0Q~L 15 Approved For Release 2000/2!fj i~;PyRDP96-00788 ROO 1 80021tbOl -0 %ram %WIXOM 1~ PSYCHOENERGETICS RESEARCH (U) SG1J DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY DIRECTORATE FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE 7 August 1984 CLASSIFIED BY: DIA/DT-5A DECLASSIFY ON: OADR DISSEMINATION AND EXTRACTION OF INFORMATION CONTROLLED BY ORIGINATOR NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS WARNING NOTICE - SENSITIVE INTELLIGENCE SOURCES AND METHODS INVOLVED Approved For Release 2 nni#"nA%jj~"npp6-OO788ROO1 800210001 -0 ftf L. Nwo 1% a. I Approved For ReleaseUf"L/AS 6lrFlItF()6-OO788 ROO 1800210001 -0 CONTENTS (U) LISTOF ILLUSTRATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V . . . . . . LISTOF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V . . . . . I INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . II THE SCIENCE OF PSYCHOENERGETICS . . . . . . . . . . 5 . . . . . III SHORT HISTORY OF PSI RESEARCH . . . . . . . . . . . 17 . . . . . IV THREE-YEAR PROGRAM RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 . . . . . . V COMPARISONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 . . . . . VI PRESENT PROGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 . . . . . VII INTELLIGENCE . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . 31 . . . . . . VIIIINTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 . . . . . . A. Unique Need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 . . . . . B. Integration of R&D and Intelligence . . . . . . 37 . . . . . C. In-House Operational Unit . . . . . . . . . . . 42 . . . . . IX THE FUTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 . . . . . . Appendices A--REMOTE SENSING EVALUATION . . . . . . . . . . . 47 . . . . . . B--PSYCHOENERGETIC APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . 51 . . . . . iii UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Approved For Release 20bNat-AIS-MM00788RO01 800210001 -0 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK roved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 iv UNCLASSIFIED Approved For ReleaseLML/AS(qHqE1D6-00788R001 800210001 -0 ILLUSTRATIONS (U) SG1A SG1A 1 Penetration Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 Examples of Successful Operational Remote Viewing . . . . . . 34 3 Summary Evaluation Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 6 Remote Viewer's Pasteup/Drawing of . . . . 41 TABLES (U) A-1 Training Descriptor Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 B-1 Psychoenergetics Applications (Informational) . . . . . . . . 53 B-2 Psychoenergetics Applications (Energetic) . . . . . . . . . . 55 v UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Approved For Release 20(U?M.A13-q OD788ROO1800210001-0 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Vi UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 i Approved For Release 20::,," I w.,w j%4VTmur-v6-OO788 ROO 1800210001 -0 I INTRODUCTION (U) (S/NF) The Grill Flame Program was established at SRI International in 1980 to develop procedures that would apply psi (ESP) abilities to intelligence problems. The most studied phenomenon in this program, remote viewing (RV), seeks to gather data pertaining to a remote site without having to visit that site. There were three phases of development in researching this phenomenon: ~ Phase 1--Reliability Improvement ~ Phase II--Authentication ~ Phase III--In-House Capability. (U) Phase I was a three-year research program aimed at improving the reliability of remote-viewing data. A two-part approach was taken to this problem. First, a training program was developed in which the remote- viewing task is subdivided into six stages and presented sequentially to the student. At each stage the viewer's contact with a site is increased. Initially, the data are acquired when the viewer receives a burst of information upon presentation of the target stimulus. This stimulus could be a map coordinate, a photograph, or a variety of other stimuli. The initial burst of information may include only gross geographical data. A typical response might be water, mountains, or a city. The viewer is trained to process this information and report it--free of any analytical processing. These data are, therefore, largely descriptive. (U) In the latter stages of training, finer detail and analytical data are added by the viewer to his/her descriptions. When training is completed, the viewer can provide a variety of data about a site. This burst-of-information concept is nothing new in parapsychology; descriptions of this phenomenon can be found in Mind to Mind by Warcollier and in Mental Radio by Upton Sinclair. The SRI contribution to this concept was to train people to become aware of this format for data acquisition and, I E fl~ Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Approved For Release 2000/0WOUR -wKW&P96-00788RO01 800210001 -0 (U) more important, to learn to refrain from filling in gaps in the information with personal experience or imagination. (C/NF) The second part of the research program sought to improve remote-viewing data by examining specific aspects of th4~ remote-viewing process. Some of the areas examined were (1) selection of the best can- didates for training, (2) experimentation with various forms of targeting (coordinates, abstract, beacon), (3) the use of audio apalysis, and (4) investigation into the effects of geophysical variables.such as geomagnetic and ELF activity. The results of these investigations and other aspects of the phenomenon are summarized in year-end project reports for FYs 1981, 1982, and 1983. (SINF) Phase II consists of the authentication and verification of the data derived by remote viewing. After three years researching remote viewing and its training, it was decided that an additional year would be taken to conduct a series of remote-viewing sessions with trainees and with controls. These data would show whether or not subjects could be trained to do remote viewing, and whether or not remote viewing could be applied in gathering useful information. If a strong p6sitive relation- ship existed, the program would proceed to the next pha$e. (SINF) In Phase III efforts, we would establish an in-house DoD remote- viewing capability, apply it to intelligence needs, and'then evaluate the data over a two-year period. During Phase III, research would continue at a variety of laboratories in order to refine, explain, and improve the usability of psi phenomena. It is the intent of this program to establish and maintain an in-house DoD capability for remote viewing that would provide the intelligence analyst with yet one more so urde of information. It would be one more tool, not an end in itself. The contributions to this program would be continually evaluated in the same manner as other sources of intelligence, and its continuance or abolishment would be based on its own merit. Its unique characteristic would be the ability to collect data from sources that are inaccessible to other data-c6llection systems (see Figure 1). This would include describing the inside of buildings and underground installations, locating individuals, finding weapon systems, 2 OW 0" IM Sir roved For Release 2000/08/08 CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Approved ForReleasUNCAASSIR- E&-00788ROO1800210001-0 OFF-LIMITS AREA "".' _'.O'~ ORDER COUNTRY BORDER:::"'* PHOTINT UNCLASSIFIED RADAR TARGET 14 HUMINT ELINT FIGURE 1 ENETRATION STRATEGIES (U) P UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Q r^,' MdP Approved For Release 2000/0 Uo_UU788RO01 800210001 -0 (S/NF) and so forth. The potential applications of this phenomenon to intelli- gence goals and missions are apparent. (SINF) In addition to remote viewing, psychokinesis (PK) and counter- measures have been investigated on a small scale. Again, results of studies in these areas may be found in end-of-year project task reports for FYs 1981, 1982, and 1983. Lack of funding has precluded extensive work in these, as well as other areas of potential DoD interest.. In future pro- grams, investigating additional topics and placing contracts with additional laboratories will.be emphasized. (U) Invariably, the following questions arise when parapsychology is mentioned: (1) Is it a fake or a fraud? (2) Is it a trick or is it a real phenomenon? (3) Are the practioners magicians, charlatans, or entertainers? The next section of this report seeks to establish that, while some of these elements are present in the field, the work at SRI is carried out with all the rigors and disciplines applied to any scientific investigation. (U) At various times, estimates of the reliability of remote-viewing data have been made. The figures are usually expressed as percent accuracy or reliability, but there is no standard method for calculating these percentages. For instance, if we say that remote-viewing data are 70 percent reliable, do we mean that 70 percent of the timO we get data that are 100 percent accurate, or do we mean that 70 percent,of the time we get some accurate data, or do we mean that, on the average, 70 percent of the data are correct? The possibilities are almost endless. Confusion on these points is not surprising when widely-diverging estimates or claims with regard to remote-viewing reliability are encountered. (U) As we are now ending our authentication and verification year, it is imperative that we establish a single method for calculating and reporting the reliability of data gathered by remote viewing. The pitfalls in doing this are numerous. The most apparent difficulty is that the data are reported subjectively and verbally, and then must b6 expressed mathe- matically. To solve these problems and to standardize teporting, a system to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of remote viewing has been developed and is in current use. A description of the technique is given in Appendix A. 4 ,P irg" n i" 9r fto roved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Approved For ReleasEU?Wt/ .*SSIlftED6-00788ROO1800210001-0 II THE SCIENCE OF PSYCHOENERGETICS (U) (U) For any field of knowledge to be considered a science, those involved in the field must adhere to some very rigorous guidelines. In the hierarchy of science, physics would be considered as the purest science; the other physical sciences would follow, then biology and medicine. Psychology and the other social sciences would follow these. Psycho- energetics has its place somewhere between psychology and the other social sciences. It has not been reduced to mathematics and there is no physical model, but psychoenergetics does have many characteristics that are common to all science. (U) The first of these characteristics is replication. If an area of endeavor is to be considered a science, experiments must be replicable. When the results obtained in one laboratory cannot be obtained under the same experimental conditions in other laboratories, the work will be neglected and will be considered to fall outside the parameters of science. Thework in psychoenergetics at SRI has been replicated by several labora- tories: ~ Remote Viewing (ESP) - Princeton University, Princeton, NJ - Institute for Parapsychology, Durham, NC - Mundelein College, Chicago, IL - University of California at Davis, CA ~ Remote Action (psychokinesis) - Princeton University, Princeton, NJ - Mind Science Foundation, San Antonio, TX - Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY - Psychophysical Research Laboratory, Princeton, NJ - Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY - Bell Laboratories, Columbus, OH. 5 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Approved For Release 20UN4R.A13Sffff90788R001 800210001 -0 (U) These are all bonafide scientific research and development institutes. In all, there have been 28 formal published replications of the remote- viewing work at SRI. Obviously, this phenomenon is not an invention of SRI; it has been duplicated on a number of occasions. (U) In the past, the work in psychoenergetics was done by investi- gators with little or no training in science, and in a Manner that would be totally unacceptable to any scientific researcher. The history of this field is tainted by the laxity of controls and checks that must accompany scientific experimentation. In its early days, it could be best considered entertainment. Even then, however, there were some serious investigators. Sir William Crookes, Fellow of the British Royal Society, was one of the more notable. In addition, some order was brought to the field by J. B. Rhine of Duke University. He began imposing the scientific method, and he analyzed his results statistically. In the same manner:, SRI brought the remote-vieiwng phenomenon into the laboratory and scrutinized it, while applying all the conditions that any other science would receive. To the surprise of many, the psychoenergetic phenomenon withstood the test. Then, as with any science, the investigators continued to pursue their research and, when published, other laboratories confirmed the SRI findings. (U) Another indicator of the "quality" of science is where the work is being published. Two of the most extensive psi publications have been in the IEEE Journal. They are entitled, "A Perceptual Channel for Infor- mation Transfer Over Kilometer Distances: Historical Perspective and Recent Research," by Harold E. Puthoff, Senior Research Engineer, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA (March 1976) and "The Persistent Paradox of Psychic Phenomena: An Engineering Perspective," by Robert G. Jahn, Dean of Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ (February 1982). In addition, articles have been published in Nature and in the Proceedings of the AAAS Symposia (American Association for the Advancement of Science), as well as in various parapsychological journals. (U) Previously, none of the work could have passed the strict require- ments of the journals named. SRI was instrumental in elevating the field to a level where it has gained acceptance by major scientific journals. 