Approved For Release 2001/03/26 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0200080040-0 - science Flnews APRIL 3,1976 VOL. 109, NO. 14,209-224 Approved For Release 2001103/26 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO020008 04 To T A BEYOND ECONOMIC MAN: A New Founda.- ' EX 130% tion for Microdeconomics-Harvey Leiben- 13ASIC FOOD CHEMISTRY-Frank A. Lee stein-Harvard U Pr, 1976, 310 p., diagrams, AVI Pub. Co, 1975, 430 p., diagrams, tables, $15. The author introduces modern psycho- $24 paper, $12. Undergraduate text, covers logical concepts to microtheory by using indi- the field from discussion of photosynthesis, BCX116 viduals instead of groups as his basic units cail,ohydrates, proteins, enzymes and lipids of study, aclclin@ an innovative central variable, to ti.itural colors, browning reactions, fermen- effort, the factor providing the sig- BOOKS is an editorial service for readers informa- tion. To order any book listed or any US. book in print please remit retail price, plus 250 handling charge for each book to BOOK ORDER SERVICE, Science News, 1719 N Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036. At) books sent postpaid. ADVANCES IN SLEEP RESEARCH, Vol. 2-Elliot D. Weitzman, M.D.-Spectrum (Halsted Pr), 1976, 236 p., illus., $20. Critical reviews of multidisciplinary research, ranging from discussion of neurophysiological sub- strates of the changes in respiration during sleep, to "dream detector" and comparison of laboratory and home dreams collected by REMP-awakending technique. THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF NORTH AMERICA-Dean Snow-Viking Pit, '1976, 272 p color plates, 175 photographs by WernW Forman, maps, chronologies, $18.95. Explores the cultural traditions, artifacts and sites of the various archaic and historical cul- tures that once inhabited the country, from Paleo-Indians of the Great Plains to Aleuts and Eskimos in the Arctic. 'Book "Publishing Manuscripts invited for ptorlipt review and tcrrn.@ of publication. All subjecls. Profewonal editing, design, production and tuarkeling since 1920. Send inquiry or iiianuscripi, or call (215) 473-5250. Ask for ticcAuthor's Guide BF. DORRANCI-` & COMPANY 35 ('Ticket I ceracc. Archnoi e. Ila. 19003 as most tatl(li and specific food products. nificant results. GAMES FOR RAINS, PLANES AND TRAINS-Gyles Brandeth-Greene, 1976, 126 p., illus., $7.95; paper, $4.25. Family games and brainteasers to keep young minds alert and occupied. SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS-Harriet Wynterand Anthony Turner-Scribner, 1976, 9x1 2, 240 p., 300 color and b&w photographs, $27.50. Provides illustrations and brief de- scriptions of antique instruments employed in astronomy, navigation, surveying and optics. THE STRESS OF LIFE-Hans Selye, M.D.- McGraw, 1976, rev. ed., 542 p., illus., $8.95. The author's original work on his research , response to findings of the body's nonspecific stress, called general adaptation syndrome l expanded and updated with new re- search findings, glossary and annotated ref- erences. AUTHORS WANTED BY NEW YORK PUBLISHER I,eading book publisher seeks manuscripts of all types: fiction, non-fiction, poetry, scholarly and juvenile works, etc. New authors welconned. For coniplete inforiariation, send for free booklet 1 8, Vantage Press, 516 W. 34 St., New York 10001 0 Electronic National 0 0 Introduct y or Pir k. Breakthrough IF Digital $4995 Stopwatch 105 sdirri- Quartz Controlled Accuracy - T Pocket Sized Convenience SlInconix, makers of the world's finest electronic stopwatches, has learned up with Contemporary Marketing to introduce their newest and most exciting stopwatch Friodel, the ET105. 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D Diste ay with Intensity Control - Spec a Bezel Design toiEl Charge my Creclit Card chocked below Fnhance fleadability Undu Al Ambient Light Condibons - T-ng to 5910 Arnerican Express BankAnnericard Color no notes 59.9 succors w in Automatic Recycle - Fail-Safe Do lEl Diners Clcb Maste,Chame B enche ,pasmn cat not be automatics ly reset - So id-Stato E ectranics Age Re.iiall ity - Quartz Crysta Comm led Accuracy @ 20 parts per" CrodtCamr lirne en 1/10 Second Increments - Stipple One Hand Operat@'@iII ionIMason ChangeBank Expirilion Date.-- Weght bo-Sue I'W' - Operating Jemperadone- 121 1No,., tol3~"F-lY(~a~ManLitac,turar'sWarraiily pals& abor -Nock Strap I and Long Life Batteries Included IAddress Call Toll Free immediately: Ctv--- State- Z,l, 800-323-2408 Somatune-_ (111. call: 312-595-0461) ContenifPcifar'y Marketing, Inc. 1 790 Maple Lane, Bensenville, Ill. 60106 or Release 2001/03/26 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0200080040-0 210 ENZYMES: Basic Biology Course, Book 7- Mi,.,:I)ael Tribe, Michael E. Eraut and Roger K. Snook-Cambridge U Pr, 1976, 8x12, 112 p., diacirams, $15.95; paper, $5.95. Individ- ual learning text on enzymes. INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCH 0 LOG Y-Francis Leukel-Mosby, 19/6, 3rd ed., 526 p., diagrams, $14,75. Un- der(Iraduate text for psychology majors, in- tended to develop understanding of physic- logical concepts in other specialized fields, clenis with the internal organization of lite, inteqlating and response systems, the senses, alif] adaptive behavior. THE MAMMALIAN ALIMENTARY SYSTEM: A I unctional Approach-David S. Madge- Airiold (Crane-Russak), 1976, 206 p., pho- tonlraphs, diagrams, $22.50; paper, $12.75. T,,xt summarizes the process of extracellular dkpastion and outlines progress made in un- dei-itanding intracellular digestion and transfer of food and water molecules in the Styr ill intestine. MATHEMATICS, THE MAN-MADE UNI- VERSE: An Introduction to the Spirit of Math- ennatics-Sherman K. Stein-W H Freeman, W;'6, 3rd ed., 588 p., illus., $12.50. Rewritten air, I modernized text includes new chapter on pi(ibability and chance phenomena. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-Norman L. Allinger e-, il-Worth, 1976, 2nd ed., 1024 p., illus., $ i, @.95. Tested and improved text, begins with tho structure of the main kinds of organic m0lecules, their physical properties, electron &,tribution and spectra, examines the reac- ti-ts these molecules undergo, covers or- g;mic synthesis and natural products. PATTERNS IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY: An -David M. Introduction to Numerical Methods S!iiith-Crane-Russak Co, 1976, 373 p., dia- qt;lms, tables, $12. Addressed to the intro- (it i Aory- level student and non-academic re.ider, demonstrates through illustration a wide range of commonly used numerical to, hniques. PHOTOSYNTHESIS: Basic Biology Course, [took 16-Michael A. Tribe, Michael R. Eraut Did Roger K. Snook-Cambridge U Pr, 1976, @ 12, 85 p., micrographs, diagrams, $13.95, 1c;iper, $4.95. Deals with the capture of light cilorgy from the sun by green plants, and the ii@.lnsformation of this into chemical energy. PI ANT CELL BIOLOGY: An Ultrasiructural Approach-Brian E. S. Gunning and Martin W. 0 -leer-Crane-Russalk, 1975, Bx12, 108 p., @,O micrographs, diagrams, paper, $8.95. Ex- (nIlent collection of fully captioned illustrations depicting the ultrastructure of plant cells, use- hil for classroom displays illustrating cell bio- helical topics. S I'RESS TRANSIENTS IN SOLIDS--John S I 0nehart-HyperDynamics, 1975, 230 p., dia- (liams, paper, $8.95. Text introduces the prin- ci!fles of propagation and interaction ol ;tresses generated by impacts and explo ;ions. UNDERSTANDING GENETICS-Norman V ll-ithwell-Williams & Wilkins, 1976, 500 p., pliotographs, drawings, diagrams, table-- '1; @ 4.95. Introductory text gives a solid foun il.ition in the basics of molecular genetics. SCIENCE NEWS, VOL. 109 Approved For Release 2001/03/26 SCEETKE MEMS A Science Service Publication Vol. 109/April 3, 1976/No. 14 incorporating Science News Letter OF THE WEEK Brand X laser 212 fusion Soviet electron-beam212 fusion Enzyme fly shrinker213 Silent quake energy213 Washington's new 214 Metro NSF gains in Congress215 Criticizing the 215 uncritical Ergotism, ergo, 215 witch hunts RESEARCH NOTES Technology 216 Space Sciences 217 ARTICLES Brain hemisphere functions 218 DEPARTMENTS Books 210 Letters 211 Oft the Beat: Toxin panic 221 COVER: The right hemisphere of the human brain is thought to play an important role in creativity intuition, art, music, spatial abilities and a numbe@ of other things. These findings are supported by various lines of research, including a study of the nuit Eskimos and their art. See story p. 218. (Col- lage: Dale Appleman) Publisher E. G. Sherburne Jr. Editor Kendrick Frazier Senior Editor and Physical Sciences Dietrick E. Thomsen Senior Editor and Behavioral Sciences Robert J. Trotter Biomedical Sciences Joan Arehart-Treichel Biology/Chemistry Janet L. Hopson Science and Society John H. Douglas Space Sciences Jonathan Eberhart Contributing Editor/ Mathematics Lynn Arthur Steen Copy Editor Michelle Galler Riegel Art Director Dale Appleman Assistant to the Editor Susan Strasburger Books Margit Friedrich Advertising Scherago Associates, Inc. 11 W. 42nd St. New York, N.Y. 10036 Fred W. Dieffenbach Sales Director Go yright (c) 1976 by Science Service, Inc 1719 N @t., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036. Republication of any portion of SCIENCE NEWS is prohibited . Editorial and Business Offices 1719 N Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 Subscription Department 231 West Center Street Marion, Ohio 43302 Subscription rate: 1 yr., $110; 2 yrs., $18; 3 yrs., $25 (Add $2 a year for Canada and Mexico, $3 for all other countries.) Change of address: Four to six weeks' notice is required. Please state exactly how magazine is to be addressed. Include zip code. Printed in U.S.A. Second class postage paid at Washington, D.C. Title registered as trademark U.S. and Canadian Patent Offices. CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0200080040-0 increasingb, wider segments of the POPUla- teenager grapple, vcring sux vith the inescapable need for perspective IIld wisdom necessary for the '41' tion spectr ,uni seek more than superficial undcrstandim, of the corriplexilies of today's society, of ,-,Inch technology is a significant disco like it fraction, llik-, logical and s ilional integration of their new found knov -dge. But 111C h: juan frailties that frighten Our intcItectuall _tdoIesccnI observers are, lin t'ortunatclv annipresent and call be found both in file @,ndernncr and the condcril This is c@,idcriccd by Riley's comment," where he n,kocales ennotional outcry at the expense of miclIectual infcgrily and Cohen's inference ill 11 data are not important Ili crLl cial decisiot, .. These oh,,,iously intelligent and well meaning pc file cannot really itican what they say. A--- they not both victims of our most ancicill and prevalent human frailty that the end @LISIUICS the means --that distor tion and ut,ji objectivity are -A-0K- so Paul 1'. Sipiera long as Ih, . satisfy their personal set of Department ol Geology values? Sh.mic, Shame! Aurora College This sort A fuzzy thinking oil file part of Aurora : ill. arnatcur cor,iders in the inicist of ex1reinely complicated technology is the very reasoll We IIIUSI li;-@ Douglas's "honestly cictined Moon rocks at school 1 would like to add my conin-lents to Jonathan Fberharl's article "Moon Rocks Go to School" (SN: 4/26/75, p. 276), since 1 have just completed participation in this program. I congratulate NASA on this pro- gram to make available lunar materials for Study ,it the public level. 