ed For Release 200L8/08: CIAI-~P96-00789RO02200530001-9 FIina, ,eporl-Task 6,0,3 October 1989 low Covering the Period 1 GcTober 1988 to 30 September 1989 A PROTOTYPE ANALYSIS SYSTEM FOR SPECIAL REMOTE VIEWING TASKS (U) [B, By: Prepared for: SRI Project 1291 low n In Approved by: CUPY T -0MCO-51-as Is document consists of 27 pages OT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS 333 Ravenswood Ave. Menlo Park. CA 94025 orReteasIP2000108100~7CIA4-IRDPft'd6479OR002200530001-9 JInternTatiroved F Approved For Release 2000/1~- CIA- 96-00789R002200530001-9 C-T ABSTRACT (U) d a prototype analysis system for remote viewings conducted 'ha e pe aghiihst'*"6-iget~ 66T=`- The system uses individual viewers' performance histories interpretations of the fff -~onjiinction with CWTent-data to prioritize a set of possibled site. goo OW Approved For Release 2000/0~08-:: -C7!t 6-00789R002200530001-9 Approved For Release 2oooldbUA8DlFftP96-00789ROO2200530001-9 (U) TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................. ii LIST OF TABLES ........................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................... iv I INTRODUCTION (U) ............................................... 1 II METHOD OF APPROACH (U) ...................................... 2 A. (U) Fuzzy Set Formalism ....................................... 2 B. (U) Prototype Analysis System ................................... 5 C. (U) Partial Application of Analysis System to Existing Target Pool ..... 7 D. (U) General Conclusions ...................................... 12 i REFERENCES .............................................................. 13 APPENDIX A ............................................................... 14 APPENDIX B ............................................................... 15 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO2200530001-9 Approved For Release 2000/ L8/08: CIA-R~P96-00789ROO2200530001-9 -3 LIST OF TABLES 1. (U) Numerical Listing of Targets .................................. 8 2. (U) Technology Cluster .................................................. 11 1. aw 3. (U) Principal Elements Contained in the Technology Template ................... 11 D; L; (U) LIST OF TABLES i Cluster Diagram for I I Targets ..................... 10 MW I I . -- - --.-- MW r Mw iv Approved For Release 2000/08~ CIA~-R~DD 96-00789R002200530001-9 Ar Approved For Release 2000/08~08 : CIA-RDA96-00789ROO2200530001-9 LW I INTRODUCTION (U) (U) Since 1973, when the investigations of the human information-accessing capability called remote viewing (RV) first began at SRI International," evaluating the quality of the i d h i i ll i f b i b h I d d on o ne een a cont nu n ormat ta as a n or er to enge. ng c evelop valid evaluation procedures, two basic questions must be addressed: (1) What constitutes the target? (2) What constitutes the response? If the RV task is research-oriented, the targets are known, and therefore can be precisely defined. In -apvicA~t%Dvi -oriented tasks, however, the targets are generally unknown Ir and their descriptions are problematical. In both task domains, RV responses tend to consist of sketches and written phrases. A method to encode unambiguously this type of "natural language" is one of the unsolved problems in computer science, and there has been little progress to date. Thus, a complete definition of an RV response is also problematical. An "plicct t c>n-oriented RV task pose-s further problems. High-quality RV does not always provide useful op.Vvcch-rv~ For example, -the RV may provid"dditional support for information that has been verified from other sources, but provide Ir no new information. In some - lit RV m l1 l id k l t th t i h i l i fl ow e e en s a cases, owever, an overa t ve n may prov uence an qua ey e p-os y y analyst's interpretation. r Another characteristic of current laboratory analysis techniques is that they do not provide an a priori assessment of the RV quality. While this is not a problem in the laboratory, applications require such evaluation. An RV analyst r cannot provide ratings from the RV alone; rather, the analyst must provide a priori probabilities that individual RV-response elements (o; concepts) are present at the target site. It r remains the responsibility of an analyst to Uetermine whether such data are ultimately useful. f h RV h i i i l b b C t ve a as een a major part o t oratory e ongo Analysis of ogn ng Sciences Program. 