6 UNCLASSIFIED roved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Approved For ReleascUNM*SS1f PPD6-00788RO01 800210001 -0 (U) The number and the caliber of institutes performing the work is also an indication of its nature. Exhibits I through 4 list some of the major scientific laboratories that are involved in carrying on the research in the United States,, in other free-world countries, in the Warsaw Pact countries, and in China. These representative lists are included to emphasize the fact that we are not dealing with a phenomenon that the researchers at SRI have invented. It is a phenomenon that is being investigated on a large scale--both in this country and throughout the world. The SRI effort, which seeks to apply psychoenergetic processes to meet DoD requirements, is thus seen to be only a miniscule part of a worldwide effort. Exhibit 1 REPRESENTATIVE U.S. RESEARCH INSTITUTES INVOLVED IN PSYCHOENERGETIC RESEARCH (U) ~ SRI INTERNATIONAL, MENLO PARK, CA ~ McDONNELL DOUGLAS ASTRONAUTICS COMPANY, HUNTINGTON BEACH, CA ~ BELL LABORATORIES, COLUMBUS, OH ~ AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR PSYCHICAL RESEARCH, NEW YORK, NY ~ FOUNDATION FOR RESEARCH ON THE NATURE OF MAN (FRNM), DURHAM, NC ~ MIND SCIENCE FOUNDATION, SAN ANTONIO, TX ~ PSYCHOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LABORATORIES, PRINCETON, NJ UNCLASSIFIED 7 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Approved For Release NOMA A-S&SUMID0788RO01 800210001 -0 Exhibit 2 REPRESENTATIVE INSTITUTES INVOLVED IN PSYCHOENERGETIC RESEARCH (U) FREE WORLD COUNTRIES (EXCLUSIVE OF THE U.S.) ~ ENGLAND - CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY, CAMBRIDGE - UNIVERSITY OF LONDON, BIRKBECK COLLEGEI, LONDON ~ ICELAND - UNIVERSITY OF ICELAND, REYKJAVIK ~ INDIA - ANDHRA UNIVERSITY, VISAKHAPATNAM ~ THE NETHERLANDS - UNIVERSITY OF UTRECHT, UTRECHT - UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM, AMSTERDAM ~ SCOTLAND - UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, EDINBURGH ~ WEST GERMANY - INSTITUTE FOR GRENZGEBIETE DER PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOHYGIENE, UNIVERSITY OF FREIBORG, FREIBURG UNCLASSIFIED 8 UNCLASSIFIED roved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Approved For Releasq-ML/AS !qff4E06-00788R001 800210001 -0 Exhibit 3 REPRESENTATIVE INSTITUTES INVOLVED IN PSYCHOENERGETIC RESEARCH (U) THE WARSAW PACT COUNTRIES 9 USSR - INSTITUTE OF PROBLEMS OF INFORMATION TRANSMISSION OPPO, Moscow - INSTITUTE FOR RADICIENGINEERING AND ELECTRONICS (IRE), MOSCOW BIOELECTRONICS SECTION, A. S. POPOV SOCIETY, MOSCOW 9 HUNGARY - CENTRAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR PHYSICS, BUDAPEST BULGARIA - INSTITUTE OF SUGGESTOLOGY, SOPHIA POLAND - POLISH CYBERNETIC ASSOCIATION ROMANIA - CENTER FOR HYGIENE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, TIMISOARA CZECHOSLOVAKIA - DISTRICT INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH, KUTNA HORA UNCLASSIFIED 9 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Approved For Release 20(V?M-AS-9WM0D788 ROO 1800210001 -0 Exhibit 4 REPRESENTATIVE INSTITUTES INVOLVED IN PSYCHOENERGETIC RESEARCH (U) CHINA ~ INSTITUTEOF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, BEIJING ~ INSTITUTEOF SPACEMEDICO-ENGINEERING,. BEIJING ~ "NATURE" JOURNAL ("ZIRAN ZAZHI"), SHANGHAI UNCLASSIFIED (U) In universities throughout the United States,.there is growing evidence that psychoenergetics is an acceptable field of study. Purdue University has recently awarded a Ph.D. degree to a candidate whose thesis was entitled "Affective Assessment in a Psi Task." Other universities granting degrees in or having courses in psychoenergetics are shown in Exhibit 5. University laboratories doing psychoenerget'!I-c R&D are shown in Exhibits 6 and 7. These are all major universities and:they are scattered throughout the United States. In every instance, the effort is allied with a science--psychology and physics being the most common. (U) Its inclusion by the AAAS is further evidence;that the study of psychoenergetics is gaining acceptance as a science. T~e issue of whether parapsychology is or is not a science was hotly debated!by the members of the AAAS in 1969; the result was the admission of the Parapsychological Association as an affiliated organization. The acceptance by this austere group of scientists from every conceivable scientific field lends great credence to the claim that parapsychology is, in fact, a science. (U) Next, we should review the credentials of the investigators. The researchers at SRI and their field of endeavor are phown in Exhibit 8. As can be seen, science is a key element in the researchers' background. The researchers have been trained in disciplines that prescribe a way of 10 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Approved For ReleaseUWkjAS5W4Ej)6-00788R001 800210001 -0 Exhibit 5 UNIVERSITIES INVOLVED IN COURSES, RESEARCH, OR DEGREES IN PARAPSYCHOLOGY (U) UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE DREXEL UNIVERSITY DUKE UNIVERSITY EASTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY HARVARD UNIVERSITY JOHN F. KENNEDY UNIVERSITY KENT STATE UNIVERSITY METROPOLITAN STATE COLLEGE MUNDELEIN COLLEGE NEWARK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH PRINCETON UNIVERSITY UNCLASSIFIED (U) attacking a problem, a method of solving the problem, and ways of reviewing results. It is the discipline that their minds have assumed over years of scientific investigation, which ensures that parapsychology will be investigated in the same manner as other sciences are investigated. (U) Finally, the ongoing psychoenergetics program at SRI has recently been reviewed by a panel of renowned scientists (see Exhibit 9). Much of what they reported will be covered later in this publication. At this time, we wish to include one quote taken from the publication they prepared regarding their findings on the SRI psychoenergetic research; it bears directly on the question of whether or not psychoenergetics should be considered a science. "The lack of a physical model should not be taken to preclude the existence of the capability to view remote locations." 11 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Approved For Release 20(UfM.A1SJ3 OD788ROO1800210001-0 Exhibit 6 REPRESENTATIVE U.S. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES INVOLVED IN PSYCHOENERGETIC RESEARCH. (U) ~ PRINCETON UNIVERSITY, PRINCETON, NJ ~ CITY COLLEGE OF NEW YORK (DEPT. OF PSYCHOLOGY), NEW YORK, NY ~ ST. JOHN'S UNIVERSITY (DEPT. OF PSYCHOLOGY), JAMAICA, NY ~ SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY (COMMUNICATIONS STUDIES I-Ab), SYRACUSE, NY ~ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS (DEPT. OF PSYCHQLOGY), DAVIS, CA ~ UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA (SCHOOL OF MEDICINE DEPT. OF PSYCHIATRY), CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 0 WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY (DEPT. OF PHYSICS), ST. LOYIS, MO UNCLASSIFIED 12 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Approved For Release 2000108108 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Exhibit 7 UNIVERSITIES INVOLVED IN COURSES, RESEARCH, OR DEGREES IN PARAPSYCHOLOGY (U) (concluded) z > m PURDUE UNIVERSITY ST. JOHN'S UNIVERSITY ST. JOSEPH'S UNIVERSITY STANFORD UNIVERSITY SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS UNCLASSIFIED UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SANTA BARBARA UNIVERSITY OF OREGON UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA YALE UNIVERSITY > m Approved For Release 2000/08/08 CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Approved For Release 2&JNCd&A6S"DoO788ROO1800210001-0 Exhibit 8 CREDENTIALS OF KEY SRI PERSONNEL (U) DEGREE QELD HAROLD E. PUTHOFF PhD ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EDWIN MAY PhD PHYSICS C. MICHAEL H. HECKER PhD SPEECH AND HEARING SCIENCES KRISTIEN E. MORTELMANS PhD MICROBIOLOGY' ROY P. ASLER PhD PHYSICS B MARILYN F. WILLIAMS MS MATHEMATICS MARSHAL L C. PEASE MA PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY BEVERLY S. HUMPHREY BA ANTHROPOLOGY MARTHA J. THOMSON BA LANGUAGES UNC LASS IF I Pn 14 UNCLASSIFIED 0 (D 0 X (D (D m Q Q Q Q 00 1~ Q 00 0 0 6 Q 4 00 00 C) C) 00 C) C) Q Q Q 7L C) z (I ll~ > Exhibit 9 0 (D 0 (;Do (D SCIENCE PANEL (U) NAME PROF. FRED ZACHARIASON DR. W. ROSS ADEY DR. DONALD