'rhC use 01 these thin sections provided iny students the op portunity to compare lunar nrimetalogy with that found in terrestrial rocks. The compari- sons were striking, and the overall interest generated in my students cannot be dupli- cated by the best (if color slides. By making these specimens available for public study. NASA has truly brought the moon home to the people. Acronymania 'I'he term "Acronymania'' (SN: 1/31/76, 1). 67) most appropriately describes the affliction, common arriong management oriented personnel in government, private industry, and civic organizations, that is responsible for the disturbing proliferation of acronym production. Something ought to be done to curb this distressing malady. Perhaps thought should be given to forming a National Association to Undertake file Systematic 11irnination of Acronymania. S. 0- Nelson Vint oln, Nei). Ongoing debate and cleady I,iesented" fact in the resolution of any tcchii, -logically based issue. P- I Grindrod, l1h.D., Ch.E., P.h. Modimn, Wis. 1,eft hand of life The arti( k ''Physics and the I,elt Hand ()f Life" (Sl` 1 1/29/75, p. -140) is somewhat misleading .1aincly, a relationship between the "left 11. Id Of' h4c" and the "Ieft-lian dcdncss of veak interactions" hits been proposed a:. carly as 1957 by Vester and Ulbricht. Tl-ugh they obtained no unequiv- ocal result,, to prove their hypothesis, LjLlitC a few paPL-l' havc been published in the past several ycai- furnishing evidence that t3 I and [3 pai @ I( les interact differently with 1, and 1) niolc, siles. Ili order it) unt-leistand this differential Interaction, a model has been proposed @i, -ording to which the orbital electrons ill plically active molecules havc a non-zero !,pin-polarization with respect to their Vel()Cllr, The contribution of weak in teractions 1,, the binding energy of 1. and 1) 1110leCilIL' has been calculated too I If) 12 eV). John Douglas's articles on -Thc Great Nuclear Power Debate" Will unquestionably be recorded by hisiory as one of the finest, fairest atterripts to get at the lacts in this emotionally warped technological issue. 'rhe hysterical allegations condemning nuclear energy cannot be borne Out by care- fully analyzed [act and stern from our basic societal problein today fear of the un known coupled with a distorted distrust of government and industry. The Riley and Colien comments of Feb. 14 are but ar@ example of this pervading problem. This phenomenon of Our times is triggered by naive recognition of and childish disallu- sionn-icin with organization, institution WId establishment containing elements of human frailly. These frailties have always been present and probably always will be. As A. S. Garay Cvclolron IuStit[4111 'I'exus AA:M [Jniversitv College Stution, Tev. Addres, , ommunworioni ro 1@'liror, S( iepi( e 1719 N Street, N. W@ W, -,hington, 1),(' 2(X)-?O SCIENCE SERVICE Institution for the Popularization of Science founded 1921 a nonprohl corporation Board of Trustees--Nominated by the AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE: Deborah P. Wolfe, Queens College of City University of New York, Bowen C. Dees, The Franklin Institute; Athelstan Spilhaus, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Nominated by the NA TIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCE& Gerald F. Tape, Associated Universities, Allen V. Astin, Bethesda, Md., Glenn T. Seabort (President), University of California, Berkeley. Nominated by the NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCILi erald Holton, Harvard University; Joseph W Berg Jr., National Research Council, Aaron Rosenthal, National Academy of Sciences. Nominated by the JOURNALISTIC PROFESSION. Edward Bliss Jr., American University@ Julius Duscha, Wasi Journalism Center, 0. W. Riegel (Secretary), Washington and Lee University. Nominated by E. W. Scripps Trust@ Milton Harris (Treasurer), Washington, D.C., Edward W. Scripps 11 (Vice President and Chairma.,, t)f the Executive Committee), Edward W. Scripps Trust, John Troan, Pittsburgh Press. Published every Saturday by SCIENCE SERVICE Inc., 1719 N St., i Washington, D.C. 20036: Director: E. G. Sherburne Jr., Assistant Director Dorothy Schriver, Nraness Manager Donald R. Harless, (202-785-2255). Cable SCIENSERV. Telex 64227. Things of Science: R b Y h'oka u 6 ~s'IA-RDP96-00787ROO0200080040-0 Approved For Release 2001/03/2 . C APRIL 3,1976 211 Approved For Release 2001/03/26 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0200080040-0 SCH34M PUNS OF THE WEEK 0 4 9 Laser Fusiowe Toward BrayO X In roughly three years, the idea of laser fusion has grown from a germ of specula- tion, discussed only by a few specialists, to a heavy-weight contender of "big science"--- with a proposed budget of just over $100 million for next year and a small army of engineers talking about ''milestones" and "systems ap- proaches." Both topics were widely dis- cusscd last week at a joint technical sym- posium of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers and the Society of Photographic Scientists and Engineers, in Reston, Va. Perhaps more important was analysis of the impact a new lasing technique may have on producing a workable fusion system. The "milestones" of laser fusion were set forth by John D. Hunsuck, project director for the Energy Research and De- velopment Administration (F 'RDA). He predicts "scientific breakeven" (fusion energy out equal to laser energy in) by 1981-82 and an operating test system by the late 1980s. A demonstration plant may be completed by the mid- 1990s, he said, but the final thrust to such a practical system will be "a long, hard haul." At that point, the main concern may be how to find materials capable of withstanding the intense neutron flux that results from fusion. Bcfore any of the milestones beyond scientific breakeven can be reached, how- ever, a fundamental change must occur away from present experimental sys- tems--the corribination of lasers and tar- get pellets being used today cannot simply be scaled up to higher power levels. This realization has led some experts to specu- late on the need for a high-powered "Brand X" laser, probably radiating in the visible spectrum rather than in the infrared as in today's experimental de- vices. This speculation was discussed at the Reston conference by W.F. Krupke of' Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. According to the Brand X theory, the simple spbcrical target pellets now in common use would have to be compressed by some as yet undiscovered laser that could achieve 10 percent energy cifi- ciency at around 0.5 microns (green light). Krupke, however, points to an al- ternative stratagem. He says more com- plex targets might ease the restrictions to allow use of an infrared laser (1.0 to 2.0 microns) with an efficiency as low as I percent. (Long wavelength photons of in- frared light are inherently less energetic and capable of compressing a pellet than the photons of visible light.) Complex pellets, containing multiple layers and heavy elements in addition to the fusion reactants, have already ap- parently found increasing use (SN: Approved For Release @7irror m(rror PGH laser a7 @G _F@ electron bec7ir, Dc7rtia( e -1a se r 4-MirrOr 3 tal i;@C,171 1. Part rn mirror An RGH laser pumps iodine laser: Similar combinwrons may lead to fusion system. 6/14/75, p. 384). Now, within the last few just no - in progress- -but the new tech months, a new type of laser has been niqUC ,.is already opened several new developed that may aid the search lor avcriu( of approach. In an interview. Brand X. It is the rare gas-halogen (RGH) Krupk,. said of the RGH lasers: "it looks laser, which radiates in the ultraviolet and like thc-,, will have a major impact oil the can be used to pump other lasers to pro- laser 01111MUnity, both in isotope separa- duce desired wavelengths in either the tion and in fusion." He estimated that in visible or infrared spectrum. (Brand X pcrhap,, as little as two years, a decision would almost certainly be a flowing gas can b,- inade on what combination of' laser, to remove heat generated.) targev., ind lasers to use in future power- So-called rare gases (krypton, argon, genenoing fusion reactors. etc.) do not ordinarily form any chemical Mcat,whilc, in the corridors, talk turned COMPOUDds, but when their atoms absorb to what the Soviet Union is Lip to in this energy they can form loose molecules field. .,"@dministration of the Russian laser with the very reactive atoms of the halo- fusion program has reportedly shifted gen gases (fluorine, chlorine, etc.). To from ; pure research institute into the create these energetically excited states, USSR 4-qUivalent Of FRDA, and communi- the reactants arc bombarded with an elec- cation @)n the subject- once quite Open tron beam in the presence of a third gas, - ha,, uddenly grown quiet. Speculated which helps transfer the energy. Once one l,nowledgeable scientist: " F ither formed, the new molecules (say, KrF) they'v, I ound out how to do it, or they've quickly dissociate again, releasing energy run wil, @ trouble." (in this case, ultraviolet light of' 0.25 mi- crons). The dissociation is so fast tliat not Electron beam fusion: enough energy can apparently be stored by RG11 lasers for use directly in causing Soviets claim advance fusion, so the ultraviolet light is used instead to "purrip" a laser of some other Ahli.)ugh the Soviets are extremely material. One of the first materials that close mouthed (and close with their type- appeared to have the right combination of writcj@ too) about their progress in con- properties (to be pumped by an RG11 laser trolled ihermonuclear f Usion research, oc - and in turn to lase at approximately the casion.illy something surfaces that gives right wavelength) was iodine, which emits a bit A an idea of what approaches they light in the "near" infrared ( 1.3 microns). are into Several laboratories are now exploring On,-- @.uch avenue that they have chosen this laser combination, but an even more to tolh)w is a variant offshoot of the promising set-up appears to be emerging. laser hision idea in which beams of ac- Calculations show that if an RGH laser can celeniwd electrons instead of laser light be used to pump the vaporized atoms of are usk-d to implode the target pellets. '['his certain "rare earth" elements (say, ter- idea was taken up because it seems it bium), they should lase right in the middle might he able to get around some of the of' the visible spectrum (in this case, difficidtics that are beginning to appear in green). the lascr-fusion business. (it seems easier It is still too early to tell whether an to couple the electron energy into the RGH-pumped rare earth,laser will turn out target,, and the targets can be larger.) to be Brand X--the first experiments are Both ilie United States and the Soviet 2001/03/26 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0200080040-0 212 SCIENCE NEWS, VOL. 109 Approved For Release 2001/03/26 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0200080040-0 I Inion are energetically pursuing laser fu - sion, and at the same tinle both have taken Miniaturizing flies with membrane leaks tip clection-bearri work, Now, workers at the Kurchatov Institute in Moscow, where Soviet fusion work of' all kinds seems to be concentrated, have claimed all irnpor- tant advance in c1cciron-bcam fusion ex- periments. The report came not in a scientific jour- nal, but in all article in the March 10 Pravda written in connection with the 25th The article Communist party Congress. dealt mostly with other thermonuclear in- sion experiments underway at the Kur- cliatov Institute (notably tokamaks) but devoted one parag1raph to the electron- bcarn work. The paragraph claimed the achievement of some fusions. It said electron bcairis had compressed fuel pellets containing deuterium to 100 times then- original (]ell- sity. The crushing raised the tcmpcra(urc of the fucl to nearly I I million degrees K. The reaction gave oil more than a million neutrons, which the Russian physicists claim as evidence that I'LlSions actually took place in the Fuel. I'he number of' neutrons, if in fact they (to come front fusions, is still a long way from what is necessary for a practical device producing Useful energy, but the achievement is a significant step, in the opinion of Gerold Yonas of' Sandia 1-a- boratorics in Albuquerque, who heads the American program in electron bearn work. On receiving the Pravda report, Yonas telephoned the leader of' the Soviet group, Lcorfid 1. Rudakov, to determine whelher the report was accurate, lo offer his congratulations it so, and to seek fur- flier information. He was assured that the report was correct, offered his collgrat- Ulations and got no ftirther iril'ormation. What Yonas was especially interested in was the diagnostic methods used at the Kurchatov Institute to determine what happened ill the imploded l'ue[ pellets. There are a number of possible sources of neutrons in such events, and it takes delicate methods to be Sure that the nCU- trons seen are really those thrown of] as Thrcc California biologists have disco- vered all enzyme t'rom bee venom that can cause Fruit Ily larvae to grow up tiny. 