2-7 For FY 1989, we focused on the development of a prototype analysis system that would provide the needed a priori assessments for aR i, ca:wpn taskingc 3 References are at the end of this report. U (t Approved For Release 2000108IV8 : CIA-RD 96-00789ROO22005300-01-9 Approved For Release 2000/08/L- CIA-RDPL-00789RO02200530001-9 Ir so H METHOD OF APPROACH (T-T) 0% MW The analysis of remote viewing (RV) data in an 0-Wj,-C"-ji&j environment differs considerably from laboratory analysis. Most often, analysts have incomplete or no information about the target site and are required to provide a priori assessments of data gathered from RV sessions. In his section we outline a prototype analysis system for RV that uses concepts from fuzzy set theory, historical archival data, and "templates" of typicall targets. In addition, we apply this prototype system to an existing target pool as an illustration of the power of the technique. A. (U) Fuzzy Set Formalism A more complete description of the full fuzzy set formalism can be found in our literature.6.7 For the purpose of this report, we have summarized that formalism in general terms that are not specific to either laboratory experiments or eApplica-+-4, tasking. 1. (U) Construction of Target and Response Fuzzy Sets (U) A formal definition of a target and its associated RV response (i.e., the data obtained from an RV session) is necessary to any analysis system. To use the fuzzy set method, a universal set of elements is constructed on which target and response descriptions are based. These elements should contain descriptive aspects of the target material and incorporate items that typify responses from the intended viewers. This universal set should also be extendible (i.e., allow for additional items that may arise in the responses). - (U) In general, the task of an RV analyst is to assign a membership value (A) between 0 and I to each element in the universal set. The numerical value for each element in a response is assigned by the degree to which the analyst is convinced that the given element is present in that response. Membership values for target elements are assigned on the basis of the degree to which the elements contribute to the target description. I' I In the laboratory, the targets are known, so that defining a universal set of elements is comparatively straightforward. 6.7 In 4~?Acetlf&n tasks, however, defining a single universal set of elements that is appropriate for all operations is difficult. Because the usual ---~task is so highly mission-depen dent, defining a single universal set of elements that is customized to that mission becomes easier. 2 Approved For Release 2000/0~/08 : CIA-RDt96-00789ROO2200530001-9 Approved For Release 2000/08/f'O - CIA-RDP 00789R002200530001-9 The eAppj,,a:f~w analyst, as opposed to an RV analyst, should construct such AMIN a list for each mission. NN~hile there may be considerable similarities between element lists for different missions, undoubtedly the lists will require specialization. In Section 11-C below, we show the construction of one element list and how it can be applied to a set of 651 L targets. 2. (U) Analysis of Complete Responses Once an appropriate universal set of elements has been created, and fuzzy sets that define the target and the response have been specified, the comparison between them is straightforward. We have defined accuracy as the percent of the target material that is described correctly by a response. Likewise, we have defined reliability (of the viewer) as the percent of the response that is correct.6 Although in the laboratory it is required to provide a posterior probability estimates of-.,the target-response match, in an 6k*jjc&tU,3 setting, this may be less important. All that is usually necessary is to describe the accuracy and reliability for complete responses, and for individual target elements of interest. These quantities for the jth sessions are wk(RinTj) k kmi Wk Rj, k and k=t wk(RinTi) k ai = kzi n (2) Wk Tj, k kzi where the sum over k is called the sigma count in fuzzy-set terminology, and is defined as the sum of the membership values (A) for the elements of the response, the target, or their intersection, and n is the number of possible elements as defined by the element list. A fuzzy intersection is defined as the minimum of the intersecting fuzzy set membership values. In this version of the definitions, we have allowed for the possibility of weighting the membership values, Wk, to provide mission-defined relevances. 