Approved For Pa4ease 2001/03126: CIA-RDP96,QV87ROO0200080026-6 monkeys may react to the same sound Fl Research -started in id 1969 when the 1,064 P t quite differently. uor children were in first reven or second grade. e: s The vervets are not absolutely After the original check-up, consist- i they were re- l ent about what intruder onger examined at intervals triggers an alarm car of 30 months, 55 es _V call, so the scientis months and six years. ts in the field kept Following the six- track of the "mistakes." They Tooth decay may not be year check-up, the fluoride/placebo found that the the most seri- adult monkeys seldom ous or painful health treatments were stopped. err, juveniles err problem in the Then in 1977, more frequently and infantsUnited States, but is after one and a half err most fre- probably the most treatment-free years, quently of all. The juveniles,common and certainly 354 children who had for instance, the most enduring. also been checked give the eagle call on Most - but not all - after six years were occasion at the sight dental researchers re-examined. This ex- of an innocuous bird consider fluoridation amination showed- that such as a stork or a the most effective ".., cariostatic spooribill. Infants carrymeans of preventing dental[anti-caries] benefits their caution even caries (SN: continue to be ap- further; one gave the 9/l/79, p. 152). Now, parent for both [one eagle alarm at the in the most recent and two] tablet sight of an airborne follow-up of a clinical treatment procedures leaf. study started in at the end of seven "Although they make mistakes,1969, it looks as if and one half years .... there is fluoride's protective Thus, the caries pre- ef- an order to the errors,"fects continue after ventive benefit did Marler says. The treatment with fluo- not diminish as a result young monkeys, for instance,ride tablets ceases. of discontinuing such may give an A year and a half after treatment." eagle call at the sight treatments were discontinued,The study examined not of a pigeon, but they the chil- only the pro- never mistakenly give dren in the Wayne County,tective effects of fluoride the eagle call in re- North Carolina tablets, but also sponse to a leopard. Public Health Service looked at the cost-effectiveness "It's as though they study who had re- of using have a generally preordainedceived one or two fluoridethe treatment on large mechanism, tablets daily for numbers of chil- which specifies that six school years had dren. Overall, the fluoride the eagle alarm call fewer dental caries treatments cost should be given to somethingthan those who had receivedabout $25 per child that may be a flavored for six school years defined as 'moving up placebo tablet. Both and - if the post-treatment above' of a certain during and after period is in- size and with a certain treatment, the fluoride cluded - prevented 3.65 trajectory," he pro- group had between "decayed, miss- poses. Initially for 32 and 35 percent fewer ing or filled" tooth the young monkey, caries than the surfaces from occurring many stimuli satisfy control group. in each child during that requirement. seven and a half years. Gradually, however, the The study - conducted This means that it cost animals' percep- by William S. about $7 to prevent tion becomes more discriminating,Driscoll, Stanley B. each decay, compared like Heifetz and Janet A. with the $10 to $20 children sharpening theirBrunelle of the Nationalit costs to have a decayed semantic sense, Institute of Dental tooth filled. 0 Marler says. Marler suggests that these animal studies offer a glimmer of hope for ex- oustifies Dean perimental elucidation j of the process by which a child brings 1Dsychic research BASE "innate knowledge" to the task of developing X understanding. "We blind ourselves to the Many respectable scientists, prospect of new from Ein- rALIBRAT ION N discoveries if we insiststein on down, have speculated- on treating animals on the , as though they were automata.credibility of so-called The "psychic" knowledge they have of phenomena and on how PK companions and they can be their surroundings is studied scientifically. probably as intricate Generally such ef- and complex as our own, forts to legitimize this though with an study have been emphasis that is unique thwarted by the obvious CAL)I5RAT)ON to each species," presence of char- Marler says. In other latans and fools among work Marler observes reputed psychics among songbirds a complexand by open hostility mix of innate from the scientific tendency, imitation, community at large. PerhapsBASE modification and in- worst of all, vention (see p. 362). few new theoretical or In discussion at the. experimental ap- recent meeting in Atlantaproaches to the subject of the Society for have been gen- Neuroscience, James L. erated. CALIBRATION Gould of Prince- . ton University challengedNow a fresh set of "psi" the idea that experiments complexity of a behaviorinvolving sophisticated necessarily im- technology has plies cognition. He saysbeen designed by Princeton that what appears University's to be animal awareness dean of Engineering and and intentions Applied Science, may just be preordained,Robert G. Jahn, and his preprogrammed co-workers. Al- learning routines combinedthough Jahn is not yet with scien- ready to publish any tists' ignorance of how conclusive results, he CALIBRATI .. 