'rhe miniaturizing effect is due to the enzyme's action on cell nicrnbrancs@ it causes them to leak. Although this fly "shrinking" phenomenon can carry the imagination oil to science fiction scenarios, the enzyme will be mainly a too[ for basic membrane research. Sadly, For those inclined to wonder about such applications, it won't be at all usctul for shrinking overweight hurnarts. Cell biologists Peter 11. 1,owy, Herschel K. Mitchell and Ursula W. Tracy of' Cali- fornia Institute of Technology report the leak phenomenon in the April issue of, FOXICON. Lowy and Mitchell discovered the in i niaturi zing enzyme purely by acci- (tent five years ago. They were studying a bee vcnom enzyme that causes biOlOgi- cal molecules to break down. They in- jectcd a control group of' trUit fly larvae with a different venoin enzyme. TO then- ainazernent, they l'ound that the injected larvae hatched into perfect, miniature adults that produce a second generation of' norinal-sized flies. The team has since studied the action of this enzyme, which is called phospholipase A-2, and can now state that it causes permeability changcs---leaking. In order to determine the inodc of ac- tion, the team immersed human cancer cells (HeL.a cells), red blood cells and mitochondria (metabolic organelIcs) into weak solutions of phospholipase A-2. The enzyme has no apparent effcct on the red blood cells, but it attaches to liel-a and rnitochondrial membranes and causes them both to leak. Mitochondria have a double membrane, and the inner layer allows larger than nonrial molecules to pass through in the presence of phos- phol ipase A-2. The I feLa cells accumulate lipid droplets. This is due either to a change in membrane permeability or to a release of' lipids within the cell, the tearn normal ink,mbrane regulation. As lot miniaturizing overweight humans, N! ichcl I i eplics to the somewhat facetious wstion, "the enzymes WOUld be usclcs@ tit Fact, worse than useless." The ciizvi -s will arrest the growth of' insects ill x-crtain stage of development, but "if @ui @rganism is a1rcady big, there is no rea, t believe it will get smaller. .1)it Besides . oil just wouldn't want to do this to a I, ,oil. The change in his nicin- branes mi@ -i cause him to stop eating, but he also ii. 'it stop breathing. Breathing is a function, too." I I The Itidden energy of silent quakes it's @tlri ist as though violent earth- quakes, \\ -,It then rumblings and sudden upheavals ire just diversionary tactics. Accordirip to geophysicist Hiroo Kana- niori of 11), California Institute of Tech- nology, i : ich of the real, large-scale carth-mo, @ii!, along the faults and trenches surroundi; the Pacific basin seems to reveal ut:@t only in slow, ponderous -si- lent carlhil;iakes," whose seismic waves don't evei ;how Lip in the ineas Lire rrients used to r; ! quakes oil the Richter scale. Kananw Cs research was reported this week ill n, international symposium con- ducted b@ 'olumbia University at Arden [louse in ow York, in honor of' the late Miturice I ing, whose narrie is associated with inat, of the great discoveries in marine o.4 physics in the last 30 years. His linthiigs are based oil it study of the "repeat -the time between pcriods of heavy @Iuakcs- 4or the various earth- quake zoilt s around the basin. His find- ings, coul:@wd with plate tectonic theory, suggest it. it the major recorded quakes have not 1, -it sufficient to account for all or even w @st of the earth movement that plate-nioll-il studies indicate has hcen excess when two nuclei Suggests. taking pk@, @ I'LISC, and not the result Of SO111C other I'lle miniaturizing effectsOil IN oast of Japan, process. Rudakov oil fruit fly for cxampIc, would not describe the larvae are probably a where thL Pacific crustal diagnostic result of' membrane plate is said to methods, but referred permeability changes, be thrusfi%,,I@ under Yonas to a forth- too, Mitchell says. the Asiatic plate, the coming scientific publicationInsect larvae are essentiallyrepeat fin)@ by Kanarnori's in an unspe- eating ina- calculations, cified journal at an clunes, but Fruit fly is about If ,) years. unspecified date. larvac injected with (The entire subduction The American program phosphohpase A-2 don't zone brol, within the has so I'ar suc- eat at all. When last 25 years, while ceedcd in crushing dummythey metamorphize, theretile previi@ is sequence Pellets bill has is just too little of breaks was be- yet to experiment with larval tissue to create tween 18 1 and 1900.) targets filled with i'ull-sizcd adults. Fach major quake The insects' lethargy ;ic says, involved a fuel, which in (his caseis probably due to relative slip will be a Mixture i, sequence of deuterium and tritiurn.muscle and nerve dysfunctionbetween 0,k- plates of' The American resulting 6 to 9 feet, yet the effort, as described from leaky membranes. Pacific advances bcricath by Yonas's colleague the Asiatic M. J. Clauser at a meetingPhospholipase A-2 in plate alum- 30 feet every last fall, uses bee venom and 100 years. The ,electrons of' 100 millionits counterpart in cobraofillerenct Kanamori clectron-volt ell- and iattlesnakc concludes, must be ergy and protons of' venoin secins structurallydue to slippage without 10 million electron- similar to the the accompanying volts to irradiate tile phospholipase present ground sh -king. In other targets. What the in normal cell words, the silent energy of' the Soviet membranes. This similarityquakes. electron beams may Suggests, be is not known, nor Mitchell says, that nornialThe sc, inic waves of have they said cell phos- the silent quakes whether they are also pholipase may have a as Kananii@ii defines trying protons or Lilly permeability regu- them are those with of the other ions that lating function. The periods , 1 300 seconds have been sug- bee venom enzyme or more @@Cstecl. should be a useful too] A J'or I d ' ill t f'r d F C111C4 - that is, of' R 12 cvcICS pet hour l sR"61PIlb6~ lOO7c8c~R000200080040 2001/03/26 CIA 0 - - - or e ease : pprove APRIL 3,1976 213 Approved For Release 2001/03/26 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0200080040-0 arid lower. The commonlyI 000-year repeat time closed a task that once monitored is correct. The San took tip to 40 waves of' higher frequenciesAndreas fault in CaliforniaiiiinLitl:'. (Heavy loads are usually also shows apparently buckle produced, according gradual, non-quake-relatedthe c@!j . just enough to plate tectonics creep, but the to jam the doors.) theorists, when the repeat time for quakes '['he , @!s have carpeting, relative plate move- along the fault is plush, two- nients somehow stick, not known, says Kanamori,inch If, wk padded seats releasing the ten- so the "silent (though some will sion in jcrky spasms. quake" theory cannot have - be replaced because The smoother yet be evaluated, of' potential movements produce the One of the major implicationstire h:i ard), year-round low-frequcncy of' Kana- air conditioning waves. inori's work is for predictions(whioi dso needs to K-, of tsunami, tinkered with) and Further evidence in or tidal waves. Sometimes,steel @\ heels well suspended Japan shows up . in he says, a for a smooth, measurements by Caltechquake can appear small silent : ide (though geophysicist on the Richter the brakes must be Kunihiko Shimazaki, scale, which incorporatesadju,,i, I so they dont who has found that only higher- jam under heavy crustal tilting and frequency measurements, loads) Most problems lifting in northern yet have a total had been worked Japan can account for only energy that is very large.out b@ I ie I i me the 20 percent of the An 1896 quake first paying passengers known plate slip. Somehow,at Sanriku, Japan, for rode (- Monday, in numbers he believes, example, produced twice as high the Pacific plate is only minor shaking, but as exlu Cted. creeping under the it was accom- Asiatic one without pained by one of the Undrrground stations deforming. most devastating are built inside Oil' the Alaskan coast,tsunami ever to strike long, ontinuous arches, the repeat time the country. Rcali- indented like is not definitely known,zation of the danger wrap @iiound wallies although ISM of low-frequency, tor noise suppres- years has been suggested,"si[ent" quakes, Kanamorisiou- I'latforms are during which says, should set away from walls time plate subduction be incorporated into to pit-vent vandalism amounts to about tsunami warning sys- and have been 120 feet. The Alaskan tems, which at present clearco of pillars and quake of' 1964 are based largely hiding places that involved 30 to 60 feet on Richter-type measurementscould invite muggers, of' displacement, of earth- The whole ellect, only a fourth to a halfquake magnitude. in the words of one architecture of the total if' the critic, is a scit ne kind of beauty." To @ @!t down noise to Washington's era of Metro begins surrounding areas, track@ long some segments are supported f pass- on paw. 1hat absorb the vibration o U ing li,@!ns. Tracks are also welded, so 13 iticrc i no - c[ ickity- clack." In partiCLI- 4 larly -,, nsitive areas, the whole concrete track ptatforin is suspcrided to keep noise from (hilurbing people in buildings above. Insid( The subway cars, sound levels are about 'he same as in a good automobile, exccp( lor moaning brakes. Ali, tdy one can begin to see improve mew in neighborhoods bordering on prosp"@ tive Metro lines, and the system is ev( i)lually expected to return $3 For every @ I invested, including increased propcitv taxes. (In Toronto, a 4.5-mile systcul costing only $67 million sparkcd a $10 hillion building program.) But the overall impact of Metro on the life of the con][111111ity will depend on how much of the li@ posed system is eventually fin- ished \t present, about half' the planned 99.8 mle system is under