'U, For the above calculation to be meaningful, the membership values for the irg 'ts must be similar in kind to those for the responses. For most mission-dependent specifications, this is generally not the case. The target membership values represent the degree to which a particular element is characteristic of the target, and the response membership values represent the degree to which the analyst is convinced that the given element is represented in the response. 3 Approved For Release 2000/08/~: CIA-R~96-00789RO02200530001-9 Approved For Release 2000/CtONCLA;IWU06-00789ROO2200530001-9 (U) Until RV abilities can encompass the recognition of elements as well as their degree of target characterization, we are required to modify the target fuzzy set. An analyst must decide upon a threshold above which an element is considered to be completely characteristic of the target site. In fuzzy set theory, this is called an oi-cut: a technique to apply a threshold to the g values such that if the original value exceeds it, reassign the value to 1, otherwise set it to 0. In this way, the analyst's subjectivity can be encoded in the response fuzzy set, and Equations I and 2 remain valid. 3. (U) Analysis of an Individual Element (U) Equations I and 2 can be simplified to provide an accuracy and reliability on an individual element basis instead for a complete response. For example, let N be the number of sessions against different targets that exist in a current archive for a specified viewer. Let e be an element in question (e.g., airport). Then the empirical probability that element e is in the target, given that the viewer said it was, is given by R(c) - N~ (3) N,' where Nc is the number of times that the individual was correct, and Nr is the number of times that element e was mentioned in the response. R(E) is also the reliability of the viewer. for that specified element. (U) To compute what chance guessing would be, we must know the occurrence rate of element e in the N sessions. Let No be the actual number of times element E was contained in the N targets. Then the chance-guessing empirical probability is given by Ro(c) = No N RO(e) can also be considered as the guessing reliability (i.e., the reliability that would be observed if the viewer guessed e during every session). The more R(c) > RO(c), the more reliable the individual is for the specified element. (U) The empirical probability that the viewer said element E, given that it was in the target, is given by A(c) - N~ No A(e) is also the accuracy of the viewer for that specified element. (U) As a numerical example, suppose a single viewer participated in N = 25 sessions. Let E = "airport." Further suppose that No = 5 of the targets actually contained an airport. 4 Approved For Release 2000MYRk~~&~F4E~96-00789ROO2200530001-9 Approved For Release 2000/08MF_: CIA-j~b496-00789RO02200530001-9 low (U) Then, RO(airporl) = 0.20 is the chance probability (i.e., guessing airport during every session would only by 20 percent reliable). Assume that thg viewer mentioned airport Nr = 6 times and LN i was correct Ne = 4 times. Then this viewer's reliability for airports is computed as R(airport~ 0.67 > RO(airporf) = 0.20. The viewer's accuracy for airports is computed as A(airport) = NcINO IEW 0.80. Thus in this example, we can conclude th4t this viewer is reasonably accomplished. at remote viewing an airport. B. (U) Prototype Analysis System We assume that ant anilyst has constructed a mission-dependent universal set of elements. We further assume that there are a number of competing interpretations of the target site in question. 1. (U) Target Templates The first step in our prototype 6alysis system is to define templates (i.e., general descriptions of classes of target types) of all competing target interpretations from the universal set of elements. I Exactly what the templates s hould represent is entirely dependent upon what kind of information is sought. Both the underlying universal set of elements and the templates must be constructed to be rich enough to allow for the encoding of all the information That is, if neither the set of elements nor the templates can meaningfully represent information aboutl -t4-r1e* then it will be unreasonable to consider asking, ' Rkev"t qvw-c-rhbnS ONA~t the site. Furthermore, a certain amount of atornization is necessary because such division into small units provides the potential for interactions within the universal set of elements. If the profile of a I 4facility consists of a single element, the template would be useless unless the response directly stated that particular element; rather, the profile should be constructed from groups of elemental features J There are two different ways to generate target templates. The most