 80. Ehrenwald, ]an. "Non-Euclidian" models of per- sonality. International journal of Parapsychology, 1959 (Aut), 1 (2), 51-68. 17 refs. -Several attempts have been made to provide a theoretical framework capable of accomodating psi phenomena but few have taken into consideration the main source of the epistemological difficulties involved in the con- troversial observations on human' personality. Ehrenwald focuses on various hypothetical models of personality structure and on the corresponding world-views or modes of experience which, it is assumed, are isomorphic with or attuned to these variegated world-views or experimental modes. He constructs various psychological models of personality without claiming anything like empirical reality or even probability of their ex -Euclidian' models of personali- istence, thus calling them 'non ty. View A considers personality as a closed system. B conceives of personality as nonexistent as in the Zen doctrine of ~Ino-mind." C sees personality as a supra-individual, collective organism. With C, psi would be viewed as an intro-psychic coma munication. Theorizes about temporal anomalies such as precognition and retrocognition as well as spatial anomalies such as telepathy. Psi need not be simply a vestigial remnant of the past but could be a viable function pointing toward the future. - R.A.W. 81. dsmond, Humphry. A call for imaginative theory. International journal of Parapsychology, 1959 (Aut), 1 (2), 69-83. 12 refs.-Thoughts on parapszikology stimulated by reading th Ciba %ndation , mposu i Extrasensory Percep Sy tion (Little i). lnscie~ce 1h elhod of investigation cannot be'dii 11 , ~, I"ifnvestigated, and this wh~ method depends large one's theo __ical assumptions. Most science starts with dwork , tilf classification, then hypotheses tested by exp en "ion that the scientific ts Tlff'no sensation or to the method is applicable ont the w d of measurable is based onl the ievements of science to date, not on any fundamenta n cration of the possibihtic6 inherent in the scientific met e tend to forget that the direction a science takes is depe on the questions it asks. if we would have new knowledge, ust have-new questions... Are we asking the right t* quesi parapsychology? Para- [)y ues I psychology is hindered b ex piricism, one of the oy ~r xe greatest deterrents to its gew ral Due to their failure to wrestle with theory, every e t io f parapsychologis s in reasing ail, earlier work. seems doomed to repeat, Overpreoccupation with fraud deceptio lows many parw psychologists to fall into one o e pitfalls o ience-common sense. This must be avoided, f by its very n re science con- sists of uncommon sense. Par ychologists a ouchy enough about their own work, but ar ot always too thoughtful of the gifted people they investigat si may be more akin to artistic inspiration than to radio tr mission. If so, the investigator should discover the conditio ost conducive to creative effort and adapt his methods to th If sensitives prove difficult for parapsychologists to wor ith, parapsychologists should become sensitives thcmsel Perhaps the time has come for them to forsake exclusive Q piricism and, like the physicists, unleash their imaginations. A.W. 82. Van de Castle, Ro rt L. A review of ESP tests car- ried out in the classroo International journal of Para- psychology, 1959 JAut), 1 84-102. 18 refs -Reviews studies of ESP in the classroom, iding them ig three broad ex- perimental programs: the I les of Van Busshbach, the studies of Anderson and White, miscellaneous studies which at- tempted to repeat or mod the research reported in the first two. Summarizes what h - een learned from the experiments as a whole, indicates their ortcomings, and discusses promis- ing leads f?r future resea - R.A.W. 83. Birge, IKKayrno T. Telepathy experiments in Wales. In terna tionalJo I of Parapsychology, 1960 (Win), 2 (1), 5-23.-Analysis of ESP experiments with the Jones boys reported by S.G. Soal and H.T. Bowden in The Mind Readers (Doubleday, 1960). Summarizes many of the sessions in possibility." Describes sessions in which the boys were caught cheating as well as some of the opportunities for fraud that had been set forth since the experiments were conducted, such as 1h supersonic whistle. Calls for renewed testing in e use 01 which th --- % 'S' ' t.- eb ff''ties arejuled o R.A.W. TIF u ,riip~s 84. C, C.T.K. , ychological studies and I i t e rhaot u r;, 1,ndia. - .'i.. Journal of Para- p: Win),2 1 2736.14 r,fs- Reviews academic 0 syc ( investigations ~~a r aip sy ogy in India. "Parapsychology in India today, ts cjfso~g rigid standards, may yet bring about 1,ong-inee' ref rin all Indian science even as it con- tinues p on ek-ridoen h India with new discoveries in the Qr tences." Phenomena mentioned are newest of he bjQvior. vior .. ~;, ;t -vio ws poltergeists, tat., ing, reincarnation, premature 'S PI: burial, and E P a P: criments. - R.A.W. 85~. It Houston. Religious aspects of CIr~, spiritualism. Int analJournal of Parapsychology, 1960 (Win), 2 (1), 37-46. 1r.-Spiritualism is seen to be a religion though, like all . ns, with an admixture of magical elements. More tha t religions, it expresses the death urge, the need for security ssurimce, comfort, and passivity. Part ly beca "th alistic believer is conscious of his u,"c of thi, isolated in-group pos" shows high defensiveness. On the other hand, the typ I scientific investigator tends to maintain an opposi namely that such phenomena as telepathy, clairvoya ation, and contact with the spirit world could not pos t. These facts make it difficult for the resca h t eutral, objective attitude toward 'c' any foi m ipsy phenomena, and the facts are lish. A ligions serve many functions. most One approach is th f the stu L uf religion whose first task is to establish the fa Because he complication of the faith commitment of t %investigat long with that of the in- vestigated, all dat ociated wit iated wit eligion in any form tend to be hard to esta With the data associated with the Sp;rltu, lislic religi . I . a - the difficulty of the investigator's task becomes doubly 1pounded. :These considerations must be kept in mind as Ie pursue .1 and evaluate. parapsycological research. - DA: A- .'Arnad ob 86 0u ert. uperstition in the Sancerrois. (In French) Inte tionali"rnal of Parapsychology,' 1960 (Wini, 2 (1), 47-8 1. Parapsychology and Superstition. By 11 we superstition" we an here the survival, in our "civilized" modern- W est ~~ On. f beliefs and ora tices belonging to an -c archaic cultural scture. Although the numbe.r.,o.f cases of superstition repor in urban areas is quite high-higher than many think-they re much more freque -nt in the 'country, where they exist i rer.form and are more closely linked with community life.. on - h t ast,to p enomena of -parapsychol- ogy-ESP PK "etc hich are subject to observallon and con- trol, pr~ciices' of erstition are diffictAito observe "in their natural this study, and the one on Southern Italy undertaken by Fr ssors Servadio and de Martina. We chose the Sancerrois dis ct because it was an agricultural region and because important spadework had already been done in study ing superstitious practices there. In what follows, individual points are illustrated by numerous detailed case-histories. 11. "Healers." a. Les Rebouteux (Bonesetters). Many bonesetters achieve remarkable results in using:. rational experimental methods. But these successes are of no special significance to parapsychology. b. Les persigneux (Faith-healers who use prayer and the sign of the crossf. These are by far the most numerous and the most interesting group of "healers" in the area in ques- tion. Three of the best-known Persigneux, described in some detail, are shown to have traits in common. In general, they treat all kinds of human and animal sicknesses, without any clear distinction between those that are "natural" and those in- duced by sorcery or witchcraft. c. Urban-type faith-healers. These have of late penetrated the countryside and look askance at the primitive" techniques of the traditional rural healers. Many of them use magnetism and radio-electric detection. They claim to be able to cure most diseases except cancer and tuber- which 701 runs si;;. tion s- *PP?VMvPb1nRM%ii&TW0/08ft~