construction or Spacious stations, coinfqrfable rides grecled compkied, including 42 Washington Metro's first passengers. of' 87 proposed statioii . When ground was broken in 1969 for suburbs and Coit,inuters can begin high transit ridership. to take advantage beginning construction oil Washington, The initialof lli@ new rapid transit-- fine----less than five percent supposedly D.C.'s, metropolitan rapid transit system, of about iour times faster the projected system -- will hardly make than a taxi by Metro, then-Prcsident Nixon expressed a a dent driviit,,@ to the only in the life of' the capital, but Metro above-ground station common hope of planners trying to s1cm officialsalong, !hc new line. hope that its very attractivencss There a parking lot decay of the nation's capital: "More than and and "liss and ridc" area success will spur local governments (drop-off point a subway will begin . . . a city will begin for cimimuters) have to raise the money needed to complete the been providcd@ later to renew itself', a metropolitan area to pull a complete rerouting rest. Estimated costs have soared from of bus lines will itself logethcr." Thus, with the opening $2.5 provi, 1, an integrated billion at the start to $4.67 billion system of' arca-wide this week of' the first 4.6-mile segment of transpt@itafion. The currently. Some suburban governments next section of line is Metro, one of the boldest urban renewal are schc(hiled to open next considering pulling out of the cooper- year, which will experiments ever attempted got underway. ativc incluth service to National ellort, construction is limping along Airport. The urgent need for something to hall on fedcralMc:inwhile, this summer's funds left over from highway expected the spread of' squalor has long been ap- projects,flood 1A tourists may and overall progress has been not find Metro too parent. A Study of' the Metro idea, con- held helplid As they board up by strikes, storins, management at the Union Sta- ducted by Development Research Asso- problems tion Hwentennial Center, and lawsuits. the new line can ciates, concluded that Washington might Despiteonlv 1.ike them into inevitable start-up problems, 11 nondescript North- benefit more from such a project than any openingeast r( ighborhood or clay was generally a Success, with across to the bUStlin" other metropolitan area in the United more thanconunk-rcial district- 50,0(X) people showing up for bypassing the Mall States. The report showed the city to be free and popular monuments. rides. They were treated to the I astest, Still, come July, "ideally suited for rapid rail transit," with Mort, may be one of the most comfortable journey in town -once satest, most a stron downtown, rjPhvc@ cimsact t Lcb ild wel all-JUL d & t n Approved or e e 00W dsdd: CIA-RD066-6 M160`100&6db -0 214 SCIENCE NEWS, VOL. 109 Approved For Release 2001/03/26 NSF faring better Ixacts" of NSF. Opponents such authority already resides in Congress pointed oversight committees allow individuals to essentially Congressional supporters of the Na- tional Science Foundation were caught by Surprise last year by the onslaught of crit- icism that first surfaced as charges of sponsoring "silly" research (SN: 3/15/75, p. 165) and eventually led to passage of the so-called ''Bauman amendment," which would have required prior Congressional approval of all NsF grants (SN: 4/19/75, p. 253). After a long, tedious summer of debate, the amendment was finally defeated (SN: 8/9/75, p. 87), following elimination of some controversial programs. This year, the defenders were better prepared. At the heart of the controversy is dis- satisfaction among some conservatives over the choice of specific projects for funding--especially programs in the so- cial sciences that appear to them to have it liberal bias. Leading the opposition has been Rep. John B. Conlan (R-Ariz.). Last week Conlan offered an amendment cut- ting all funds ($1.4 million) for pre- college curriculum development, testing and evaluation. (No funds had been pro- posed for course implementation, pending further NSF reorganization.) Two ongoing projects would be af- fected by the March 25 proposal: the Individualized Science Instruction System (ISIS), a set of minicourses on the physical sciences; and the Human Sciences Pro- grain (HSP), a social science series for the middle grades. Conlan charged ISIS would give "unfair advantage in the commercial marketplace" to the company chosen to market it. As for HSP, lie called it "a sophisticated and lethal assault on Judaic-Christian family values, privacy of students and their families, and the mental health and developments of young ado- lescents. " By instructing youngsters to interview family and friends and discuss their attitudes in class, HSP would "turn classrooms into gigantic gossip mills where everyone's personal attitudes and behavior are recorded in school files for open discussion and dissemination. " Supporters of the original authoriza- tion argued Isis was being turned over to a private company in accordance with long-c stabI i shed procedure, through com- petitive bidding. They responded to criti- CiSM Of HSI' with a detailed analysis of the course objectives and the favorable report of a broadly based review commit- tee. Apparently convinced, the House de- feated Conlan's amendment, 232 to 160. A new amendment by Rep. Robert E. 1f;turnan (R-Md.) was similarly ispatched. Rather than again asking that @very grant he subjected to prior congres- -,ional review, he proposed that individual Congressmen should have the authority to demand documentation relating to all : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0200080040-0 argued that in the ap - and that to conduct private investigations of Nsi, not only would disrupt its operation but also would probably be unconstitutional. The amend- ment was defeated, 257 to 136. The House action left NSF with authori- zation to spend $811 million in fiscal 1977--about $1 million less than the President had requested but still up 11 percent over last year. Some $9 million has been cut from the originally proposed research budget and added to the science education budget. Speaking for the Science and Technology Committee, Chairman Olin E. Teague (D-Tex.) and Rep. James W. Symington (D-Mo.) said the revised budget would still stem the downward trend in support of basic re- search (now some 20 percent below 1967 levels, in terms of purchasing power) and demonstrate the committee's concern over recent indications that Americans are be- coming "illiterate" in technical matters. In the Senate, however, Sen. Edward M. Kennedy (D-Mass.) is proposing a total NSF budget increase to $851.4 mil- lion. His bill would provide funds for both curriculum development and implementa- tion, new aid to science students and in- tensified efforts to increase women and minorities in science. Thus, NSF has ap- parently weathered its year-long congrcs- sional crisis and may even be in line for new support as a result of a perceived decline in national science literacy. El Witchcraft in Salem: The first arrests were made in February, and by June the jails for miles around were crowded with prisoners awaiting trial. By September, 19 men and women had been sent to the gallows, and one man had been pressed to death. This grisly chain of events, generally known as the Salem Witch Trials, shook Massachusetts in 1692. But not until now has there been a comprehensive explanation of what may have caused the witch hunt. According to Linnda R. Caporael of the University of California at Santa Barbara, it was not Satan but ergot, a fungus with I.SD-like properties, that bewitched eight young Salem girls. In December 1691, the eight girls were all afnicted with unknown "distempers." Their behavior was characterized by dis- orderly speech, odd postures and gestures and convulsive fits. Local physicians could find no explanation for the illness, but in February, one doctor finally sug- gested that the girls might be bewitched. Shortly thereafter, explains Caporael in the April 2 SCIENCE, the girls made accu- sations of witchcraft against several women in the village. A flood of accusa- tions followed. Quote of the week In the cmw.t of what may be his last debate on an r,-- &- appropriations bill (see accompanying irticle), Rep. Charles A. Mosher (R-OhLo), the retiring ranking minority nicinh-cr of the House Science and Technoloi2 Committee, rose to reply to media repow, about "silly" research. A reporter, cdoor and publisher for 34 years before @iitering politics, Mosher spoke "an indictment of my own news profession" it:. he condemned uncritical publication of i list of funny Sounding grants. "The fact that the news media, hun- drcds of colitot throughout the country, picked up thaT list from a propaganda source and pul,lished it without question- ing the facts Ix-iind it is, to me, a supreme example of' im-sponsibility and dcma- goguery on thc part of some lazy newspa- per editors and lazy reporters. . . . Any editor worth hr. salt would at Icast invcs- figate the vididily of that list before he published it. " lie defendco specifically two research projects now ..iking a drubbing in the Zn press: a studv I how men get distracted by girl-watchiiw while driving and a proj- ect involving ; it copulation, which has already gone (,,i nine years. The first, he noted, is only )ne small part of a large study of hurnai, iggression; the latter may provide "the 1) isis for the eradication of this scourge of its which has bcsct human beings now foi --enturies." L A fungus in the rye- ghastly going, )n in Salem have failed. Fraud, potiti( -. Freudian psychodyna- mics, clinical h -, steria and even the exist- ence of witclict it t have all been proposed, but no one explanation has been able to account for all of the facts as well as Caporael's crp@i hypothesis does. E'rgot grow@- )n rye, a well -establ ishcol cereal crop in I ith-century New Frigland, and ergotism (I)ng-term ergot Poisoning) was once it c(linincin condition resulting from eating co,iiaminated ryc bread. The symptoms of , ti-,ofism include crawling sensations of Flic skin, tingling in the fingers, vertigt, buzzing in the ears, hal- lucinations an@@ convulsions. All these symptoms wct, mentioned in the trials and blamed on ,vitchcraft. Caporael's rc- search points )@a that growing conditions were lavorablt lor ergot just prior to the outbreak, and fliat the girls could easily have eaten coi,farninated bread (with 10 percent the act'vity of 1,sr)). "The utino,@@ caution is necessary in assessing the ithysical and mental slates of' people dcao lor hundreds of years," Caporacl warw but her physiological cx- planation cerliwily answers more ques- tions than doe!. @-ithcr demonic possession I . ...aclivities, pro@_,rams granta po c Repeaied I t WA - the- Approve r(kelease 2001YM6 d ' DFY96'-b69Yk000200080040-0 AFRIL 3,1976 215 Approved For Release 2001/03/26 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0200080040-0 d@fty TECMOLO%IT From our reporter at the synipositan of the SocietY of Photo- Optical Instrumenlation Engineers und the Society of Pho- lographic Scientists and Engineers at Reston, Va. State of a burgeoning art Time was when sorne physics teachers steered their Students away from optics "because nothing ever happens" in that venerable field. The coming of the laser began to change all that. Now there is hardly any field in which new discoveries follow each other more quickly or more swiftly move from the