straightforward technique is also likely to be the most unreliable, because it relies on the analyst's judgment of a single target type. With this method, the analyst, who is familiar with the intelligence problem at hand, simply generates membership values for elements from the universal set of elements based upon his or her general knowledge. Given the time and resources, the best way to generate template membership values is to encode known targets that are closely related. Each tempi ate g is the average value across targets, and thus is more reliable. If it is known that some targets are more Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO2200530001-9 Approved For Release 2000/08~8: CIA-JRD 96-0-0789ROO2200530001-9 "characteristic" of the target type than others, then a weighted average should be computed. In symbols, O)kUj,k k-1 (4) Y O)k k = i where the sums are over the available targets that constitute the template, Wk are the target weights, and the Aj,k are the assigned membership values for target k. 2. (U) Archival Database A critical feature of an analysis system foj tRV data is that along with the current RV data to be evaluated, the individual viewer's past performance on an element-by-element basis must also be included. For example, if a viewer has been relatively unsuccessful at recognizing facilities,. then aj jeference in the current data should not contribute much in the overall analysis. As ground truth becomes available for each session, a performance database should be updated for each viewer to reflect the new information This database should be a fuzzy set whose membership values for each element are the reliabilities computed from #Equation 3. 3. (U) Optimized Probability List The goal of any ~RV analysis system is to provide an a priori prioritized and weighted list of target Possibilities that results from a single remote viewing that is sensitive to the performance history of the viewer. Assuming that a template exists for each of the possibld interpretations, an analyst should adhere to the following protocol: (1) Analyze the RV data by assigning a membership value (g) for each element injIthe universal set of elements. Each A represents the degree to which -the analytt is convinced that the particular element is included in the response. (2) Construct a crisp set, Rc, as an ci-cut of the original response set. By adopting a threshold of 0.5. for example, then the resulting crisp set contains only those elements that the analyst deems most likely as being present in the response. (3) Construct an effective response set, Re, as Re = Rc U Ra, where Ra is the reliability set drawn from the archival database. t'- _N 6 Approved For Release 2000/ 08 : CIA T P96-00789ROO2200530001-9 Approved For Release ~O9~~ CIA-RDP96-00789ROO2200530001-9 Final Report- -Objective D, Task 1 Covering the Period 1 October 1985 to 30 September 1986 A SUGGESTED REMOTE VIEWING TRAINING PROCEDURE (U) [Prep Prepared for: E SRI Project 1291 Approved by: Approve,, -A) oved For Lee 2000/08/08: CIA-R P96-00789 ~Int"ernational 333 Ravenswood Avenue - Menlo ark, Calitornia (415) 326-6200 , Cable: SRI INTL MPK - TWX December 1986 -UU'UY ivu . ..... r.... This document consists of 86 pages. P2200530001-9 1025 - U.S.A. 910-373-2046 Approved For Release 20001081~8,: CIA-RADP 6-00789ROO2200530001-9 (4) Using this effective response set, compute an accuracy and reliability in accordance with Equations I and 2. Then compute a figure-of-merit, mi, for the ith competing interpretations as Mj = aj x rj Of course, the accuracy and reliability use the effective response set from step 3 above. (5) Order the Ms from largest to smallest value. Since the figures-of-merit range in value from 0 to 1, they can be interpreted as relative probability values for each of the alternative target possibilities. If--- By following such a protocol, an analyst can produce a list of target alternatives that is sensitive to the current remote viewing yet takes into consideration to the individual viewer's archival record. C. (U) Partial Application of Analysis System to Existing Target Pool (U) We have used an existing target pool (developed under a separate program) as a test bed for the analysis system described above. I . (U) Criteria for Inclusion in the Target Pool t Targets in this pool have the following characteristics: ~ Each target is within an hour and a half automobile drive of SRI International. ~ Each target simulates A- interest. ~ Each target fits generally within one of five funct ional categories: Production, Recreation, Scientific, Storage, and Transportation. -,o Each -target meets a consensus agreement of experienced RV monitors and analysts about inclusion in the pool. (U) The pool consists of 65 targets. Initially, they were divided into 13 groups of five targets each, where each group contained one target from each of five functional categories. By carefully organizing the targets.in this way, the maximum possible functional difference of the targets within each group was ensured. Table I shows a numerical listing of these targets. 