9N complicated such has offered some programs can get. His thoughts on a theoretical work with bees approach to (SN:11/17/79, p. 342) psychic phenomena and Chart produced by physical indicates that appar- has concluded changes in a ently complicated feats that "once the overburdenFabry-Perot interferometer of communication of illegitimate clearly shows can be described by simpleactivity and irresponsibledifferent effects when rules that criticism is re- a subjectjust relaxed could be genetically moved, there is sufficient(base) or tried to influence determined. residue of valid the instrument Donald R. Griffin of evidence to justify continuedthrough psychokinesis Rockefeller Univer- research." (PK). sity emphasizes the importanceJahn, best known for of gather- his pioneering ing information about work with plasma discharges,experiments, results whether nonhuman summarized of which can be animals have intentions his two-year experience scrutinized but not or are aware of with psychic re- clearly interpreted. themselves in relation search during a recent What the Princeton researchers to their surround- science writers' have tried ings. "A cognitive ethologymeeting in Palo Alto. to do is design experiments can thus hope in which the to illuminate the fundamental dimcDsigns n 110020161o statis- @Mao M lu q of those attApprova6for ica a y and which, in their mosttion of anecdotes of The work started when versatile manifes- spontaneous events, an undergradu- tations, are the sourceswhich tend to be spectacularate, Carol K. Currv. of our most pro- but unverifi- askedJahri tn -mini-rvicp data pro47,ssing NASA back into power levels." But, skills. he adds, "this band The researchers has began wjh sofrie simple extrasensory bee" inadequately explored, and technol- i,-r,,,p1:on exercisA r1larovedsFor *AiM01&*&6: CIA-R "R 14ww DPtW 2@Lip . e w, e We were indeed capable of generating ef- f(@cts to studying multi-beam study" -then antennas, on-board moved on to design- ing equipment signal-switching and to measure other technologies, psychokinesis - a palpable but there is far more disturbance to the satellite com- of a physical system by munications problem thought than the opening of alone. The psychokinesis experiments additional frequencies. illus- As the SAB committee's rate well 7--4 report empha- why such research can be both and frustrating. a a sized, there are many Rather than potential satellite try rer)roduce spectacular, communications users "macroscopic" who are too small cl'iects, or widely scattered such as to form a feasible spinning a compass with- -t touching it (which commercial market. The has been Ka band is reported poorly documented studies) primarily relevant to Jahn and large-scale, wide- I arry concentrated band traffic, while on easily the small users often observed nicroscopic" mums t- can use narrow-band, phenomena. lower-frequency In one exper- -ient, a equipment - which is subject also less costly. was to raise the tempera- re of a thermistor 5 Some Of NASA's new technologies by a few will be thousandths a degree. applicable there, but In another, much of the small- the goal was to .,.;iange user activity is being the separation studied amid a of two mirrors in a abry-Perot thicket of other agencies interferometer and organi- by a hundred- housandth zations. The matter of a centimeter. is thorny - and far The observa- tions were from solved. 0 specific and even dramatic. Subjects did, indeed, seem capable at times of RCA Satcom III: Due raising soon, but then what? L the thermistor sk tempera- r Aw rd ture or changing a the optical e pathlength a of s: the interferometer Satellite communications, at will. more inti- DNA and the brain But neither ex- " " in the, matety woven into contemporary reproducible life than periment was fully scientifically perhaps any other aspect accepted of Space Age sense: The effects varied unpredictably technology, owes much The 1979 Albert Lasker from person of its solid footing Basic Medical to per- son and from to years of research Research Awards were day to day. and development by presented to three Because of this