laboratory to the commercial production line. And among many new s ubspecial ties, none, perhaps, is changing faster than the field of fiber and integrated optics, which promises to revolu- tionize communications (SN: 7/19/75, p. 44 and 7/26/75, p- 60). All the specific elements for integrated optical circuits have now apparently been demonstrated individually. What remains is the difficult task of developing new techniques for growing the complex "chips" to combine them all, and of finding reliable ways of' connecting them to fibers. Specifically, a (hin-filin laser has apparently been developed (o the point (hat it is expected to be commercially available soon frorn a Japanese firin. What will be perhaps the first demonstration of a complete optical circuit in the United States is expected in 1978-79, when the Navy finishes a billion-bit-per-second data network at its F'IeCtTonics Laboratory Center. Simpler applications of existing optical coin inunications sys- terns are rapidly gaining acceptance. In Japan, a power company has reportedly installed two separate optical networks, with fibers that can be strung near high-voltage electrical lines without Suffering interference. This July the U.S. Navy is scheduled to demonstrate an aircraft in which 1,890 lect of wire has been replaced by 224 feet of optical fibers ----weighing only one-four- teenth as much, at a system cost of $60,(X)O less. An experi- mental optical telephone system is operating in Atlanta. In Dorset, England, a police station has been outfitted with an optical communications system. In interviews with SCIF.Nci@ NEws several scientists expressed concern over a growing lag in American industry application of' this new technology, which essentially Originated in the United States. As one put it: "Japan is pulling ahead of us in optical devices the same way they (lid in transistors." Fighting fire with FLIR Two major obstacles to more effectively fighting wildfires have been how to find "hot spots" where no flame is showing and how to use aircraft at night, when calmer wind, lower temperature and higher humidity make the going much easier. Herbert J. Shields of the U.S. Forest Service's Equipment Development Center reported on a successful two-year experi- merit aimed at adapting sophisticated military avionics equip- inent to solve the problem. l'irst came the recently declassified night Vision goggle (NV(;), weighing less than two Pounds and worn continuously by a helicopter pilot to see well enough to fly with only partial moonlight. The first successful demonstration of night fire sup- pression using the NVf; occurred on August 28-29, 1974, in San Bernardino National Forest. The project became fully operational in Southern California in 1975. Several successful search and rescue operations at night were also made possible by the goggles. Late last year, ail infrared detector was added, whose output was displayed on a television screen inside the cockpit and recorded for later reference. Called FIAR -forward looking in- trared -the device was developed for seeking out an enemy Approved For Release 2001/03/26 : C',IA-R'DP96-00787ROO020008004 216 at night and got its nainc h( cause it was designed for installation in the nose of a plane. Inittal trials demonsirated its importance dramatically: A week aflc@ major fires in the Angeles National Forest, last November, Lt @ 1AR equipped helicopter discovcred several areas of glowing i,i).@icrial that had crossed control lines, ready to kindle a new conilagration. Shields says the Use of Nv(; and i;i,iR in land management is just beginning. Research into the habits of' nocturnal aninials is likely to be an early @tdditional application. Already N,,,(;'S have been used to catch people using the cover of darkness to poach trees for ChristulAs. Help for night blindness At a price of over $ I M), night vision goggles are still too expensive to help the @itimated 100,0(X) to 200,M) people in the United States that uffer from retinifis pignientosa an inherited disease whose tiist symptom is night blindness. A number of companies ha,, tried to produce cheaper versions- the latest is a device anrio.inccd at the Reston meeting by IT'I , Electro Optical Products I Iivision. The so-called Night Vision Aid was developed by Jai:ics 11. Burbo of ITT in conjunction with the National Retinin! Pigmciitosa Foundation. It sells for around $3,5(X). Light amplification did i@ 1 need to be as great as that required in the military prototype Mus the final product is extremely light weight, has a rechai ,,,-able battery, lits in the palin of the hand and has the li,,,ht set at the factory accordino to (lie doctor's prescription. A - iall lipht-cryfitting diode is attached to allow a patient to sc@i! h for keys, and so forlh, in total darkness. Because of the relative! , low price, othcr users arc expected to quickly enter the niai!,ct. The Forest Service and some security companies have ;J,cady begun to ',how interest- Bulbo told Scwtscr, NEws he hc.@-s the price can come do"vii another factor of' two as prodUCIW' picks up. Finding fish by the glow One of the most LHILISWA ipplications of image intensificanon devices was described by '-villiarn Dyer of Baird-Atoinic, Inc. His company was asked !,, commercial fishermen to develop an instrument that could @,oot schools of fish at night, from ail airplane, by detecting th( taint glow of bioluininescent otga nisms excited by the pas@,@i,_,,c of the fish. The problem turned ow it) be not so much one of scrising the faint glow as discrini) afing it from extraneous Sources lights on boats, reflection,, @ii the water, and so forth. FVC11tUalIV the problems were solved uid the unique instrument was ap parcritly functioning quitC Nell-Aflitil a pilot exhausted from hours of' flying around lool, ing for glows destroyed the device',. housing by landing his p) ine without remembering to lower the wheels. Next, the mini-baser Solid-state lasers have. nitil now, presented engineers with a peculiar dilemma -the doped" kind have to be relatively large, to dissipate heaC semiconductor kind can only be very tiny. What hits bccit nissing is a powerful inexpensive, "inini" sized laser. Tall, itound the conference ccrucred oil a new brecd---thc rare cat lh-pentaphosphale laser -- as a likely candidate. In so-called -gIaSS- I!V,@ IS, a tiny a1110Unt of' optically active dopant, usually neodynnillh. is widely dispersed through a Lfla"s matrix, limiting the powei tensity. 11' more than a few pciIL,!1t of neodyn-nuin is added, lh,@ glass breaks fron) thermal slrc@i. But in the new pcntapho@ohatc medium up to 50 percent neodynnurn can apparent[\ be used, so that for a given p0"ver level, the size is greatly (@duced. So far the new laser.,, ;irc relativelv hard to fabricatC !Mt one Scientist Speculated that 111CN, may one day become chc@q), "nearly thiowaw@ dc"lic'es SCIENCE NEWS, VOL. 109 Auoroved For Rel ase 2001/03/26 SP SC.WNMS The titanic tail of Jupiter The Pioneer 10 spacecraft, which flew past Jupiter in De- cember 1973, has apparently flown through the tail of the giant planel's magnetic field 690 million kilometers tUrther from the sun than Jupiter itself, outside even the orbit of Saturn. It hap- pened on March 19, when the spacccraft's solar wind detector dropped to it zero reading for more than 24 hours. Such it reading signifies that the tail's magnetic "crivelope" may have shut Out the solar wind patticles. "it is just barely con Z ceivable that the solar wind could have died completely for a whole day without our being ill the tail," says Pioneer project scientist John Wolfe of NASA's Arrics Research ( -'enter, "and we'll know more when L we have complete track ing data. But we believe We've four](] that Jupiter has it very stretched-out magnetic envelope, or fail. " There was also some speculation that Pioneer 10 might merely be in a "magnetic- hnhhIc- broken oil' front the tail, but Wolfe believes that the long duration of the zcro-solar-witid period means that the spacecraft crossed an intact portion of the tail. It So, Jupiter's Inagrictotail is at least 1().(X)O Jupiter radii in length, corripared with about 1 000 earth radii for carth's niagnetotail. Saturn should enter Jupiter's mag riciolail every 20 years. When thin happens--its it will next ill April 198 1 ----Saturn's outcr radiation belt Should be disturbed. Spacecraft may altelyipt to monitor evidence of that event. Ill addition, when Pioncer 10 crossed the Iovian niagrictotail, it wits 6 degrees-about 100 million kiloinctors at that distance Iroin the sun -above the plane of the ecliptic. Pioneers 10 and I I have both detected enough solar wind turbulence at Jovian distances and beyond to account for the wind's blowing the inagnelotail "upward" by that amount. Another origin for the moon No [Alnar Science Confercrice, Such as the one at NASA's Johnson Space ('enter in Houston two weeks ago (SN: 3/27/76, 1). 196), would be complete without it new theory of' the origin of the moon. A kc; constraint on such theories, according to A.G.W. Carneron and W.R. Ward of tile Center of Astrophysics in Cambridge, Mass., has to be the ' Iabnormally large" specific angular momentum of the earth moon systern compared with the other plancts in the solar systcni. At an early stage, when the moon wits close to the earth, most of the angular momentum resided in the earth's spin, a spin, they Suggest, presumably iniparted to the prolocarth by a collision with a major secondary body possibly its massive as Mars. The protocarth and the secondary body, they theorize, both had iron cores and silicate Outer layers. The silicates would have vaporized and blown off, while the iron would have fragmented and collapsed back to the earth (thus accounting lor the Still-Lincxplaincd Paucity of niciallic iron oil the moon), leaving the silicates to condense into a disklike rinp similar to that proposed in the past by A.E. Ringwood of the Australian National University. The disk Would then condense into the 1110011. The resulting moon would be deficient in volatile elements (its Apollo data indicate), because most of the fine grains into which the volatiles condensed would have been driven com- I)ICICIY Out of the system by the rebound energy following the Approved For Release 2001103126 APRIL 3,1976 CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0200080040-0 collision. There would also 1@ a slight enrichment in crustal elements such as calcium in(] -Inminuni relative to the earth- Cameron estimates about 2 it) ' which is not inconsistent with recently revised lunar licatilov. measurements. This theory, say the authors ipplics only to a planetary body such as the earth, where thc -,cape velocity is sullicient to vaporize silicates. "If a similin large collision happened in the late stages of accumulation of '@ crius," thcv@ report, "the orbit of any satellite formed would h,ve clecaved Into the planet ]on,, ago. Safer facility sought for moonrocks With interest in the Apollo lonar samples still high and with no return visits yet in sight, hmar researchers are seeking an improved curatorial facility lo, tr(ovide safer storage and more workspace for the priceless i- ks. Participants at the LUIlar Science Conference in March NN -re signing petitions in support of funding foi- the facility. Fluids were riot approved hy (tic House of Representatives but ll@ 11 C been endorsed by the Senate space cominittec. The piroposc,l facility, an addition to the present one at Johnson Spacc enter, would he designed