7 Approved For Release 200010 r 8: CIA- 7 P96-00789ROO2200530001-9 ru awd Approved For Release 2000/078: CIA-RIP96-00789ROO2200530001-9 Table 1 (U) Numerical Listing of Targets _.::,qsforrner Station 'aark --lite Dish .~-,pons Storage i::al Fleet _:i%,el Quarry _Zmming Pool _--Jervatory ~---.n 1C :--ming and Receivi:~~ 1: -_--nhouse 1 '::=--c Area Z- 12 ----lite Dishes 14 :~i= Warehouse 15 ----a! Air Station 16 !-:z-- Refinery 17 -ound 1E -_:~riurn 19 Yard 20 ft 21 --- .7i2e Treatment Plara 22 Tower 23. Space Capsule 24. Coastal Battery 25. Bay Area Rapid Transit 26. Salt Refinery 27. Candlestick Park 28. Solar Observatory 29. Food Terminal 30. Pedestrian Overpass 31. Electrical Plant 32. White Plaza 33. Space Shuttle 34. Coastal Battery 35. Train Terminal 36. Sawmill 37. Pond 38. Wind Tunnel 39. Grain Terminal 40. Submarine 41. Cogeneration Plant 42. Park 43. Linear Accelerator 44. Dump 45. Pump Station 46. Ice Plant 47. Caves/Cliffs 48. Bevatron 49. Barn 50. Golden Gate Bridge 51. Modern Windmills 52. Baylands Nature Preserve 53. Gas Plant 54. Auto Wreckers 55. Fishing Fleet 56. Radio Towers 57. Vineyard 58. Pharmaceutical Laboratory 59. Toxic Waste Storage 60. Airport 61. Car Wash 62. Old Windmill 63. Nuclear Accelerator 64. Reservoir 65. Train Station UNCL,- ----=,,ED (U) Fuzzy Set E'lement, List In FY PJ89, we developed a prototype analysis sy stem for analyzing targets an: --tt---crises ir4 %emote viewi.ngs. A list of elements, based on target function (i.e., the ---ion specification),' i% arranged in levels from relatively abstract (information poor) to the relL: complex (information rich), Having levels of elements is advantageous in that each can be separately in the analysis. (U) This univer%.%l set of elements (included as Appendix A) represents primary ele=z~=- in the existing targot pool of 65 targets. The set was derived exclusively from this knov- ---get pool. In an a,:tual RV session, however, a viewer does not have access to the elemt~-_-_ .5t, and thus is not constrained to respond within its confines. An accurate RV analysis mus- =~~de any additional oata that may be provided in the response; therefore, additional spact -_z: been provided on the analysis sheets (see Appendix A) to include elements that are pan :-- --a response but not ~.nitially included as part of the universal set. Approved For Release 2000/0~11~ 8 : CIA-R~P96-00789ROO2200530001-9 Approved For Release 2000/08/t'CIA-RD16-00789ROO2200530001-9 4 2 22 17 17 ~'~ ~47 ~ ~22 Cluster 1 .41 42 42 Recreation 27 9 5 55 54 50 61 Cluster 2 15 Transportation 20 38 60 30 35 - 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -4 Cluster 3 40 - Weapons J4 4 - - - - - - - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 56 31 51 1 1 41 3 Cluster 4 13 Technology 43 63 21 58 - 48 44 Cluster 5 59 14 Storage 39 19 - - - - - - -49 - 45 55 62 21 Cluster 6 16 64 Production/Distribution 6 2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 I - Sj.k UNCLASSIFIED Cluster Diagram fori ---------- -- Figure 1. ITargets god I "M, (U) We used the technology cluster (i.e.. number 4 in Figure 1) to apply Equation 4 to construct a technology target template. Table 2 shows the targets in this cluster, where the horizontal lines indicate the subclustering within the technology group shown in Figure 1. Approved For Release 2000/08/08 :'61A-RDP96-00789ROO2200530001-9 Approved For Release 2000/qMLA~WFM6-00789ROO2200530001-9 Table 2 (U) Technology Cluster TargetName 56. Radio Towers 1. Transformer Station 51. Modern Windmills 31. Electrical Plant 41. Cogeneration Plant 3. Satellite Dish 13. Satellite Dishes 8. Observatory 28. Solar Observatory 58. Pharmaceutical Laboratory 63. Nuclear Accelerator 43. Linear Accelerator 48. Bevatron UNCLASSIFIED (U) Table 3 shows those elements that met or exceeded average membership values of 0.4 using Equation 4. Table 3 (U) Principal Elements Contained in the Technology Template Levels Number Name !kffiliation1 Commercial/Private Function 14 Research/Experimentation Attribute 24 Energy Modifier 47 Electricity/Radio Objects 