M. KERR, DIRECTOR ORGANIZATION CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PASADENA, CA VETERANS ADMINISTRATION HOSPITAL LOMA LINDA, CA LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY LOS ALAMOS, NM FIELD PHYSICS NEUROPHYSIOLOGY PHYSICS UNCLASSIFIED c: z R 6 Q -4 00 00 X C) C) 00 C) C) Q Q Q 7L C) Approved For Release 20(UPM-AS-9 J)D788 ROO 1800210001 -0 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 16 UNCLASSIFIED 1800210001-0 twir-41-ft n 1" 9r Approved For Release 6-00788ROO1800210001-0 III SHORT HISTORY OF PSI RESEARCH (U) (SINF) Fundin 'g for DoD/Intelligence research in psychoenergetics at SRI prior to FY 1981 is shown in Exhibit 10. Two things become immediately obvious--there have been a variety of organizations involved, and the amount of funding has been sparse. Over the nine years, a total of $1,488,000 was spent. This is an average of a little over $166,000 per year. (S/NF) The CIA was the first organization to fund research. Their program established that ~ Geographical features can be ascertained with remote viewing. ~ Descriptive aspects of a site are better described than analytical aspects. ~ Operationally-useful information can be obtained. ~ Coordinate and beacon remote viewing can be successful. ~ Standard medical/physiological/psychologicaI screening is not useful. (S/NF) In 1975, Navelex supported a $74K program which established that physiological correlates to remote viewing exist, but they are weak statistically. From 1976 to 1979, the Air Force supported research that demonstrated ~ Remote viewing can be used to monitor real-time activities. ~ Accuracy and resolution are not a function of distance. ~ Spatial resolution is accurate down to millimeters. ~ Electrical shielding does not block remote viewing. (S/NF) MIA was the next organization to enter the research. They supported work that verified that interaction with sensitive electronic equipment can result in significant perturbations from expected behavior. 17 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Approved For Release 20001uu,;zC ~ ~ qM-nqVvt16-OO788 ROO 1800210001 -0 Exhibit 10 SG1B BUDGET DATE ORGANIZATION THOUSANDS OF $ 1972 TO 1975 CIA $ 195 1975 TO 1976 NAVELEX 74 1976 TO 1979 FTD, WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB 300 1977 TO 1980 MIA, REDSTONE ARSENAL 281 1978 TO 1980 AMSAA, ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND 230 1978 TO 1980 DIA 228 1979 TO 1980 105 1979 TO 1980 ARMY 75 SECRET (S/NF) In AMSAA's program, from 1978 to 1980, it.was proven that site descriptions are of higher quality than location-pinpointing or tracking information. SG1B SG113 INSCOM sent six individuals to SRI to be trained as 18 (S/NF) The DIA was the next agency to contract work in psychoenergetics at SRI. Their program: ~ Developed techniques to increase reliability by minimizing noise ~ Produced operational examples that were of high quality ~ Developed a reliability improvement program. In those same years, te viewers. Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 (S/NF) In May of 1980, a proposal was made to colhsolidate the DoD effort into a joint service contract. The intent was -,to provide SRI with a single set of projects, enough money, and the time needed to advance the science to a point where it could be applied to solving intelligence Approved For Release 2000/6'" WDkIkEDN P96-00788 ROO 1800210001-0 (S/NF) problems. While this was not done in as grand a fashion as hoped, the funding did improve: ~ FY 1981 - $418.5K ~ FY 1982 - $518K ~ FY 1983 - $439K The total of the proposed three-year program was to develop the remote- viewing phenomenon to a point where it could be used to collect intelli- gence. This goal was achieved. A summary of application-oriented skills developed at the present time is given in Appendix B, along with possible applications for the future. (U) The authentication and verification stage is currently in progress and is proceeding on schedule. 19 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Approved For Release 20djJNCt-A1S-&"M00788RO01 800210001 -0 20 UNCLASSIFIED 1800210001-0 - - - -an -W - - Approved For Release 200V1WK3JQ, nZWTITUF 96-00788RO01 800210001 -0 IV THREE-YEAR PROGRAM RESULTS (U) (SINF) During the three-year Grill Flame Program (FYs 1981, 1982, and 1983), the following areas were investigated: ~ RV Training and Enhancement ~ Audio Analysis ~ Countermeasures ~ Search ~ Targeting Intelligence Analysis. A number of reports were written and an impressive list of briefings were given. These are shown in Exhibits 11 through 14. The key findings were ~ Remote viewing is a real phenomenon and is not degraded by distance or shielding. ~ Remote-viewing ability can be improved by appropriate training procedures. ~ Remote viewing has potential for United States intelligence applications. At this stage of development, however, descriptive content (e.g., sketches, configu- rations) is more reliable than analytic content (e.g., function, complex technical data). ~ A potential threat to U.S. national security exists from foreign achievements in psychoenergetics. In the USSR and in China, this research is well funded and receives high-level government backing. (S/NF) Achievements of the Grill Flame Project include (1) the development of remote-viewing training methods, (2) the development of statistical methods for evaluating remote-viewing data, and (3) the com- pilation of an extensive data base on foreign psychoenergetics research. Methods for improving the reliability of remote-viewing data through detailed understanding of the remote-viewing process and through identi- fication of techniques for isolating valid from spurious data were also achieved. Training techniques that show promise for enhancing the re- liability of the analytical content of remote-viewing data were also identified. 21 OW IF, A*" 1% 1"_~ 1%16 1 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Approved For Release 20tM4R.A13SME)D788R001 800210001 -0 Exhibit 11 GRILL FLAME REPORTS (U) TYPE NUMBER ~ PROJECT REPORTS 11 ~ ADMINISTRATIVE AND SUMMARY REPORTS 12 ~ INTELLIGENCE REPORTS 3 ~ QUARTERLY AND OPERATIONS REPORTS 4 ~ OTHER 3 TOTAL 33 UNCLASSIFIED 22 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 0 < (D 0 (D (D m Q CD CD Q 00 CD c0 SECRET Exhibit 12 > 0 < (D -n 0 (D (D m CD 6 CD 4 00 00 CD -A co CD CD m -A C) C) Cl 73, C) 0 -n 0 X Q Q Q Q 00 Q 00 0 0 6 Q 4 00 00 X Q Q -L 00 Q Q C) C) C) 7% C) Exhibit 13 BRIEFINGS: FY 1982 (U) DATE 15 JANUARY 1982 18 JANUARY 1982 28 APRIL 1982 19 OCTOBER 1982 OFFICE UNDERSECRETARY OF THE ARMY DEPUTY DIRECTOR, NSA DEPUTY DIRECTOR, NSA PERSON HON. J. AMBROSE 20 OCTOBER 1982 SCIENCE ADVISOR TO THE PRESIDENT DR. G. KEYWORTH 10 NOVEMBER 1982 ARMY SURGEON GENERAL GEN. G. RAPMUND 22 NOVEMBER 1982 DIRECTOR, MIA MR. R. CLINTON SECRET C) C) C) C) T- C*4 C) a co c0 co a a 1 U) 0 LL > 0- CL CL tq I!q!LIX3 Lr) CN C) IL C) C) Q T" C*4 Q C) co C) C) w c0 co r.- C) C) (L co C) c0 Q C) C) C) C*4 a) U) m 77D 0 LL > 0 L- CL CL Approved For Release 20jJ$4GLA1SiVM[DO788 ROO 1800210001-0 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 26 UNCLASSIFIED roved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Approved For Release 20CZ""" -~DP96-00788RO01800210001-0 !