to resist flooding and other advci,,@ environmental characteristics of tile areil. Five new satellites hi orbit Five separate U.S. space satc1lites, representing both military and civilian interests, have beci! launched info orbit recently, four of' thern aboard a single it), ket. Two Naval Research Laboiaii)ry satellites, SOI.RAD (SoLar RADiation) I I A and I I B, werc ent aloft March 14 to measure the sun's X-ray, ultraviolet and proton emissions as well its solar wind fluxes. Since SOI.RAI, I was successfully orbited or) June 22, 1960, the ongoing pt s1ram has provided reams of data, including such niilcstoric@. as the passage of SOLRAD through an eclipse shadow ovc, Greece in 1966. Part of the solar-flare alcrt network, SOLRAlt 10 wits standing walch during the Apollo lunar missions and hicr during Skylab. The Jatcst satellites in the series will proN ide clata to a system that uses solar X-ray 11LIX to help PIC(fi(I (lie duration and intensity of fadcouts in shortwave radio cowinunications. The same Titan II[C rocket hat carried the SOLRAD probes also lofted a pair of Lincoln Lah(liatory F ,xperitriental Satellites, LES 8 and 9, built at the mi i ki, llity for the U.S. Air Force. Powered by nuclear generators lather than conventional batteries Or solar cells, the devices arc hrlping to evaluate techniques Of -SaMlitC Survival and deperdability in it hostile criviron- ment," using such aids as sigii@ij processing circuits designed to resist electronic jamming. In the private scctor, the secono of RCA Corp.'s commercial, domestic communications satc1hics, Satcom 11, wits launched March 26 to provide voice, 1cli 'ision and data relay for the contiguous United States and ALi ka. Satcom 1, launchcd Dcc. 12, is now in synchronous orl@@o over the equator al about 119'W, due south of Los Atig,AL-S. SatCOlTl 11 Wits aimed at about 135'W, south of Jurical], Last man on the moon to retire Irony. It was oil the first da@ 4 this year's Lunar Science Conference that NASA announced i I ic July I refircinent of veteran astronaut Eugcnc A. Cerrian tl,( last mail on the inoon. Cer- liall, who walked ill Space dlirulL! @ xcirimi 9 and flew the Apollo 10 11-Inar module to Within 10 i,ides of the moon's Surface, followed astronaut Harrison 11. :-finfitl tip the LM laddcr its they prepared to return to carth aboard Apollo 17 from tile inoon's Sea of Serenity. 01' the 12 men who have walk'd oil the moon, only three, after Cernan, will still be with @. ,SA: Alan Bean (Apollo 12), David Scott (Apollo 15) and Join) Young (Apollo 16), and onl@ Bean and Young, remain on flight status. CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0200080040-0 217 Approved''For Release 2001/03/26 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0200080040-0 The right @iemisphere of the human h,-ain has special quali- ties. Bi-ain specialists, anthropologists and other researchers pool their evidetice to delineate them. TROTTER Of all the frontiers science has yet to conquer, of all the mysteries it has yet to unravel, one of the most exciting and possibly the most important is the still uncharted human brain. Rising to meet this challenge are thousands of researchers in a number of diverse fields, each coming at the brain from a slightly different angle. Neuroscientists, brain anatomists, elec- trophysiologists, biochemists and other specialists in the physical sciences are all probing the brain in attempts to under- stand what it is and how it works. But investigations of the brain itself do not give the whole picture. Mapping the brain from an entirely different but equally valid perspective are the behavioral scientists who hope to get a better understanding of the human brain by examining not what it is but what it produces--hurnan behav- i0l. Along these lines, an investigation was conducted last summer among the Inuit or Eskimo people of' Bailin Island in northeastern Canada. The project, directed by anthropologist Solomon H. Katz of the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania, dealt spccili- cally with one of the most fascinating and fastest growing areas of' brain research, cerebral asymmetry or hemispheric dom- inance. The researchers (including an- Flnuit soapslo,'i, carving: -W,@mfjn, Aid, Beur" a psychiatrist) studied the environment, lifestyle, socialization processes, art ob- jccts, eye movements and hand use of the Inuits and found what appear to be im- portant correlations between all of these and the activity of the brain's right hemi- sphere. To the naked eye, the halves of the human brain look almost like mirror images of' each other, but for more than 100 years it has been known that the right and left hemispheres function differently. In 1861, Pierre Paul Broca, physical an- thropologist and a founder of modern brain surgery, localized the center of ar- ticulate speech in ail area of the left frontal cortex now known as Broca's area. In 1874, Carl Wernicke discovered a sensory speech center in the fell hemisphere. It is concerned with the comprehension of ianguage, ano is now Known as wernicKe s area. L,csions in these two portions of the left hemisphere were found to cause various types of aphasia, the loss or im- pairment of the ability to use words as symbols or ideas. Speech is only one ability that the hemispheres do not have in comm on. People who have suffered neural damage to one or the other hemisphere show a number of behavioral d i ITcrences that have helped researchers delineate functional the k h hemisphere can impair speech or prodiwe aphasia. Damage exclusively to the i:@@ht hemisphere does not usually disrupt linguistic abilities but can lower pcito@mance in spatial tasks, simple inu- sical thilitics, recognition of familiar ob- jccl@, ind faces and bodily sell' awareness. Suice these discoveries were made, and c;@pecially in the past 20 years, the whol,- field of research into the differing funoi,)ns of the hemispheres has blos- sorno-it. It was in 1953 that Roger W. Spenv began his far-reaching "split- brani research. Working with Ronald F". Mcycis at the California Institute of Technology, Sperry performed split-brain openiiions on cats. The corpus callosurn, the lindle of nerve fibers that connects the h4-inispheres, was surgically severed, and oic sensory inputs from the eyes were rean;mgea so triat each eye lecl mfornia- tion 1,1 only one hemisphere (instead of to N,ih as is normally the case). After rccmcry from surgery, the animals were taughl to solve various visual problems with me eye (and hemisphere) or the othc,@ With the left eye blindfolded, the cat lc;irned with its right eye and henli- spheo, only. When retested with the blindfold switched to the other eye, the cat ,h()wed no signs of having learned. Aftei the corpus callosum was severed, other anthropologist, a sycholo , t and r,,,a, j6.Lhg_gain,.4W a bd t now what the Appr ror Ref@`ase 2dOl W2 '4161-6 218 SCIENCE NEWS, VOL. 109 Approved For Release 2001/03/26 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0200080040-0 right was learning and vice versa. These split-brain experiments showed that the hemispheres of' the brain can function independently when surgically separated. Once this was demonstrated, it became possible to use the split-brain technique to investigate various aspects of cerebral organization. But cats don't talk, and true cerebral asymmetry is not thought to exist in aninials (though recent evidence Suggests the possibility of hemispheric specialization in some monkeys and songbirds). It was not until the split-brain procedure was used on humans that it became possible to be more exact in de- scriptions of the differing functions of' the right and left hemispheres of the human brain. In the intact brain, constant corninuni- cation must be maintained between the hemispheres because each side controls only one half of the body, the opposite halt*. It' the left hemisphere decides to take it walk, this decision must be signaled not only to the right side of' the body but to the right hemisphere --which in turn acti- vates the left side of the body and pro- duces coordinated walking. Thc connec- tion between the hemispheres is made through the Corpus callosum, but this ar- rangenient does not always work to the bram's advantage. An epileptic seizure slance, is communicated to the opposite side of the brain (and then back and forth and back and forth), making the seizure much more severe. In some of the worst of these cases, the split-brain operation has been used to Contain (fie CpilClltiC activity to only one hernisphere. It is these split-brain pa(icnts who have added greatly to our growing knowledge of the specific functions of' the hemi- spheres. Sperry mid others have reported that the left hcruisphcre is involved in logical, analytical, linear and sequential (especially fime-hound) thought proccsses and specitically mathematical and fingUis- tic abilities. The right hemisphere is in- volved in spatial relalions, musical (tonal qualifies), artistic, simultaneous (not con- strainect by time) and holistic thought processes. Brain damage and surgical techni(IUCS havc been important in mapping the brain, but there are more subtle approaches. Handedness and eye movements have been found to be fairly reliable signs of hemispheric activalion. Since the brain seeiris to have two "minds" that call operate independently and differently, it has been assumed that one hemisphere must bC C10111inant. Depending on the ac- tivity involved, one hemisphere or the other Must take the lead and maintain Because oi4)st people are ded (let i brained), i,id bcc;iuse " _Cch centers are almo!.z alwaYs iocL ted in the left hemisphcii,, that hemisphere has usually been con, ulcred "dorninant" while the right henw.phere has been called "Ininor" or -qUiCl. (Approximately 10 percent of all people ire left handed. About halt' of these a[L' Mought to be truly biologically left hanoc,l That is, their speech centers are locat(,@ in the right IIC]Tlisphere.) But thc 4-It hemisphere does not always control, w;d there appear to be degrees of' domin;mcc. The amount of right hemi- sphere acnvation seems to vary from in- dividual ;; individual. This is whcle lat- cral eye i;i,wement (i.i;m) comes in. When asked a (flu-stion, people will oflen glance slightly 11% the right or to the left before answerim, The direction of this initial gaze is (hought to be in indication of hemisphciu- activity. Investigators have found ih,ii right i+ 'm's (left hetiiispherc) are usual)y associated with verbal and scquentud processes while tell i.iim's (right hi,misphere) are usually related to spatial [@t,.ks. Recent research has also linked flj@ right hemisphere with eino tional piocosses (SN: 10/18/75, p. 244), and thc@,, are indications that the right hemisphric may be involved in such things as -icativity and intuition. Medita- originating in one hein8s@cre,.Lor in- control in order to ensure coordination. tion, hvpnosis and drug use (alcohol, 'Apprc or Release 2001/03/26 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0200080040-0 APRIL 3,1976 219 Clinical and experimental evidence along ivith anthropological dato are outlining the separate Onctions of the herp' RDP96-00787ROO0200080040-0 Kotz useslik, the Arctic, which vi- clemands a high deotape dcp.We Of' visuospatial to ability for survival. record In ,liort, says Katz, the e it would appear that t;e movementsright hernisphere functions Would be and hand rnow highly developed use in Eskimos than of Inuit in modern urban populations. M