88 High Technology Electronics 99 Restricted Access 120 Ves/Cables Abstract 122 Activity-Passive 130 Ambiance-Indoor 131 Ambiance-Manmade 137 Ambiance-Outdoor 149 Size-Medium UNCLASSIFIED 11 00MKk I '&IE1E11 Approved For Release 20 ~'C ;RUP96-00789ROO2200530001-9 r /08/0v lA-RDP I -00789ROO2200530001-9 Approved For Release 2000 _. C __~6 (U) As a self-consistency check, we included the technology template in the total target pool and recalculated the clusters. As expected, the technology template was included r within the subgroup of targets 3 and 13, and well within the technology cluster as a whole. r D. (U) General Conclusions Mai The goal of this effort was to develop an analysis system that would prove r effective in providing a priori assessments ofi jremote viewing tasks. If the proper no mission-dependent universal set of elements can be identified, then, using a viewer-dependent reliability archive, data from a single remote viewing can be used to prioritize a set of alternative r target templates so as to chose the most likely one for the mission. woo 12 Approved For Release 2000/ 17 CIA-R796-00789ROO2200530001-9 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO2200530001-9 REFERENCES (U) 1. Puthoff, H.E., and Targ, R., "A Perceptual Channel for Information Transfer Over Kilometer Distances: Historical Perspective and Recent Research," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 64, No. 3, March 1976, UNCLASSIFIED. 2. Targ, R., Puthoff, H.E., and May, E.C., 1977 Proceedings of the International Conference of Cybernetics and Society, pp. 519-529, 11977, UNCLASSIFIED. 3. May, E.C., "A Remote Viewing Evaluation Protocol '(U)," Final Report (revised), SRI Project 4028, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, July 1983,C--w""mk 4. May, E.C., Humphrey, B.S., and Mathews, C., dA Figure of Merit Analysis for i Free-Response Material," Proceedings of the 28th Annual Convention of the Parapsychological Association, pp. 343-354, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, August 1985, UNCLASSIFIED. 5. Humphrey, B.S., May, E.C., Trask, V.V., and Thomson, M. J.. "Remote Viewing Evaluation Techniques (U)," Final Report, SRI Project 1291, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, December 1986,~--m*-, 6. Humphrey, B.S., May, E.C., Utts, J.M., Frivold, T.J., Luke, W.L., and Trask, V.V., "Fuzzy Set Applications in Remote Viewing Analysis," Vinal Report-Objective A, Task 3, SRI Project 1291, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, December 1987, UNCLASSIFIED. 7. May, E.C., Humphrey, B.S., Frivold, T J., and Utts, J M., "Applications of Fuzzy Sets to Remote Viewing Analysis (U)," Final Report-Objective F. Task 1, SRI Project 1291, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, December 1988, moo MW 13 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO2200530001-9 Appendix A UNIVERSAL SET OF ELEMENT'S FOR ANALYSIS OF FUNMON (U) (Ms Appendix is completely UNCLASSIFIED) 14 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO2200530001-9 > 0 -n 0 C" Q Q Q 00 Q 00 0 > S Q 4 00 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 73, Experiment: Trial: Response: CoderlD: REMOTE PERCEP11ON EVALUATION FORM Viewer ID: Target: Date: Affiliation I Commercial/Prfvate2 Government 3 Military Function 4 Agriculture 9 Preservation 14 Research/Experimentation 6 Cleaning/Purifleation10 Production 15 Storage 6 Distribution 11 Reception 16 Transmission 7 Education 12 Recreation/Aesthetic17 Transportation 8 Extraction 13 Refining Attributes 18 Animals 25 Food 32 Plants 19 Astronomy 26 Historical 33 Space Exploration 20 Biology 27 Merchandise/Products34 Vehicles 21 Chemistry 28 Minerals 35 Waste 22 Containers 29 Nature/Natural 36 Water/Ice 23 Ecology 30 People 37 Weapons 24 Energy 31 Physics WMA L Page A-1 POP > 0 -n 0 ;u Modifiers (n Q Q Q Q 00 Q 00 01 0 U to a) 6 Q 4 00 W ;U Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 73, REMOTE PERCEPTION EVALUA110N FORM 38 Aircraft (Fixed-wilng) 39 Aircraft (Rotary-wing) 40 Affwrmftlon 41 Automobiles 42 Barrels?Drums 43 Bombs 44 Boxes 45 Children 46 Convicts 47 Electricity/Radlo 49 Explosives 48 Flammable 50 Grain 51 Guns 52 Uvestock 63 Marine Ufe 54 Meat 55 Nuclear 56 Paint 57 Participant 58 Particle 59 Pharmaceuticals 60 RadloactlVa 61 Rocks UMMT-W MR Experiment: Trial: Response: CoderlD: Viewer ID: Target: Date: 62 Salt /Sugar 63 Shlps/Boats 64 Space Vehicles 65 Spectators 66 Symbiotic 67 Torpedos 68 Toxic 69 Trains 70 Trucks 71 Vegetables/Fruits 72 Waste (Uquld) 73 Waste (Solid) Page A-2 7 REMOTE PERCEPTION EVALUATION FORM