~ W%V§%Wlr V COMPARiSONS (U) (S/NF) Because the Army had an in-house operational remote-viewing capability at the outset of the Grill Flame Program, and DIA did not, the two organizations pursued different but compatible goals. The Army's goal was to improve the quality of data obtained from operational remote- viewing sessions. To accomplish this, they expended a great effort on training. They also looked at various ways to separate the good data from the bad. For instance, research on audio analysis was conducted to de- termine if speech characteristics could differentiate good from bad data. (S/NF) The DIA supported research on developing and refining the training program, as well as projects on countermeasures to remote viewing. In addition, a series of psychoenergetic threat assessments were prepared. (SINF) Another interesting comparison is the approach being taken to remote viewing at SRI and at INSCOM. At SRI, the percipient is seated at a table in a relaxed but highly-alert state. No special techniques are used to prepare the percipient; the session begins in a conversational mode with the monitor posing the task. At INSCOM, the percipient is suppine on a bed. He/she then achieves a state of deep relaxation aided by the use of audio relaxation tapes. The data are also gathered in a different manner by the two groups. At SRI, the data are gathered in an alert state, where the percipient is interacting with the monitor in a conversational mode, and is rendering sketches and drawings throughout the session. The INSCOM viewer, however, stays in the deep relaxation state, describing his/her input occasionally, and taking instructions from the monitor at prescribed intervals. Sketchings and drawings are done at the end of the session, and the INSCOM viewer then reverses the relaxation procedure to return to an alert state. There is no need for the SRI viewer to do this because he/she never leaves their normal alert state. 27 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Approved For Release 20004a-AS-1 IDD788 ROO 1800210001 -0 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 28 UNCLASSIFIED roved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 --inicAnimic-7- Approved For Release 209974MUFF3MIMP96-00788 ROO 1800210001-0 VI PRESENT PROGRAM (U) (S/NF) The following tasks are currently under investigation at SRI: ~ Remote Viewing Enhancement (training) ~ Targeting ~ Data Base Management ~ Remote Viewing Evaluation ~ Selection and Screening ~ Psychokinesis ~ Extremely Low Frequency ~ Search ~ Intelligence Complete data for this fiscal year are not yet available. Preliminary data, however, indicate that the following capabilities will exist. (C/NF) Selection and Screening--It will be possible to correlate a series of viewers' performances with predic- tions of their performance made by the selection and screening procedure. A positive correlation would confirm that the selection and screening may be used to designate those most suitable for training as remote viewers. Until now, very subjective judgements were used to select candi- dates. An experimentally proven procedure should result in shortening the training time and in producing higher quality data. (SINF) RV Training--During the past year, two training programs have been underway. At the end of the year, it will be shown that viewer performance improves with time, and that the results from those receiving training greatly exceed the results from those who serve as controls. It also will be demonstrated, with examples, that the quality of the trainees' work is much higher at the completion of training than when he/she began--whereas the controls will show little difference. It is hoped that we will have data on real intelligence targets to demonstrate the applicability to operational problems. The two training systems under development at SRI are in no way competing with each other. At the conclusion of the year, both will be exploited for their most successful parts, and a system that incorporates and integrates their best features will be established. 29 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Approved For Release 2000/G,;;P.g~"%".imi"%-KLIP-96-00788 ROO 1800210001-0 (C/NF) Targeting--By the end of the fiscal year, it will be shown that a target can be acquired using coordinates, beacons, and photographs, as well as other forms of targeting. In addition, a methodology for approaching a search task will also have been developed and tested. A search task is the reverse of the standard remote viewing procedure. In the standard procedure, the location is known and what is at the location is not known. In search, the viewer knows what he/she is looking for, but not its location. (C/NF) Evaluation--A standard, but simple method for evaluating remote-viewing data will be complete by the end of the year. In addition, a presentation format and a data-base management system will be complete. (S/NF) Psychokinesis--In this task, several issues involving PK are being studied. First, claims of large-scale PK effects in China and in the United Kingdom will be examined, and replication will be attempted. Next, SRI will determine if intuitive data selection can account for the effects seen in random-number generator experiments. Experiments will also be conducted to see if biological systems are susceptible to PK. (C/NF) Extremely Low Frequency--This task is directed toward determining whether correlations exist between high-quality RV and the occurence of certain geophysical conditions, such as EM-storm, solar-flare, and lightning-stroke activities. 30 roved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Approved For Release 96-00788R001 800210001 -0 VII INTELLIGENCE (U) (C/NF) Research into psychoenergetics is currently underway in the Soviet Union, China, and many other communist and free-world countries. The research is of a multidisciplinary nature and encompasses the social sciences, as well as the biological and physical sciences. Representative fields include, for example, psychology, neurophysiology, and theoretical physics. (S/NF) Most recent surveys indicate that there are an estimated 450 investigators/scientists who have been performing at least part-time research in approximately 200 facilities (including universities, technical societies, and research institutes) in the Soviet Union. Serious research has been ongoing for about 25 years and has been cyclic in nature according to the vagaries of ideological criticism and acceptance. The scope of this psychoenergetics effort includes both the information (i.e., ESP, remote viewing, and the like), and the energetic (i.e., psychokinesis) aspects of the phenomena. While no single primary area of Soviet investigation can be identified categorically, there is evidence of a strong interest in applying remote-sensing capabilities (ESP/remote viewing phenomena) to the problem of accessing secure data, transmitting information (long distance communication), and locating lost or hidden material or people. Other principal areas of investigation include the examination of psycho- kinetic influence on physical devices and on biological systems. These include interference with sensitive electronic devices, deformation of material samples, influence of growth rates of plants, influence of chemical reactions, and influence of psychological and physiological states of people. (S/NF) Most of the extant data place the Soviet research effort in a theoretical or phenomenological perspective; the applications-oriented research, however, is no doubt primarily responsible for having elicited the backing and support of the MOD, KGB, and certain high-level officials in the Communist Party, reportedly at the Council of Ministers level. 