unpredictability@ the National Aeronautics scientists whose basic Jahn prefers and Space Ad- research has po- to call the results of ministration, which tential for clinical work so was ultimately able as well as laboratory far "tutorial" to rather than technically pass on most of the use. Roger W Sperry conclusive. effort to private of the California Insti- That is, indus- they should be try as a self-sustaining tute of Technology received used as enterprise. In 1973, a $15,000 models for more exten- sive research prompted by tight budgets, award for his investigations rather than NASA virtually into the work- as any sort of ,, proof" dropped its R and D ings of the brain's of the validity program in the field. hemispheres, and Walter of psychic phenomena. NOW NASA is back in Gilbert of Harvard University Nevertheless, the game, with a and Freder- analysis of these experiments five-year program "aimed ick Sanger of the Laboratory has offered at retaining U.S. of Molecular two impor- tant insights world leadership in Biology in Cambridge, that can satellite communica- England shared be further tested in future research. tions research and another $15,000 for technology." -their independent de- First, the Several factors have velopment, of new methods ability contributed to the of rapid to produce measurable psychic effects restored effort: Early sequencing Of DNA. appears in 1977, a special to be trainable. Neither Jahn committee of the National In 1953, Sperry developed nor Curry Research the technique was aware of any initial psychic Council's Space Applications of "split brain" research, ability Board in which he se- and both got better as they went strongly recommended vered the bundle of along. An just such action nerve fibers that con- important element in such training (SN: 4/9/77, p. 231). nects the two halves appears A year later, President of the brain. He dis- to be feedback that is "visible Jimmy Carter's reorganization covered that the two and attractive," plans pro- hemispheres func- Jahn says. Second, Jahn duced the National tion independently in speculates Telecommunications this situation; the that psychic phenomena and Information Administration, right brain does not may have charged know what the left an inherently statis- tical nature. in part with easing brain is learning. Sperry If so, theories the way for NASA com- found that the two dealing with such phenomena munications experiments halves of the brain are likely into commer- govern two sets of to involve ac- abstruse cial use. Further support tivities; there is no concepts came from vari- one "dominant" hemi- related to the for- malism of ous federal agencies sphere for all mental quantum and industries in processes. mechanics the or statisti- cal mechanics, form of responses to The second Basic Research rather than a questionnaire from Award was some easily grasped intuitive the White House's Office presented jointly to explanation. of Science and Sanger and Gilbert In particu- (a lar, psychokinesis Technology Policy The 1949 Westinghouse Science appears sate Ili te-al located Talent Search to involve a re- duction of portions of the communications winner), whose rapid entropy-a spectrum sequencing tech- statistical measure of disorder-and have become increasingly niques w ill allow molecular the equivalence crowded, and, biologists to of phys- ical "information" NASA points out, the discover the sequence and energy. U.S. is facing more Of DNA COMPO- An ad hoc foreign technology nents in a few days, committee competition. instead of months. of the university has established The new NASA effort, Gilbert's method uses a charter based at the agen- chemical reagents for Jahn's work on psychic cy's Lewis Research to break the DNA molecules phenomena Center in Cleveland, into frag- to proceed is and he has brought concentrated on the ments, and Sanger's in developmental high-frequency, 20- employs an enzy- psycholo- gist Brenda to-30-gigahertz portion matic reaction in its Dunne to of the spectrum sequencing proce- work full time on the program. known as the Ka band. dure. In an interview Lower frequencies Dunne said that a 'Public Service growing number are fast approaching The Lasker Special of reputable saturation, and, says scientists, are becoming NASA's Donald K. Demerit, Award was presented active in "this Ka-band to Sir John Wilson, psychic research,' but that allocation is the last President of the International "the field potential opportunity Agency for as a whole is struggling for recognitiongitimate for significant new the Prevention of Blindness. a le science." capacity to be devel- 0 sA 0 p proved For elease 2001/03/26 : R CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0200080026-6 NOVEMBER 24,1979 359