Objects-Specific: I 74 Accelerator 75 Alarm 76 Bridge (auto or foot) 77 Catwalk 78 Conveyer Belt 79 Coastline 80 Crane 81 Dam 82 Fans/Propellers 83 Fence/Wall/Barrler 84 85 86 87 88 89 Forklift Fountain Guard (security personnel) Heat Generation High-Technology Electronics Hydraulics Experiment: Trial: Response: CoderlD: Viewer ID: Target: Date: > 0 -n 0 (D Q 90 Island Q Q Q 91 Magnets 00 Q 00 92 Monument 0 93 Pier/Jetty/Loading> Dock ~U 94 "Nalves/Gauges 0 to 95 Port/Harbor a) 6 Q 6 aised Land-ClIff -4 00 W 97 Raised Land-Hills/Mountains;U Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 73, Page A-3 REMOTE PERCEPT10N EVALUA11ON FORM Objects-Specific: 11 Experiment: Trial: Response: CoderlD: Viewer ID: Target: Date: 98 106 Tank/Sflo/CyHnder 114 Vegetation-Natural Raised Land-Single Peak 99 107 Telescope 115 Voltage Restricted Transformer Access 100 108 Tower 116 Water-Bounded Satellite Dish 101 Shlokfing 109 TumeliCave/Underground 117 Water-Canal 102 110 Turbine 118 Water-Large Smoke Expanse Stack 103 111 Vacuum 119 Water-River BuNngs--Group 104 112 Vegetation-Agricultural 12l) V41res/Cables BtAding-isolated/Single 105 113 Vegetation-Manicured Buildings-Vold of 7 U Page A-4 W"W REMOTE PERCEP11ON EVALUATION FORM General/Abstract Items 121 Activity-Active 133 Ambience-Noisy 122 Activity-Passive 134 Ambience-Odortferous 123 Activity-Flowing 135 Ambience-Open/Expansive (water, air, etc.) 124 ActIvIty-Other 136 Ambience-Ordered 125 Amblendb-Abandoned 137 Ambience-Outdoor 126 Ambience-Claustrophobic 138 Ambience-Serene 127 Ambience-Congested 139 Cloudy/Mlsty/Foggy 128 Arnblence-Dangerous 140 Colorful 129 Ambience-Disordered 141 Modem 130 Ambience-Indoor 142 Odd/Surprlslng 131 Ambience-Manmade 143 Old 132 Ambience-Natural 144 Personnel-Few Experiment: Trial: Response: CoderID: Viewer ID: Target: Date: 145 Personnel-Marry W ED M 146 Personnel-None Q Q N 147 Single Predominant Feature Q 00 Q 148 Size-Large (UnIv. Campus) 00 0 149 Size-Medium (building) > 150 Size-Small (human) 0 a to 151 Dull-Colorless a) 6 Q -4 00 Q Q M M Q Q Q Q Q 731 Page A-5 > REMOTE PERCEF11ON EVALUATION FORM D I T1 D Additional Response Items D Function D D 152 153 154 155 156 Attributes 157 158 159 161 160 162 163 E xperiment: Trial: Response: CoderlD: Viewer ID: Target: Date: Modifiers 164 166 166 167 168 169 170 171 173 172 174 175 176 Objects/Abstract 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 185 184 186 187 188 189 Page A-6 Approved For Release 200jfWOASNAff P96-00789ROO2200530001-9 Appendix B ANALYSTS' GUIDE TO THE UNIVERSAL SET OF ELEMENTS FOR FUNCTION (U) (11is Appendix Is completely UNCLASSIFIED) 15 Approved For Release 2&NR60-91EI~-~DP96-00789ROO2200530001-9 Approved For Release 20QftMQ%gIPWP96-00789ROO2200530001-9 AN ANALYST'S GUIDE TO THE UNIVERSAL SET OF ELEMENIS (U) A. (U) Introduction M This appendix is intended to assist an analyst in using the universal set of elements shown in Appendix A. We developed six levels of elements ranging from relatively abstract (information poor) to the relatively complex (information rich). B. (U) Element Levels and Their Use (U) The task of the analyst is to assign a membership value between 0 and 1 to each individual element. For targets, a numerical value will be assigned on the basis of the presence or absence of each element in terms of functional importance. For responses, the numerical value will be assigned on the basis of the degree to which the analyst is convincedithat the element is contained in the response. (U) Ali subsequent commentary is referenced by the element numbers in Appendix A. Although each level may contain a number of elements, only those individual elements that may need explanation are listed below. 1. M Element Level-Affiliation (U) -Affiliati'on'" represents an advanced level of remote viewing functioning. Although we infrequently observe this advanced functioning, the data are valuable, and, therefore, are included. Elements in this level can be assigned membership values by asking the question, "Who owns the target?" There are only three "affiliation" elements: (1) Commercial/Private. (2) Government: Federal, state, or local governmental ownership (e.g., municipal utilities), but excluding military. t (3) Military: military ownership as separate from the above governmental ownership (e.g., a Navy submarine). B-1 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO2200530001-9 Approved For Release 2b~*%~&W.IEW&DP96-00789ROO2200530001-9 2. (U) Element Level-Function (U) "Function" also represents an advanced level of remote viewing functioning, and it may