31 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 t* r &-- Approved For Release 2000/00FMOW'q~ 96-00788RO01 800210001 -0 (SINF) Beginning in the early 1970s, considerable attention has been given to psychoenergetics research by several Soviet review com- missions. The net effect of these reviews has been to create a new, integrated psychoenergetics approach, which, when coupled with military support and high-level Party sanction, should provide an environment for significantly enhancing the status of psychoenergetics research in the USSR. This will most likely have a significant impact on potential achieve- ments and will facilitate the development of novel intelligence and warfare applications. 32 roved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Pr&"nr Approved For Release 20uutei~ -a,,:-jLv-t-:j4-KLjP96-OO788 ROO 1800210001 -0 VIII INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY (U) A. (U) Unique Need (S/NF) Some of the intelligence community's potential uses for remote viewing are: ~ Descriptions of remote geographic areas ~ Descriptions of building interiors ~ Locations of weapons ~ Locations of personnel ~ Tracking movements ~ Access to classified files. It should be noted that within the DoD, the intelligence community is the prime user of data gathered by remote viewing. Because intelligence must be gathered surrepitiously and requires access to forbidden and guarded places, remote viewing provides an excellent, and sometimes the only, means of getting the desired information. On a number of occasions, it has been suggested that "other" elements of the DoD or of the Government "Should" be the ones to support psi research. For the most part this is true. There are numerous facets of psi that need to be investigated and are clearly not of interest nor potentially useful to the DoD. Remote viewing and some aspects of PK are exceptions; however, their development is of particular interest to the intelligence community and hence deserves and requires continued intelligence support. (C/NF) The following three examples of successful operational remote viewings are shown to illustrate the potential that remote viewing has, and to demonstrate that valuable intelligence can be acquired. The examples are not offered as typical results, nor as the best ever obtained. (S/NF) In the first example [Figures 2(a), (b), and (01, the target SG1A In Figure 2(a) the viewer gives a description of the geography and gross physical aspects of the site. Then, in Figures 2(b) and (c), he describes the function of the 33 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Approved For Release 2000/08/C-.61 ?kz' T.~.RUP96-00788 ROO 1800210001 -0 SG1 B SG1 B bn ~. a, cg, - ------- -- T~~ c"k, FIGURE 2(a) EXAMPLES OF SUCCESSFUL OPERATIONAL REMOTE VIEWING 34 00/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Approved For Release 20 &M 9r -00788 ROO 1800210001 -0 6 Vt~ luv~ TV" Jul, 4t~ is 4-6w,~ j4c-c in IWC,e0'.A k4M4MAICrA4IAer. ?(Crj Figure 2(b) 35 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 ro P ^ r% P Approved For Release 2000/06iuaw. %wow. -:m r-ut)-00788RO01 800210001 -0 SG1 B C, U;-Vt Figure 2(c) 36 J,~-4 -6 "/<-- ell; C/ WO/I icV,; Sr", 1800210001-0 Approved For Release -I -A Ljr- .76-00788RO01 800210001 -0 (S/NF) site as having to do with biological or chemical warfare, he relates that it is a terrible place, and he again links the function to medical or biological. The viewer then mentions a prison facility and the use of prisoners as human guinea pigs. It is at this point that the viewer has probably lost contact with the site and is reporting imagination or ex- perience. This is one of the problems that we hope to solve with training. The viewer will be taught to distinguish noise from signal, and filter the former. The data from this session were then given to an analyst, and his rating is shown in Figure 3. The key is in the Overall Utility column. The analyst rated the data as useful. This means only that he will in- corporate these data into his intelligence holdings, which illustrates the place remote viewing has in intelligence. Thus, the analyst did no t immediately write a current intelligence report proclaiming this site as SG1A he placed it in his files as one more piece of evidence regarding the nature and function of the facility located at SG1 B SG1 B (SINF) As stated earlier, the ideal situation for the R&D field would be one where the intelligence community pursues its interest in remote viewing in concert with the R&D community examining those aspects 37 00 No 10" F% In 4r fto no '%W Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 B. (U) Integration of R&D and Intelligence Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 FIGURE 3 (S) SUMMARY EVALUATIONSHEET (U) (U) For the summary evaluation,check the following the accuracy please boxes as to of the submitted material. ACCURACY Site Contact, Little with Not C orrespondence Mixed Good Excellent Unknown Results Applicable 0 1 2 3 (S) Geographical locale descrip- tion (terrain, water, etc.) (S) Large-scale manmade elements (cities, buildings, silos, docks) railroad lines, airfields, etc,) (S) Small-scale mannade elements (antennas, computers, tanks, missiles, offices, etc,) (S) General target ambience (re- 00 search, production, adminis- tration, storage, troop move- 0 ED ED 59 0 ments, naval activity, air activity, weapons testing, etc.) (S) Relevant specific activities (nuclear testing, missile firing, CBW storage, ELINT monitoring, etc.) (S) Personality information (physical descriptions,, actions, responsibilities,ED 0 ID z -- plantsetc.) ---- ----- ----- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Cannot be de- (S) Overall utility None Marginal Useful D~Q Very UsefulE-1 termined - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - at this - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - time - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (U) Definitions for the accuracy scale: 0 - Little correspondenceSelf explanatory. . . . . . 1 - Site contact with Mixture of correct ct elements, of the to . . . . . . . and incorre but enough former mixed results indicate source has ccessed the probably a target site. 2 - Good . . . . . . Good correspondence ect information. . . . . . . . with several elements matching, but same incorr 3 - Excellent . . . Good correspondence iguous unique elements relatively . . . . . . . . with unamb matchable and little incorrect informiation. Approved For Release 10001-0 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO18002 SG1C Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Next 1 Page(s) In Document Exempt Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Approved For Releasel&bMA5&if4ESoO788ROO1800210001-0 FIGURE 6 (U) REMOTE VIEWER'S PASTEUP/DRAWING 0 41 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 UNCLASSIFIEO SG1 B Approved For Release 2000'~&Ar~ WW'W_ 96-00788RO01 800210001 -0 4&-qrWjaQ Lj r (S/NF) in their domain. The results could then be used by the intelligence community to even further enhance the reliability and quality of data acquired with the use of remote viewing. To illustrate this, Exhibit 15 shows.items that are clearly of interest to the intelligence community on the left and those of R&D interest on the right. Thr6at assessments and replication of foreign work is in direct support of DIA's intelligence production mission as is countermeasures. An RV operational capability is useful in gathering intelligence, and