carvers 1 jie Uskimo language ot also reflect,., a work. hiph degree of spatial, Left right hemispheric hand (ri@hloticritation. Linguistic studies rate it as hemisphere)UwinPl the most synthetic of languages. ' position,Ant, tican English is at the other end of sculpturethe @ame scale and is while rated as the most detailed analoic (left hemisphere). work is (lone '@ lic Inuil people with arc also known for right theii soapstone and hand. whalebone Sculptures, WO1011 Cuts, lithographs and tapestries. Thi!, artwork has I-)Lcn described as ]UPWOUS, symbiotic and timeless in char acti. i ."' I"i('Ljres oil tapestries and in lith- ogi;iphs are often seen Iloating helter- marijuana and cocaine) have also been mentioned in association with right herni- sphere activity. It has been suggested, for instance, that some types of drug use may be Mated to attempts to temporarily free the right hemisphere from the left's dom- inance ill order to produce states of consciousness associated with the right hemisphere. "Spaced out" is a term that applies. And in typical right hernisplicre lashion, it ollers an integrated impression talher than an analytical description of' a state of mind. It seems likely, says Katz, "that, depending oil the activity, normally the braill SC]eCtiVCIY uses One or the other hemisphere more or less during the per- forniance of' various motor activitics. In a sense, while we are carrying out one skchot without apparent finear or three diruciisional analytic orientation. This arl (esprcially the sculpture) not only pro- vidc@. additional evidence foi- the Inuit's spatial abilities but also affords re scai-hers a unique opportunity to observe people carrying oil( work that demands trenwndoLIS spatial skills. "Hence," says Kal@ @ "by observirip and recording Ivi c1cot.tpingi how the slone carvers use their haud-,, Lind eyes in cart ying out their work . we . tn determine it the special spatial and synoictic abilities resident in the right licnw,pherc arc playing all important role in l1w creativity expressed in their caiv- ing@, I Vv hile the researchers have not finished aniv @ ,,ing all of their records, several clear 0' findiji,@_ys have ernerged that are highly activity, we may be SUI@!." StiVe of a specific selectively screening role tor the right out another --perhaps scendclital, supernaftilal,henw.phere. Among the as achild whowhen evil, profane, Inuit carvers (all spoken to in the nudst foreign and alien. The of whom were right handed), of' daydreaming right hand is typi- the left hand licars the words but cally associated with cradIcs the work, moves does not know what social order, politics, it into new posi- has been said. Perhaps organization, social tion: nid feels its progress only in Unusual system, morality, while the right cuctunslariccs do we goodness, sacred, explicitlyhano precisely carves break through to use verbal, math- the details and holds both hemispherical modescmatical and ordered. the nious carving tools. in focused, co- F.ven when a ordinated fashion, as Katz admits that Such tool ould be placed clown, in a flash of insight, a I ist ol'behaviors (lie left liand as when Archimedes saidrelated to one hemispherecart i@ d out the repositioning 'FUrcka" When or the other is of the stone this occurs, there is only intuitive at presentin sp.wc. Also, as predicted, cerlainly a great deal but Suggests ftlt there was it of' exhilaration, a anthropological studies stril,,mg preponderance new kind of' high will at least pro of holding the poult an epiphany,' dUcc hypotheses for testingstow it) the left Visual as James Joyce by neuropsy- field (right hciiii- once called it." chologists. And with spht-T@ ). that as background, Another line of, evidencelie and his colleagues Th, se observations suggest (still sorric- set Out to study hemispheric whal cit-CLUnStantial) cerebral asymmetry aniongsymmetry or at least has to do with pat- the InUitS in a high degree of terns of 111-1111all Vrohisher Bay and I-ake coolicration between cognition as seen in Harbor. (The the hemispheres- dil'- lereril societies. It research was Supported Kal,i linds all "almost may be possible, says by William and perfect relationship Katz, to carry out crossJane Ilitcheock of' New bctv:@ ,-it the right -c ill tUral studies York.) hand doing the detailed, of practices that reflect11' variations in cognitiveanahtical kinds of' activilics upon the theme of' style crnpha- and the lel't asymmetries in cerebralsizing one kind of thinkinghand -ioing all the spatial function. All we over another and touch acliv- have to do, he explains,are possible, says Katz,The InUit artists produce is determine if' one of the most some various societies have likely groups manifestingpl-icni,incrial represe information in their oticniation to ritat ions, he says, with belief' systerns about right hemispheric functionsthe 1,-ft hand doing (lie kinds of behav- would be the some reniatkable iors expected to he Inuit Eskimos. They are thinp!, associated with left known for their and right hemispheric functions.unusual gestalt (integrated)Spt cific conclusions Katz has abilitics, Such from these obser- drawn up a list of' as drawino accurate mapsvati0iis arc hard to such behaviors hased of their terri- reach at present, but oil the anthropologicaltorics. They seem to therc ire some interesting literature (see have a sort of syni- irriplications. ZY(;ON, Vol. 10, no. biotic feeling of onenessThe hunt environment, 1, 1975, a publica- with their cnvi- language and cer- tion of' the Universityronment and have traditionallytain ,)cial behaviors of' Chicago). lit depended (such as their em- general. lie Found the on their well-doCUincritedphasi-, on teaching by lch hand and side ability to find demonstration of the hody (right hemisphere)their way Out Of the rathc@ than by verbal to be asso- MOSt incredible cir- instruction) all ciated with the symbolic,ClAnistances. Such abilitiesscenmigly combine to ritualistic, nlyS- Would proba- l'oster right herm tical, mythical, omnipotent,bly be highly acla live C(.a I . ed on page 223 Han- i i an environment 7RO0020008UU14tv- 0078 hDP96 61A 126 - - : Approved For Release 2001103 220 SCIENCE NEWS, VOL. 109 Approved For Release 2001/03/26 Off THE BBW Don't Let Toxic Chemicals Go To Your Head CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0200080040-0 same tinic H)A Commissioner Alexander M .Schmidt said that foods oil the market containin)@ the dye could be sold Until they were used kip "because there is no evi- dence of i public health hazard.- And ho" about the good aspects of the many chemicals in our environment'? Sci- entists mt ly receive grants to explore the benefits. ct without many of These chemicals -)ur lives would be tar less pleasant, -,trifortable and even, in many !icalthful. Alcohol is knocked Day after day scientific cases, les- tabs churn out more devastating information for all its t vils, but about the it can also restore the toxic potential of the nasal mu(osa and speed 50,000 drugs, 36,- the [low (it blood 000 pesticides, 7,000 to the lic;Li i Although food additives and a witch-hunt is on hundreds of thousands to condenin marijuana, of other chemicals Harvard investi- in the American environment. gators rc(untly found Vinyl that it can improve chloride, heptachlor, -s of cancer patients chlordanc, DDT, who sutler the appelift menopausal estrogens, from nau,, a due to chemotherapy. Red No. 2 cause cancer; sulfur dioxide, Now dt,n't get me wrong. carbon monoxide I know that and photooxidants trigger there are very real toxic asthma and threats in our heart attacks; birth environnicnr-lead poisoning control pills induce in children, stroke; cigarettes lead p,)isonmg in Japan, the to emphysema and kcpone lung cancer--ad nauseam. pesticide tragedy among If you're con- workers in cerned about what all Hopewell Va. Last August, these chemicals are state officials doing to you, take heart; @5 warned cimsurriers this disseminator not to cat bass from of' the bad news worries, e Fluds,;n River or salmon too. In fact, her from Lake th head is reeling from E a toxic chemicals Ontario hccause researchers had found overload! < that the h%1h contained dangerously high If you think I'm kidding, levels ol polychlorinated consider some hiphenyls of the anxieties that heads. And the culprits (iwn's). @. ory young have run through my are no less than and old persons do head in the course of scientists and science not havi. hc saine liver a day. First oil', funders who publish enzyme defenses I crawl out of bed, my bad news in scientific against t-@ic chemicals thoughts turning to journals without that the general the aroma and taste providing perspective populatioii does. Some of freshly ground and on it. persons were born brewed coffee. Ymn. For instance, scientistswith genciically defeclive Then I think--uh, have Used gas liver enzymes. oh-not inore than two chromatography to detectIrripropci diet can also cups. Otherwise pesticides in impair the liver I might be courting people in parts up to cirzynics I do advocate bladder cancer, peptic a billionth. But taking reasonable ulcers and heart disease.pesticides in such tiny precaution-; against As I make my amounts may not toxic chemicals: Cat- way to my little kitchenette,necessarily be doing ing a 'Ahoicsonic diet, a cockroach anything baneful to e.g. natural, invariably greets me. the body. Then there whole t)raiu cereals I reach for my trusty is the grave danger instead of those lar- pesticide can and let of applying laboratory ded with ugar and additives; him have it, wonder- dress-rehears- telling the ing what chronic pesticideals--tissue culture and cigar smoker in the no-smoking exposure is animal experi- section doing to m inents--to the human of the M, iroliner where v brain and nervous situation. Different to get oil; riding system. - cell lines and animal a bike iri@,toakl of' In the bathroom I down strains can react driving. (I once was some vitamin the C pills to ward oil' differently to the same only per ;@n who came a cold I'm getting chenrical. Dosing to an air pollution and to counter the extra anirrials with enormous conferenk r by bike; stress I expect that amounts Of Chem- the scientists came by day. Then I recall thaticals is nearly always car,) Whitt I afn arguing I took some aspirin going to produce for is, that we earlier and that the toxic effects. But how stop lcttm@, the spate vitamin C might keep often are people of bad news about the aspirin from being exposed to such large toxic chi-inicals warp eliminated from my doses'? For instance, our perspective, hody. Now it's oil to the defoliant 2,4,5-T wcar dc-, it our health work. As I pass the was used to clear and Use Up Out District of Columbia jungles in Vietnam duringprCCiOU. loisure hours. Lung Association the Vietnam building, a sign in war. This chemical inducesFol c, unple, how )Dairy the window reminds birth defects gallons of me that the air pollutionin mice and rats. But spring m tier should index is dan- it has never been you lug from the gerously high. Now I proved -spite of extensivesupermaiket to avoid wish I'd taken a eflorts-that toxic chemicals in vitamin E pill to counterthe chemical caused birthdrinking vater'? (I made the si-nog. defects in Viet- it through seven.) Comes lunchtime-must namese children. And flow niziny hours should make sure that even supposing that you devote to I cat enough protein, chemicals were present hand pict, ing hugs off vitamins, minerals in the human body tornato plants to and unsaturated fats in such large amounts avoid wang a pesticide'? to prime my liver as Use(] in animals, (I tuade it through enzymes so that they how long do they stay 15 inint J,-s.) How many rid my body of there'? In what days should you dangerous foreign chemicals.forms'? The reason DDT stay in ht-d to avoid And enough is relatively a high air-pollution raw vegetables and wholeharmless to people is index'? 