represent the most important information with regard to overall function. Elements are assigned membership values by asking the question, "What is(are) the primary function(s) of the target?" There are 14 "function" elements, and a few require further explanation: (6) Distribution: the primary function is to receive and to transmit something (e.g., an electrical transformer station). (8) Extraction: as in the extraction of minerals from the ground. (11) Reception: the primary function is 2aly to receive (e.g., a satellite tracking station). (13) Refining: the primary function is to refine a raw material into an intermediate or finished product (e.g., a saw mill). (16) Transmission: the primary function is Dilly to transmit (e.g., a radio tower). 3. (U) Element Level-Attributes (U) "Attributes" can be thought of as clarification for the "function" level. Elements are assigned membership values by asking a question similar to, "If the function of the target is production, then what is being produced?" There are 20 "attribute" elements, *and the following require further explanation: (18) Animals: animals Dj)ly. (20) Biology: the study of living things in general. (21) Chemistry: also includes chemicals. (23) Ecology: symbiotic systems in nature, as in ecological zones (e.g., the Day Lands Nature Preserve). (24) Energy: enqrgy in a broad sense that also includes radio waves. (29) Nature/Naturql: general natural objects (e.g., plants and animals). (32) Plants: plants 2aly. (33) Space exploration: general, includes all experimentation done in space. Elements 18 and 32 are given a membership value if the target/response is specifically oriented to one item. Otherwise element 29 should be assigned a value. 4. (U) Element Level-Modifiers (U) "Modifiers" can be thought of as a clarification of the "attributes" level. Elements are assigned membership values by asking a question similar to, "If the function of the target is production, and vehicles are being produced, then what kind of vehicles are they?" There are 36 "modifiers" elements, and only element 66 requires further explanation: B-2 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO2200530001-9 Approved For Release 20bW&W.WK-PDP96-00789ROO2200530001-9 (66) Symbiotic: symbiotic relationships not subsumed under natural or ecology (e.g., a cogeneration plant). 5. (U) Element Level-Objects (U) "Objects" contains specific elements not necessarily related to function. Elements are assigned membership values on the basis of the presence or absence of each object in terms of functional importance. There are 47 "objects" elements, and the following require further explanation: (77) Catwalk: elevated walkway. (79) Coastline: used only as coastline of an ocean. (88) High-Technology Electronics: silicon-based technology. (95) Port/Harbor: port should be marked as in port of departure (e.g., airport, train station, seaport). (116) Water-Bounded: only completely bounded bodies of water (e.g., pool or pond). (117) Water-Canal: manmade. (118) Water-Large Expanse: the San Francisco Bay should be marked as a large expanse. (119) Water-River: also includes stream. 6. (U) Element Level-General/Abstract Items (U) This level contains the most abstract elements. There are 31 elements, and the following require further explanation: (121) Activity-Active: predominant visually active (e.g., an accelerator is very active electromagnetically, but would be considered passive, because there is little visual activity); potential activity is considered as passive. (122) Activity-Passive: predominant visually passive (e.g., a ballpark is passive most of the time). 1 (123) Activity-Flowing (Water, Air, etc.): can be natural (e.g. creek) or manmade. (128) Ambience-Dangerous: perceived and/or physically dangerous. (140) Colorful: to be used only if especially characteristic. (141) Modern: to be used only if especially characteristic. (142) Odd/Surprising: to be used only if especially characteristic. (143) 91d: to be used only if especially characteristic. (144) Personnel-Few: I to 10 employees nxostly full-time. (145) Personnel-Many: 10 to 1000 employees mostly full-time. (146) Personnel-None: no full-time employees, but occasional human attention is allowed. (148) Size-Large (University Campus): represents a "campus" size area. (149) Size-Medium (Building): size of typical single buildings. (150) Size-Small (Human): typically, the size of a human (i.e., 6 feet) (151) Dull: to be used only if especially characteristic of the color. B-3 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789ROO2200530001-9