training is needed to support an operational unit. The items on the right are R&D in nature; they seek to explore the variables that affect remote viewing, and examine the physics of the phenomena. These efforts should ultimately provide a physical model of remote viewing. The results of their research would help to further enhance the quality of operational data. Therefore, the DIA would welcome funding from any R&D unit. Until then, however, to improve operational capability, DIA must support performance enhancement and seek to understand the physical principle of the psychoenergetic processes. C. (U) In-House Operational Unit (C/NF) To have a successful in-house or contracted operational unit, several important problems must first be solved: ~ Selection and Screening ~ RV Training ~ Variety of Targeting Methods ~ RV Evaluation Method ~ Data Presentation Format ~ Automated Data Base System for Storage/Retrieval. Each of the above has been investigated over the past four years, and they are sufficiently understood to develop an in-house unit. 42 App roved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 0 -n 0 fu (a (D m Q Q Q Q 00 Q 00 0 0 u 6 Q 4 00 00 ;u Q Q 00 Q Q m C) C) C) 7L Q Exhibit 15 LEVELS OF E F FO RT (U) INTELLIGENCE STUDIES PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES PSYCHOENERGETIC FOREIGN CAPABILITIES - UNDERSTAND PHENOMENA - UNDERSTAND SIGNALS REPLICATION OF FOREIGN EXPERIMENTS 1 9 COUNTERMEASURES o RV OPERATIONAL CAPABILITY - IN-HOUSE - CONTRACTED PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT - PSYCHOLOGICAL - PSYSIOLOGICAL - SIGNAUNOISE o TRAINING - CONTRACT PERSONNEL - DIA ANALYSTS DIA SPECIALIST SECRET -n 0 fu (a (D Q -4 00 00 ;u Q Q 00 Q C) m C) C) C) 7L Q Approved For Release 204JIMCA A-S-q0WE)0788R001 800210001 -0 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 44 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release--2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788RO01 800210001 -0 - 1 Approved For Release 2 --okor. 1.11 96-00788ROO1800210001-0 UICIGYMWIP-l" IX THE FUTURE (U) (S/NF) As previously mentioned, the psychoenergetics research program at SRI International was examined by three eminent scientists in 1983. In their report, they assess the technology, and they identify elements that are necessary in any future program. The major points in their assessment are Implications are revolutionary ~ Merits continued funding in the national interest ~ National impact is profound ~ Evidence too impressive to dismiss ~ No evidence of dishonesty ~ Harassment must stop ~ Lack of physical model does not preclude existence. It is clear that this panel of scientists considers psychoenergetics to be an enormously important field. Their recommended actions are ~ Confirm or deny existence of psi phenomena ~ Initiate a five-to-ten-year program ~ Involve additional labs ~ Continue training program. The panel advocates a five to ten year program using multiple laboratories. A report has already been prepared that describes a long-term program and integrates R&D and intelligence into a single unified DoD program. Addi- tional laboratories have been contacted and are under consideration for contracts in FY 1985. The amount of funding available will be the key factor in determining which and how many laboratories will be contracted. Those being considered are shown below: ~ McDonnell Douglas ~ Mind Science Foundation ~ Lawrence Livermore Laboratories 45 OW On A" ftP 16 Nw 9% 16 1 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Approved For Release 2000/--""'- 7-S-00788ROO1800210001-0 (S/NF) Engineering Anomalies Laboratory, Princeton University Psychophysical Research Laboratory University of California - Davis Communications Studies Laboratory, Syracuse University ~ Mobius Group ~ Aberdeen Proving Ground. 46 n r mvp-d Fnr RP-IP-a--qP- WIM)MR/fIR - CIA-Rr)PAS-f)f)7RRRflfllRflfl2lflflfll-fI Approved For ReleasJJNQJM Sif-kED6-00788 ROO 1800210001 -0 Appendix A (U) REMOTE SENSING EVALUATION A. (U) Introduction (U) Analysis of RV (remote viewing) sessions can be divided into two areas of interest: (1) when complete information of the target site is available, and (2) when little or no information about the site is available. For the purpose of RV training, it is advantageous to know the target site in detail, while in the operational environment, little or nothing is known. This appendix focuses its attention upon the training environment, but provides guidelines for the operational cases as well. B. (U) Target Definition (U) To have a statistically meaningful RV analysis it is necessary to begin with a rigorously defined set of targets. The targets being used in the current RV training program consist of photographs from the National Geographic magazine. While such photographs may contain many complex target elements, we have, for the purposes of training, isolated a set of 20 specific target elements (see Table A-1). By definition for this analysis the target information is completely specified by the presence or absence of each of the target elements. By considering each target element present as a binary "111 and each element absent a binary 11011 it is possible to construct a 20-bit (one for each target element) binary number that rep- resents the pertinent target information for each photograph. C. (U) RV Response Definition (U) The output from an RV training session consists of a few words and some rough sketches. To facilitate statistical analysis, it is necessary to define in some systematic manner precisely what constitutes the response. We use the same element list (Table A-1) described above. 47 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Approved For Release 20UNARAIS-SMOD788RO01 800210001 -0 Table A-1 TRAINING DESCRIPTOR QUERIES Bit Number Descriptor I Is any significant part of the scene hectic, chaotic, congested, or cluttered? 2 Does a single major object or structure dominate the scene? 3 Is the central focus or predominant ambience of the scene pri- marily natural rather than artificial or manmalde? 4 Do the effects of the weather appear to be a significant part of the scene, e.g., as in the presence of snow or ice, evidence of erosion, and so on and so forth? 5 Is the scene predominantly colorful, characterized either by a profusion of color or by a strikingly contrasting combination of colors, or are there outstanding brightly colored objects prominent, e.g. flowers, stained-glass, windows, etc. (not normally blue sky, green grass, usual building colors, etc.)? 6 Is a mountain, hill, or cliff, or range of mountains or hills, or series of cliffs a significant feature of the scene? 7 Is a volcano a significant part of the scene? 8 Are buildings or other manmade structures a stgnificant part of the scene? 9 Is a city a significant part of the scene? 10 Is a town, village, or isolated settlement or outpost a signifi- cant feature of the scene? 11 Are ruins a significant part of the scene? 12 Is a large expanse of water--specifically an ocean, sea, gulf, lake, or bay--a significant aspect of the scene? 13 Is a land/water interface a significant part of the scene? 14 Is a river, canal, or channel a significant part of the scene? 15 Is a waterfall a significant part of the scene? 16 Is a port or harbor a significant part of the;scene? 17 Is an island a significant part of the scene? 18 Is a swamp, jungle, or marsh, or verdant or heavy foliage a sig- nificant part of the scene? 