0 vc never stayed grain products that it is quickly home one. Oth- to expedite waste productsbroken down by liver erwise, @ wouldn't be through my enzymes into DDE, able to bring you body and avoid rectal a less toxic metabolite.all the h:0 news about cancer. After work toxic chernicals thal I hold my breath as Even Government regulatoryis cryin,t, to be publicized.) a bus expels toxic agencies fumes in my face. Back have serious doubts overAnd it is especially in my apartment whether their lab time, in this bicen I reach for a cocktail.tests can be extrapolatedterimal @war, that we Too late I remember to people. For stop letting toxicolo that I just took an instance, it took the gists and company deprive antihistamine, and FDA 10 years to decide US Of Out- that it enhances the depressivethat Red No. 2 should Arrieric,iii right to effects of alco- be removed from the pursuit of happi hol the market. And apparentlytress. A, me doctor laments: causing drowsiness, the most Con- "They can*/ mental dullness , vincing reason for doingfind that coffee causes and inability to concentrate.so was that high cancer too. It's the What I suspect is that doses of the dye increasedonly plc@ksure that I many of us are tumors in a have left." letting to 0 let.4 tf syd6v, tir.11VIof laboratory out* rats.. At th -4oan Arehart-Treichel ',K0$-F6Vbd @c e eas e f/d;5126 : CIA)-RDP96-00787ROO0200080040-0 APRIL 3,1976 221 Approved For Release 2001/03/26 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0200080040-0 YO LJR HEALTH CAN MAKE OR BREAK YOU doesn't it make sense to find out how to take the best care of it you can? HARDIN B. j0NrS,.P1h.D o= of Medical hl t Y:, P@s Physics am, Phy5ioo Dir"clo Laboratory 0@ ear U Do nEf Medical Rey ch, ni- versify of California, erkeley. MARK D L SCHULE dUe, H,,,v;r M.D., Visiting Notes f @f,,A d Medical School; Lec surer in Medicinef y e fli Xy@ inhoPhysi- fultant, Boston City dS'aff Con c;an, Boston Veterans Administration sl,,tal, Boilon, Massachusetts. LINUS PAULING, Ph.D.. Nobel Laureate in Chemisir y and in Peace; Emeritus Professor of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. HANS SELYE, C.C., M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc., F.R.S. (C), Professor and Director 01 the Institute for Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Montreal, Canada. ALTON OCHSNER, M.D., Senior Consultant in Surgv,, Ochsner Clinic and Ochsner Foxnda- t,on 0 @iydl and Emeritus Professor of Sur%y, Tulane nive"'fy School of Medicine, ew Orleans, LA. DEMETRIO SOD[-PALLARES, M.D., Professor of Medicine, Chief of the Department of Plectro- Vectorcard %graphy, Institute Nacional de Car- diologia, xco, D.F. SOLON PALMER, Jr_ M.D., Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California. JOHN YUDKIN, M.D., B.Ch., Ph.D., B.Sc., M.R.C.P., F.R.I.C., Emeritus Professor of Nu- trition and Dietetics, Sir John Atkins Labora- tories, Queen Elizabeth College, University of Londo ", London, England. Executive Health Report is not sold on newsstands but only by private subscrip- tion at $18 a year in the U.S.A. and its Possessions. $19 per year in Canada and Mexico. All other countries $21 by surface mail, $24 by air mail. Indi- vidual reports (back issues) $1.50 per copy. Subscribe now under this unusual in- froductory offer: ( I ) Your choice of any three of the reports listed below (81.50 each) FREE! (2) Your money back at anytime during the entire year if you do not find our reports live up to your expec- tations. Never forget: "Men's lives are chains of chances" but as Euripides saw clear- ly so long ago: "Chance fights ever on the side of the prudent." Your only insurance against "tomorrow" is what you do today. You have but one life doesn't it make sense to find out how to take the best care of it you can? Plc,.t,,t! study the reports listed here and cii@ h Ie your three c oices: Sir Units Krebs, M.D.: On the overuse and rocuse of medication- Too many patient, arc being made ill by drugs due to theii own or their physician's care- lessness James [. Toole, M.D.: On Strokes and "Little 'itrokes" . . . their causes and what yi,u should know about them to help pi,,lect yourself! Alton Oh-lisner, M.D.: On "The Chair Disense" Why blood clots in your veins ai@ a little-realized occupational hazard of desk-bound executives. Dr. LiN111% Pauling, "On Vitamin C Against Iiiisease." Why your health may he bene(ited in many ways by a proper intake ot this essential vitamin. Professoi John Yadkin: On "This Slim- ming Business" The truth about the preventimi and cure of overweight! Miles It- Hithinson, M.D.: On Sugar and White 114@qir . . . the Dangerous Twins, How, Willi the best of intentions, we have tnaii.kged to process natural foods into appe I ite -tempting, disease-breeding trouble makers . , . Trace Mijwrals . . . Part 1. On Chrom- ium Defi, ;,-ncy and Atherosclerosis. On The @rthritis Mystery. Can what you cat or don't eat - make you arthritis-l-ijone or arthritis-resistant? Dr. Ilans Selye: On Stress Without Dim- tress. Youi mind can make or break you! Trace Mitt. rals . . . Part 11: On Your Danger Fr@-m Cadmium in the water you drink ind the food you eat - and how to piotect yourself! The B Vitamins . . . Part 1. On B,@ . . . Some puzzling physical and behavioral problems , and when to suspect a deficiency id this remarkable vitamin in your diet, The It vilainins ... Part 11. On Vitamin B@ (Pyridoxine) "The Sleeping Giant of Nutrition Please use ghe coupon below, under our money-bacti. at any time guarantee. What keeps well people well? Medical men have long concentrated upon sick people and how to get them well ... not upon well people and how to keep them well. Now many top research scientists are concentrating their efforts on pre- ventive medicine . . . how to keep well people well. May we suggest that you get the bene- fits of this new research for yourself? Does so many thousands of executives do. Subscribe to Executive Health Re- port. The members of our Editorial Board are among the world's most dis- tinguished authorities on preventive medicine. Their wise advice can help you not only live longer but enjoy those extra years! EDITORIAL 130ARD SIR HANS KREBS, M.D., F.R.C.P. (England), Nobel Laureate in Physiology and Medicine. Emeritus Professor of Biochemistry, Oxford Uni- reritity, Metabolic Research Laboratory, ld D Intent of Clinical Medicine, Aylliiffe InTrarary, Oxford, England. RICHARD L. BOHANNON, M.D., F.A.C.P., Lieutenant- General, United St4fei Air Force (Rel.); Medical Director, The Institute for Aerobics Research, Dallas, Texas. LEONARD HAYFLICK, Ph.D. Professor of Medi- cal M;crobiolog Stanford biniverjify School of Medicine, SfanFlrd, California. ROGER J. WILLIAMS, Ph.D., D.Sc., Profesio of Chemistry, Co-fomnder and Consultant, Clay, ton Foundation Biochemical Institute, The Uni- verjjf@ T xaj; Past President, The American Chem; I cOlSoeietv, Austin, Texas, ALBERT SZENT-GYORGYI, M.D.. Ph.D., No- bel Laureate for Physiology and Medicine, Lah- oratory of the Inififute for Muscle Research Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods tlole@ Massachusetts. KENNETH H. COOPER, M.D_ M.P.H., Direc- for, the Cooper Clinic; President and Chairman of Board, The Institute for Aerobics Research, Dallas, Tex4j. JAMES F. TOOLE, M.D., F.A.C,P,, The Walter C. Teagle Professor of Nevrolo y BOWM411 Gray School o Wake @04.if University, Wiwsfonla Medicine, lem, North Carolina. EXECUTIVE HEALTH, Pickfair Bldg., Rancho Santa Fe, Calif. 92067 Gentlemen: Enclosed is my check for (Or a year's subscription to Executive Health to start with this month's issue. I have circled the three $1.50 reports I am to receive free. It is understood that I am to get my money back it* at any time during the entire year I become dissatisfied with your reports. In addition, I would appreciate your sending me a complete list of your 70 other re orts already in print because among them may be some from which I might P greatly benefit and would otherwise miss. NAME (please print) STATE/COUNTRY. '/PO'@TAL CODE_ _ -SN-S Approved For Release 2001/03/26 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0200080040-0 Approved For Release 2001/03/26 : CIA-RDP96-00787ROO0200080040-0 Right Hemisphere sphere activity which shows up in the Inuit life style and artwork. 'Firis suggests that Diodcs of thinking (or hemisphere use) can be [aught. It is possible that different cul- tures channel people into a greater or lesser reliance on one or the other hemi- sphere. 'I'his riay eventually be confirmed as the workings of' the brain are further elucidated, but even then will it have any practical import'! Several researchers have addressed this question, and as scientists so often do, the), seem to be searching for symmetry: 0 Robert Hertz, in 1909, in a classic Sociological article on the preeminence of the right hand: "If the constraint of a mystical ideal has for centuries been able to make nian into a unilateral being, physiologically InUtilated, a fibcrahed and larsighicd Society will strive to develop the energies dormant in our right cerebral hemisphere and to assure by an appro- pTiatc training a more harmonious devel- opirient of' the organisirt. Jerome S. Bruner, experimental psychologist at Oxford University: "Since childhood, I have been enchanted by the lact and the symbolism of the right hand and the left--the one the doer, the other the dreamer. ']'he right is order and law- iulncss, le droit. Its beauties are those of' geometry and taut implication. Reaching for knowledge with the right hand is science. Yet to say only that much of science is to overlook one of its excite- merits, for the great hypotheses arc gift's carried in the left." 0 Roger W. Sperry, in the National Science Foundation's March/April 1976 MOSAIC (an excellent overview of' the current state of brain research): "Our edu- cational system and modern society gcn- erally (with its very heavy emphasis on communication and on early training in the three Rs) discriminates against one whole hall' of the brain. . . . Ino ur present school system, the attention given to the minor hemisphere of the brain is compared with the training lavished on the left or major hemisphere. 0 Solomon H. Katz, speaking ot right hemispheric thought processes: "Cer- tainly, the absolutely abundant anthro- pological evidence that supports their manifc stations from the intuitive perspec- five indicates that our implicit kn - of these phenomena may be as old as humanity itself. But what is different and Truly exciting this time is that we can now begin to use the knowledge as It regular part of' our scientific understanding of the human mind in order to extend further our nicans of adapting to the world we live in. At last, our newly developing science oi humanity can potentially set us free to recognize that there is more to humanity than all of' our linear thinking can give us and to realize that human life viewed predominantly from left herm- spheric functions is almost as flat as viewing the world through one eye." 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