19 Is a flat aspect to the landscape a significan:t part of the scene? 20 Is a desert a significant part of the scene, or is the scene pre- dominantly dry to the point of being arid? 48 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Approved For ReleaseNgA~§IFJAQ-00788ROO1800210001-0 M Specifically, in accordance with an a priori defined set of rules con- sistent with the training program under investigation, each response is assessed as to the presence or absence of each element in the list. (Of course, the assessment is accomplished without any knowledge of the target for that particular session, that is, in a double-blind fashion.) Thus a 20-bit binary number can be constructed that represents the information contained in the RV response. D. M RV Analysis (U) An assessment of RV accuracy in a given RV session can be made by comparing the 20-bit numbers for the target and response. Specifically, the accuracy is defined as the percent of the target information (p4rcent of target elements) that was correctly perceived by the remote viewer. Similarly, an assessment of RV reliability can be made by determining the efficiency of the response. The RV reliability is defined as the percent of the RV response (percent of RV response elements) that was correct. Both RV accuracy and RV reliability provide quanitative measures of the RV response to a given target. To provide a quantitative measure of progress it is necessary to assess a given RV response not only with respect to its corresponding target but also with respect to all other targets in the target pool. This is accomplished with the aid of a computer and data base management techniques. The result of this analysis is a statistical measure of RV training and a quantitative measure of the information tr ansfer in the RV process. E. M Summary M The following is a step-by-step representation of the analysis of a single RV session: (1) The response is assessed (without knowledge of the corresponding target) as to the presence or absence of each of the items shown in Table A-1. (2) A 20-bit binary number is constructed from Step 1. (3) The predefined 20-bit representation of the cor- responding target is obtained. 49 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Approved For Release 20#MC4.A&9Mf§[DO788 ROO 1800210001 -0 M (4) The session accuracy is determined by computing the number of correctly perceived target elements divided by the total number of target elements. (5) The session reliability is determined by computing the number of correctly perceived target elements divided by the total number of elements that constituted the response. (6) The result of Step 2 is compared against all other targets in the pool to provide a quantitative assess- ment of the RV session. Steps 2 through 6 are all done by computer. Finally, for a given remote viewer, progress reports and graphs for accuracy, reliability, and sta- tistical measures are continually updated. These three measures provide an overall assessment of a remote viewer's training record. F. M Analysis of Response to Unknown Targets M The analysis of RV responses to a priori unknown targets can be accomplished with a modification of the above procedure. (1) A target pool is constructed from sites that are representative of the class of targets under investi- gation. As above, an appropriate descriptor list is generated from these targets. (2) The RV response is scored with regard to the descriptor list from Step 1. (3) The target from Step I that has the highest score resulting from the computerized matching is solected as the one most similar to the one under investigation. (4) With the use of database management, accuracy'records are maintained on a descriptor-by-descriptor basis. d from .e (Of course, the accuracy can only be determin! actual knowledge of the site as information becomes available.) (5) As individual accuracy assessments accumulate: for a specific remote viewer, they can be used to assign a priori probabilities that individual target. elements identified by the viewer are likely to be at a site in question. 50 UNCLASSIFIED roved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 r I; Q Approved For Release 20MWD8 lr6W-RDP96-00788 ROO 1800210001-0 (U) PSYCHOENERGETIC APPLICATIONS (S/NF) For the purpose of this document, specific psychoenergetic applications have been ascribed to one of the three major categories, ranging from "observed" to "possible" to "theoretical," according to the degree to which the psi phenomena underlying these applications have been verified in the laboratory (see Tables B-1 and B-2). (S/NF) The "observed" category encompasses those applications for which underlying psi phenomena have been scientifically established. Furthermore, this classification pertains only to those applications that have been implemented operationally and can be assessed according to the reliability categories of "often successful," "occasionally successful," and "rarely successful." The psi phenomenon of coordinate remote viewing (CRV), for example, has been verified in the laboratory and has been applied subsequently to a variety of operational situations. A hierarchy of specific examples that demonstrate the comparative reliability of "observed" CRV applications are as follows: (1) The overall external characteristics and spatial relationships of foreign facilities have often been successfully obtained. (2) The types of overall activity internal to a foreign facility have occasionally been obtained successfully. (3) Highly analytical information such as the identifica- tion of hidden/secret codes and ciphers within a security system have been only rarely obtained successfully. (SINF) The "possible" category encompasses those applications for which underlying psi phenomena have been established scientifically, but which have yet to be implemented operationally. As stated above, CRV has been verified in the laboratory, but it has yet to be applied, for example, to such camouflage, concealment, and deception (CC&D) tasks as detecting which USSR silos have operative missiles and which are empty. 51 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Approved For Release 200 MILRI)P96-00788ROO1800210001-0 (S/NF) The "theoretical" category encompasses those hypothesized applications that obtain from psi phenomena that have yet to be established scientifically. For example, the existence of psychokinesis (direct mental interaction with physical systems) has yet to be verified in the laboratory. Energetic applications, therefore, which include such capabilities as defeating or impairing foreign electronic military equipment, must remain hypothetical. (S/NF) Tables B-1 and B-2 provide a current overview of psychoenergetic applications as categorized according to the various criteria discussed above. Although the applications of psychoenergetic phenomena are in a relatively nascent stage of operational readiness, at 10,ast two unique attributes of this kind of data collection method make 4~ ontinued development of the applications approach imperative: (1) unlike some other intelli- gence collection systems, psychoenergetic data can be obtained rapidly; and (2) psychoenergetic collection methods enable access to~data that is unobtainable by other established verification techniques. 52 roved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 SG1A Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0 Next 3 Page(s) In Document Exempt Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788ROO1800210001-0